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TRABAJO FINAL
JOSE EDUARDO LOPEZ AYALA
BRAIN CHECK
TITULO
SUBTITULO
Brain Check
Scientists are mapping
the pathways that link
emotion to health. The
challenge for the rest of
us is to put the
discoveries to work.
Estudio Cerebral
At Duke University
La Universidad de Duke
Harvard
Harvard
Geoffrey Cowley
Autor
Walter Canon
Fisilogo de Harvard
Henry Becheer
Doctor de Harvard
ORGANIZACIONES
NOMBRES
TIPOGRAFIA
algunos nombres.
He lens of 21st-century El lente de la ciencia del
science.
siglo XXI.
The federal government's El Gobierno Federal ha
five-year-old.
cumplido 5 aos.
Integrated Neural Immune
Program will spend $16
million on mind-body
research next year.
NUMEROS
Programa Integrado de
Inmune Neural gastar $
16
millones
en
la
investigacin
mentecuerpo el prximo ao
FECHAS
INGLES
Emotion
ESPAOL
Emocion
INGLES
Optimism
del
ESPAOL
optimismo
University
Universidad
Physiological
fisiolgico
Imagine
imaginar
Obesity
obesidad
Allergic
alrgico
Physical
fsico
Japanese
japons
Potential
potencial
Surprise
sorpresa
Organs
rganos
Study
estudio
Immune system
Sistema
inmunolgico
Experimental
experimental
Mental
mental
Dramatically
dramticamente
Medical
mdico
Medicine
medicina
Federal
federal
Modern
moderna
Integrated
integrado
Operation
operacin
Program
Programa
Affect
afectar
Million
milln
Decades
dcadas
Organization
organizacin
Report
informe
Practices
prcticas
Connection
conexin
Relaxation
relajacin
Important
importante
Techniques
tcnicas
Serenity
serenidad
Clinics
Clnicas
Americans
los
estadounidenses
Stress
estrs
Progressive
progresivo
Muscle tension
la tensin muscular
Meditation
meditacin
Hormones
las hormonas
Basic
bsico
Inflammatory
inflamatorio
Hospitals
Hospitales
Menopause
menopausia
Hypnosis
hipnosis
Symptoms
Los sntomas
Question
pregunta
INGLES
Fertility
ESPAOL
fertilidad
INGLES
ESPAOL
Phenomenon
fenmeno
Religious
religioso
Deception
engao
Hospitalization
hospitalizacin
Significant
importante
Function
funcin
Mechanisms
mecanismos
Yoga
yoga
Objective
objetivo
Exercises
ejercicios
Chronic
crnico
Heredity
herencia
Nitric oxide
El xido ntrico
Temperament
temperamento
Molecule
molcula
Substitute
sustituto
Toxic
txico
Diet
dieta
ELEMENTOS REFERENCIALES
RENGLON
ELEMENTO
SE REFIERE A
16
This
26
32
them
their
Ellos comenzaran
Los Hospitales
37
them
Americanos
37
they
Los Americanos
38
They
Ellos
39
there
43
this
Esto fisiolgico
46
they
Personas
52
they
Investigadores
57
themselves
Expertos
57
they
Personas
57
we
Nosotros
60
their
Sus cerebros
87
we
nosotros
Negritas
Ttulo: Brain check
Subttulo: Sientists are mapping the pathways that link emotion to healt. The
challenge for the rest of US is to put the discoveries to work.
En letras rojas: Nombre del autor
MAYSCULAS
Cognados:
Falso cognado:
Adjetivos calificativos
Superlativos y comparativos:
Better, less, oldest, most, stronger, more important, than most ot us, less
Adverbios:
Conjunciones:
Sustantivos:
Tiempos verbales.
En el Segundo prrafo: is, can, has envolved, have imagined, are not, offers,
learn
En el tercer prrafo: will, is, will spend, has started, rainging, has, prayed,
research, said.
En el cuarto prrafo: had, is, confronted, recognized, confronted, responds, can,
believed, know, visits.
En el quinto prrafo: are, has been, described, are, improved, compared, caused,
was, measurable, found.
En el sexto prrafo: are, suggests, can, improve, is, have found, is associated,
prayer, believe,.
