Relevant Antenna Characteristics For Xpol Antennas: Kathrein Features

Kathrein Features
Relevant antenna characteristics

for Xpol antennas
Electrical and mechanical benefits
and designe criterias
of
KATHREIN antennas
1
Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08
Kathrein Features
Increasing requirements
Antennas have to fulfill stringent specifications for the growing complexity of

modern networks regarding
- adjustable electrical downtilt (specifically for UMTS / IMT 2000)
- radiation pattern exactness (influenced by the squint- and tracking performance)
- cross polar ratio (dual polarization)
- isolation
- intermodulation
- mechanical performance
These characteristics have to meet the specifications

- over the whole frequency range
- over the whole temperature range and other environmental influences
- over the whole range of adjustable downtilt
2
Kathrein Features
Adjustable Electrical Downtilt
Electrical adjustable downtilt
Outstanding technical advantage of electrical compared

to mechanical downtilt
(downtilt angle is constant over the whole azimuth range
/ reliable network planning)
Readjustment during operation
Logistic benefit due to a reduction in the number of

antenna types in the network
Optical aspect : electrical downtilted antennas are

always positioned upright compact appearance
Option of remote controlled adjustable electrical downtilt
Kathrein Features
The heart of antennas with adjustable electrical downtilt is the phase shifting
element
Kathreins sophisticated phase shifters
provide a continuous downtilt angle

adjustment (not in steps)
avoid any metal parts being shifted

across, but uses capacitively
coupling (no risk of intermodulation,
no limitation of lifetime)
ensure that the defined

specifications apply to the whole
downtilt range
(1st generation)
Kathrein Features

Double phase shifter
dipoles
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
5
connector
Kathrein Features

Double phase shifter
dipoles
= + 140
= + 70
shorter path
= 0
Longer path
= - 70
= -140
6
connector
Important electrical values for dual-polarised Base Station Antennas
Which values are the indicator for the electrical performance of antennas for
mobile communication beside the values given in the data sheets like VSWR,
F-t-B, IM, gain or decoupling?
Which values are also absolutely important for all Operators regarding the quality
and reliable performance of their network, like as coverage, diversity, signal
strength, avoiding of interference, avoiding of dropout-calls and defined hand-overscenarios?
Squint
Tracking
CrossPolarRatio
Specially Squint and Tracking are more or less related to each other and should not be seen as
independent performance values. But to show the basic designe criterias, we want to have a
look on both seperatly.
Kathrein Features
High CPR
Cross polar ratio (+/- 45 polarization)

Cross polar ratio describes the correlation between two orthogonal
polarizations measured in the farfield (accurate +/- 45)
Ratio between the co-polar and the cross-polar signal

(identical compared to opposite polarization)
orthogonal polarizations
high cross polar ratio
excellent diversity
performance
CPR
Excellent cross-polar ratio (CPR)

values for the complete sector,
performed by a complete new
dipole element (patent pending)
8
CrossPolarRatio (Competitor)
Not only the main

direction BUT also the
sector borders are
from great interest
regarding CPR!
The CPR-value at + /60 from the main
direction should not
be worst ~10dB!
CrossPolarRatio (Competitor)
CPR performance of a competitor

antenna
Polarization: - 45
Frequency:
Co-Pol
2170.0 MHz
Polarization: + 45
Cr-Pol (CC 21.0/ 33.3/ 4.5 dB)

345
Co-Pol
15
330
300
285
-20
-10
dB
255
90
105
240
120
225
135
210
150
195
180
165
30
45
300
75
-30
15
315
60
270
330
45
2170.0 MHz
Cr-Pol (CC 7.7/ 31.7/ 26.6 dB)

345
30
315
Frequency:
60
285
75
270
-30
-20
-10
dB
255
90
105
240
120
225
135
210
150
195
180
165
10
Kathrein Features
High CPR
recommended values: main direction >20 dB

sector +/- 60 degree >10 dB
measured CPR values of Kathrein antennas :
Antenna 800 10304 : Xpol Panel 806-960 65 16.3 dBi 0- 10 T

DT
Tilt 0
Tilt 2
Tilt 4
Tilt 6
Tilt 8
Tilt 10
-60
23,4
19,8
17
15,4
14,3
11,5
-50
23,1
22,9
21
19,4
18,2
15,1
-40
21,8
23,3
23,5
22,9
22
19,2
-30
21
22,6
23,7
24,3
24,4
24,1
-20
21
22,4
23,5
24,2
24,6
28,4
-10
21,3
22,4
23
23,4
23,6
26,4
0
22
22,5
22,5
22,5
22,2
22,7
10
23
22,8
22,1
21,5
20,9
19,6
20
24,7
23,3
21,7
20,7
19,7
17,3
30
27,1
23,7
21,3
19,9
18,8
15,4
40
28,9
24
21
19,4
18,1
13,8
50
26,1
23,7
20,8
19,2
17,7
12,5
60
21,2
22,2
20,8
19,3
17,7
11,6
Antenna 742 215 : Xpol Panel 1710-2170 65 18 dBi 0- 10 T