En el sptimo prrafo: teach, can, is, are, leave, improve, cure, feeling, offers,
fulfills, reduce.
Trabajo Final de Ingls Semipresencial CEDCO D Brain Check, elaborado por Jorge
Hernndez y Juan Jess Rodrguez.Parte Escrita.1
TITULO:
BRAIN CHECK (COMPROBACION CEREBRAL)
SUBTITULO:
NO
ENCABEZADO:
SCIENTISTS ARE MAPPING THE PATHWAYS THAT LINK EMOTION TO HEALTH. THE CHALLENGE FOR
THE REST OF US IS TO PUT THE DISCOVERIES TO WORK.
LOS CIENTIFICOS ESTAN ASIGNANDO LOS CAMINOS QUE ENLAZAN LAS EMOCIONES CON LA
SALUD. EL RETO PARA EL RESTO DE NOSOTROS ES PONER LOS DESCUBRIMIENTOS A TRABAJAR
LETRAS:
2: MAYUSCULAS.-ENCABEZADO, NEWSWEEK, HIP USA, PET, UCLA
MINUSCULAS: RESTO DEL TEXTO
NEGRITAS: ENCABEZADO
CURSIVAS: NO
NUMEROS:
1. 21 CENTURY: SIGLO XXI
2. 16 MILLION: GASTO QUE SE REALIZARA EN LA INVESTIGACION DE LA RELACION CUERPO-MENTE
3. 2002: AO EN QUE CERCA DE LA MITAD DE LOS ESTADOUNIDENSES USARON PRACTICAS
CUERPO-MENTE
4. 90 YEARS: AOS RECONOCIDOS POR EL PSICOLOGO WALTER CANNOON
5. 60 TO 90: PORCENTAJE DE VISITAS A DOCTORES QUE RELACIONAN CON EL STRES Y PROBLEMAS
6. 1950: AO EN QUE SE RECONOCIO LA RESPUESTA PLACEBO
7. FIVE YEAR: ANTIGUEDAD DE LOS GOBIERNOS FEDERALES
LUGARES:
1. HIP USA
2. DUKE UNIVERSITY
3. HARVARD UNIVERSITY
4. UCLA
FECHAS:
1. 26 DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2004
COGNADOS:
1. SCIENTISTS: CIENTIFICOS
2. EMOTION: EMOCION
3. IMAGINE: IMAGINA
4. ALLERGIC: ALERGIA
5. JAPANESE: JAPONES
6. PROVOKES: PROVOCA
7. INNOCUOUS: INOCUO
8. COMMENCES: COMIENZA
9. FINE: FINO
10. NO: NO
11. SURPRISE: SORPRESA
12. PARKINSON: PARKINSON
13. REDUCED: REDUCE
14. STUDY: ESTUDIO
15. EXPERIMENTAL: EXPERIMENTO
16. DRAMATICALLY: DRAMATICO
17. DECLARE: DECLARA
18. MODERN MEDICINE: MEDICINA MODERNA
19. OPERATIONS: OPERACIONES
20. AFFECT: AFECTA
21. DECADES: DECADAS
22. REPORT: REPORTE
23. CONNECTION: CONECCION
24. IMPORTANT: IMPORTANTE
25. IMAGINED: IMAGINA
26. SCIENCE: CIENCIA
27. ANXIETY: ANSIEDAD
28. ALIENATION: ALIENACIN
29. SERENITY: SERENO
30. OPTIMISM: OPTIMISTA
31. PHYSIOLOGICAL: PSICOLOGO
32. STATES: ESTADOS
33. AFFECT: AFECTA
34. OBESITY: OBESO
35. PHYSICAL: FISICO
36. POTENTIAL: POTENTE
37. ORGANS: ORGANOS
38. IMMUNE SYSTEM: SISTEMA INMUNE
39. MENTAL: MENTE
40. MEDICAL: MEDICO
41. FEDERAL: FEDERAL
42. GOVERNMENT: GOBIERNO
43. INTEGRATED: INTEGRAL
11. THAT THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS CAN AFFECT OUR HEALTH IS HARDLY NEWS: LA SALUD DE LAS
PERSONAS
12. SO WHY IS NEWSWEEK DEVOTING THIS HEALTH FOR LIFE REPORT: ARTICULO QUE SE ESTA
LEYENDO
13. HOSPITALS, FOR THEIR PART: HOSPITALES
14. THEY HAD PLENTY TO PRAY FOR: PERSONAS CON PROBLEMAS EMOCIONALES
15. WE NOW KNOW THAT THIS PHYSIOLOGICAL: CIENTIFICOS QUE ESTAN INVESTIGANDO
16. WE NOW KNOW THAT THIS PHYSIOLOGICAL: PROBLEMAS PSICOLOGICOS
17. CANNON VERIFIED THAT PEOPLE WHO BELIEVED THEY'D BEEN HEXED BY VOODOO: PERSONAS
QUE CREIAN HABER SIDO HECHIZADAS
18. WE NOW KNOW THAT CHRONIC STRESS: CIENTIFICOS INVESTIGADORES
19. THEY'RE ALSO GAINING UNPRECEDENTED INSIGHTS: INVESTIGACIONES REALIZADAS
20. CONVINCE THEMSELVES THEY'RE BETTER: PERSONAS QUE CREIAN ESTAR ENFERMAS
21. WE NOW BELIEVE THAT THE BODY PRODUCES MORE NITRIC OXIDE: CIENTIFICOS QUE ESTAN
INVESTIGANDO
22. THIS MOLECULE ACTS AS AN ANTIDOTE TO CORTISOL: LA MOLECULA DEL OXIDO NITRICO