DT
Tilt 0
Tilt 2
Tilt 4
Tilt 6
Tilt 8
Tilt 10
-60
14,6
14,4
13,9
11,7
12,4
11,0
-50
18,1
18,1
17,8
15,1
15,3
13,4
-40
20,8
21,4
21,3
18,2
17,3
15,2
-30
22,6
23,7
24,1
20,8
19,1
17,0
-20
23,5
24,5
25,3
22,7
20,7
18,9
-10
23,6
24,2
24,9
23,0
22,1
20,7
0
23,1
23,3
23,5
22,0
22,8
21,9
10
22,0
21,8
21,6
20,3
21,9
21,3
20
20,4
20,0
19,6
18,4
19,9
19,4
30
18,7
17,9
17,4
16,3
17,5
17,1
40
16,8
15,8
15,2
14,1
15,5
15,1
50
15,0
13,9
13,1
12,1
13,8
13,6
60
13,4
12,1
11,2
10,3
12,8
12,7
11
Kathrein Features
Minimum Tracking
Minimum tracking
Symmetry between the +45 and the -45 polarized horizontal pattern, measured at
+/- 60 from the direction orthogonal to the reflector screen, at same frequency
and same downtilt angle
tracking compensation reduces

the difference to 2 dB
Antenna 742 215

2140 MHz / 8 DT
+ 45 pattern
- 45 pattern
12
Kathrein 800 10247 (X-Pol F-Panel 1710 - 2170MHz 15,5dBi 0-12 tilt)
0
330
30
300
60
800 10247
<dB
270
-60
-45
-30
-15
90
10 electrical tilt; 2140MHz; +45 / -45 pol

More or less NO difference neither at
main direction nor at sector borders!
120
240
210
150
Polar-logarithmic
13
180
Copyright Kathrein Werke KG
Kathrein antenna 742 351(X-Pol F-Panel 1710-2170MHz 33 21dBi 0-8 tilt)

Not only our 65 X-Pol antennas are designed with regard to this high level specifications, but also our 33- or 90-antennas!
330
30
330
300
60
270
25
10
20
10
6 5 4
- dB
1
30
300
60
90
<dB
270
-60
-45
-30
-15
90
20
30
40
50
240
120
60
120
240
70
80
210
90
%
180
150
210
150
180
Polar-logarithmic
Polar-linear
2140 MHz; 8 electrical tilt; +45 / -45 pol
14
Tracking (Competitor)
Difference ~ 6dB
Difference ~ 8dB
15
Kathrein Features
Minimum Squint
Minimum Squint
Deviation of the main direction of the horizontal pattern compared to the direction
orthogonal to the reflector screen, measured over the frequency range
Definition of main direction :

bisector of the angle
between the -3 dB
points of the pattern
Kathrein value :
+/- 5% of half power
beam width
Antenna 742 215

1710 MHz / 0DT / -45
2110 MHz / 0DT / -45
16
Kathrein antenna 742 215 (X-Pol F-Panel
1710 - 2000MHz 18dBi 0-10T)
0
0
330
30
330
300
60
270
- dB
25
10
20
10
6 5 4
30
300
90
60
<dB
270
-60
-45
-30
-15
90
20
30
40
50
240
120
120
240
60
70
80
210
90
%
180
Polar-linear
150
210
1750MHz / 2140MHz -45 10 electrical tilt
150
180
Polar-logarithmic
17
Squint performance of a competitor
Polarization: + 45
Frequency: 1750.0 MHz
Co-Pol
Polarization: + 45
Cr-Pol (CC 12.7/ 32.0/ 18.1 dB)

345
Co-Pol
15
330
30
300
75
-10
dB
255
90
105
240
120
225
180
60
285
75
270
-30
-20
90
dB
105
240
120
135
150
195
165
-10
255
210
150
195
45
225
135
210
30
300
285
-20
15
315
60
-30
330
45
270
Cr-Pol (CC 7.7/ 31.7/ 26.6 dB)

345
315
180
165
18
10 electrical tilt; horizontal HPBW ~ 65; main direction ~
10 electrical tilt; horizontal HPBW ~ 61; main direction ~
-9
Summarized performance of an competitor

CPR: 4,4dB / 7.0dB
Polarization: + 45
Squint-deviation at the same frequency: 18
Tracking: 4dB (7dB 11dB) / 4dB (12dB 8dB)
Polarization: - 45
Co-Pol
Co-Pol
Cr-Pol (CC 20.0/ 22.3/ 4.4 dB)

345
315
300
285
75
12 dB
30
-10
dB
45
300
60
-20
15
315
45
-30
330
30
270
Cr-Pol (CC 7.0/ 20.3/ 17.0 dB)