23. THAT IS THE CENTRAL QUESTION: ENSEARNOS NOSOTROS MISMOS A SER MAS SALUDABLES
ORACIONES TEMA Y ORACIONES SECUNDARIAS:
Imagine you're allergic to the oil of the Japanese lacquer tree--so allergic that the brush of a leaf
against your skin provokes an angry rash. Strapping a blindfold over your eyes, a scientist tells you
she's going to rub your right arm with lacquer leaf and your left arm with the innocuous leaf of a
chestnut tree. The rubbing commences, and before long your right arm is covered with burning,
itchy welts. Your left side feels fine. No surprise, until you learn that your left arm--not the right--is
the one that got lacquered. Or imagine that Parkinson's disease has reduced your walk to a shuffle
and left your hands too shaky to grasp a pencil. You enroll in a study and receive an experimental
surgical treatment, which dramatically improves both your gait and your grip. You're ready to
declare it a miracle of modern medicine, when you discover that the operation was a sham. The
surgeons merely drilled a small hole in your skull and then patched it.
1. Imagnese que es alrgico al aceite del rbol de la laca japonesa, tan alrgico que el roce de una
hoja sobre la piel le provoca un fuerte salpullido.
That thoughts and feelings can affect our health is hardly news. In the span of a few decades,
mind-body medicine has evolved from heresy into something approaching clich. So why is
NEWSWEEK devoting this Health for Life report to the mind-body connection? Because the
relationship between emotion and health is turning out to be more interesting, and more
important, than most of us could have imagined. Viewed through the lens of 21st-century science,
anxiety, alienation and hopelessness are not just feelings. Neither are love, serenity and optimism.
All are physiological states that affect our health just as clearly as obesity or physical fitness. And
the brain, as the source of such states, offers a potential gateway to countless other tissues and
organs--from the heart and blood vessels to the gut and the immune system. The challenge is to
map the pathways linking mental states to medical ones, and learn how to travel them at will.
2. El reto consiste en trazar los caminos que unen los estados mentales y los mdicos, y aprender a
viajar a voluntad.
That effort is now burgeoning. The federal government's five-year-old Integrated Neural Immune
Program will spend $16 million on mind-body research next year, and private foundations will
spend millions more. At least one leading managed-care organization, HIP USA, has started to
cover mind-body practices, and Medicare now reimburses for certain relaxation techniques
administered by psychologists. Hospitals, for their part, are opening mind-body clinics--and yoga
classes are spreading from health clubs into shopping malls. According to a recent government
survey, nearly half of all Americans used mind-body interventions in 2002. The respondents
embraced practices ranging from deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation to meditation,
hypnosis and guided imagery. Close to half of them also said they prayed--perhaps the oldest and
most basic form of mind-body medicine.