345
15
330
90
60
285
75
270
-30
8 dB
-20
11 dB
7 dB
255
105
240
120
225
135
210
150
195
180
165
-10
dB
255
90
105
240
120
225
135
210
150
195
180
165
19
Kathrein Features
High isolation
High isolation
required because both terminations of a Xpol antenna
are used for Rx and Tx
Due to patented decoupling elements Kathrein antennas

provide an isolation of > 30 dB between
- the different polarizations
- the frequency bands
Examples :
742 212 (1710-2170 MHz / variable downtilt)
739 638 ( 824-960 MHz / variable downtilt)
-45
+45
Isolation
(Decoupling)
20
Kathrein Features
High isolation
Xpol antennas (one per sector) can be mounted around a mast under minimum
spacing; isolation for any port combination better 30 dB !
Specific 3-unit clamp available
Dualband antennas (4 ports)
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
+45 / 900 MHz
+45 / 900 MHz

- 45 / 900 MHz
+45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz
+45 / 900 MHz
- 45 / 900 MHz
+45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz
+45 / 900 MHz
- 45 / 900 MHz
+45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz
+45 / 900 MHz
- 45 / 900 MHz
+45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 900 MHz
+45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz
Isolation [dB]
872 960 MHz
47
50
>50
>50
50
47
>50
>50
>50
>50
NA
NA
>50
>50
NA
NA
Isolation [dB]
1710 1880 MHz
NA
NA
>50
>50
NA
NA
>50
>50
>50
>50
44
43
>50
>50
44
43
N/A not applicable

21
Kathrein Features
Low intermodulation products

> -150 dBc for 3rd order products at 2 x 20 W (43 dBm)
research on intermodulation
since more than 15 years
100 % final test during

production for all GSM and
UMTS - Single- Dual- or
Triple-Band- Base Station
Antennas
Low intermodulation
22
Kathrein Features
Environment
Constant electrical performance under environmental conditions
Kathrein antennas :
Sun, rain, snow, ice do not
significantly effect the
electrical parameters
Not every other

manufacturer develops like
Kathrein
24
Kathrein Features
Mechanical performance
Excellent mechanical performance

Closed construction :
completely closed radome made of

an extruded fiberglass profile
separated electrical and mechanical
components
reduced sealing procedure by top
and bottom caps
Other construction :
aluminum body and fiberglass half radome have very similar temperature
coefficients (no cracks due to temperature changes)
26
Kathrein Features
Reliability
Reliability
extensive environmental tests
according ETS 300 019-2-4 regarding
vibration shock, temperature a.s.o. on
our own premises during the
development process
Extensive final tests during production (VSWR,isolation, intermodulation)

Only if the antennas passes the final test to 100% the system will store the serial
number!
recorded failure rate in the field below 0,05% of produced units
Long service life
27
Special test procedure for Train antennas

With this unique test procedure we investigate the
influence of a heavy hail storm on our antennas for high
speed train.
Hailstone 2cm / Speed 400km/h (250mph) / Kinetically energy 23,5 Joule / Exerted force
1060N
28

Relevant Antenna Characteristics For Xpol Antennas: Kathrein Features

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Kathrein Features

Relevant antenna characteristics

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Antennas have to fulfill stringent specifications for the growing complexity of

These characteristics have to meet the specifications

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt

Electrical adjustable downtilt

Outstanding technical advantage of electrical compared

Readjustment during operation

Logistic benefit due to a reduction in the number of

Optical aspect : electrical downtilted antennas are

Option of remote controlled adjustable electrical downtilt

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt

Kathreins sophisticated phase shifters

provide a continuous downtilt angle

avoid any metal parts being shifted

ensure that the defined

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt

Adjustable Electrical Downtilt

Important electrical values for dual-polarised Base Station Antennas

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Cross polar ratio (+/- 45 polarization)

Ratio between the co-polar and the cross-polar signal

Excellent cross-polar ratio (CPR)

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Not only the main

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

CPR performance of a competitor

Cr-Pol (CC 21.0/ 33.3/ 4.5 dB)

Cr-Pol (CC 7.7/ 31.7/ 26.6 dB)

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

recommended values: main direction >20 dB

measured CPR values of Kathrein antennas :

Antenna 800 10304 : Xpol Panel 806-960 65 16.3 dBi 0- 10 T

Antenna 742 215 : Xpol Panel 1710-2170 65 18 dBi 0- 10 T

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

tracking compensation reduces

Antenna 742 215

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

10 electrical tilt; 2140MHz; +45 / -45 pol

Copyright Kathrein Werke KG

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Kathrein antenna 742 351(X-Pol F-Panel 1710-2170MHz 33 21dBi 0-8 tilt)

Copyright Kathrein Werke KG

2140 MHz; 8 electrical tilt; +45 / -45 pol

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Definition of main direction :

Antenna 742 215

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Kathrein antenna 742 215 (X-Pol F-Panel

1710 - 2000MHz 18dBi 0-10T)

Copyright Kathrein Werke KG

1750MHz / 2140MHz -45 10 electrical tilt

Copyright Kathrein Werke KG

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Squint performance of a competitor

Frequency: 1750.0 MHz

Cr-Pol (CC 12.7/ 32.0/ 18.1 dB)