3. Ese esfuerzo est en expansin. El gobierno federal integro hace 5 aos, el Programa Inmuno
Neural, en donde piensan gastar $ 16 millones en la investigacin mente-cuerpo el prximo ao, y
las fundaciones privadas se gastan millones ms.
They had plenty to pray for. Modern life is rife with potential stressors, and there is now little
question that uncontrolled stress can kill. Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon recognized 90 years
ago that when confronted by a threat--physical or emotional, real or imagined--the body responds
with a rise in blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension and breathing rate. We now know that
this physiological "stress response" involves hormones and inflammatory chemicals that, while
valuable in measured bursts, can foster everything from headaches to heart attacks in overdose.
Cannon verified that people who believed they'd been hexed by voodoo witch doctors could drop
dead from a sudden and massive stress response. We now know that chronic stress, though not
always fatal, can disrupt the digestive system, worsen symptoms of menopause and interfere with
fertility. Indeed, experts now believe that 60 to 90 percent of all doctor visits involve stress-related
complaints.
4. La vida moderna est plagada de estresores potenciales, y ahora hay pocas dudas acerca de que
el estrs no controlado puede matar.
As researchers chart the health effects of hostility and hopelessness, they're also gaining
unprecedented insights into the mind's power to heal. The "placebo response" has been widely
recognized since the 1950s, when Harvard's Dr. Henry Beecher described the phenomenon. Until
recently, most experts dismissed it as a feat of self-deception, in which people who remain sick (or
never were) convince themselves they're better. But we're now discovering that expectations can
directly alter a disease process. Consider those Parkinson's sufferers who improved with sham
surgery. Using PET scans, researchers compared their brains with those of patients who received
an active treatment. As expected, the active intervention caused a significant rise in dopamine, the
neurotransmitter that people with Parkinson's lack. But the patients who improved on placebo
experienced a similar dopamine surge. A related study found that fake analgesics could boost the
brain's own pain-fighting mechanisms. In both cases, the placebo response was not an imaginary
lessening of symptoms but an objective, measurable change in brain chemistry.
5. Como los investigadores estn trazando los efectos de la hostilidad y desesperanza en la salud,
estn tambin ganando puntos de vista sin precedentes acerca de poder curar la mente.
Placebos are just the beginning. Mounting evidence suggests that any number of soothing
emotional experiences can improve our physical health. At Duke University, researchers have
found that religious observance is associated with lower rates of illness and hospitalization. In
studies of HIV-positive men, researchers at UCLA have found that optimism is associated with
stronger immune-cell function. And research at Harvard suggests that the "relaxation response"-the deep sense of calm we can achieve through yoga, prayer or simple deep-breathing exercises-can help counter the effects of chronic stress. We now believe that the body produces more nitric
oxide when deeply relaxed, and that this molecule acts as an antidote to cortisol and other
potentially toxic stress hormones.
6. La evidencia creciente sugiere que cualquier nmero de experiencias emocionales tranquilas,
pueden mejorar nuestra salud fsica.
Can we teach ourselves to be healthier? That is the central question of mind-body medicine, and
the answer is not an unqualified yes. Stressful life circumstances are sometimes inescapable (no
one chooses poverty or discrimination). Heredity and temperament leave some of us more stressprone than others. And prayer is clearly no substitute for penicillin or a decent diet. Yet mind-body
techniques can improve almost anyone's quality of life. Meditation may not cure cancer, but by
alleviating fear and softening the side effects of treatment, it leaves many patients feeling less
victimized. Stress-related illness often defies conventional remedies, and when we persist with
high-tech pills and procedures, the costs of treatment can easily outweigh the benefits. Mind-body
medicine offers a saner starting place. If it fulfills half its promise, it could reduce medical costs
while improving our health and our lives. And whatever its limitations, it has the advantage of
doing no harm.
7. Nos podemos ensear a nosotros mismos a ser ms saludables? Esa es la pregunta central de
CONECTORES:
1. TO: A (FIN)
Imagine you're allergic to the oil of the Japanese lacquer tree
Imagnese que es alrgico al aceite del rbol de la laca japonesa
2. BEFORE: ANTES (SECUENCIA)
The rubbing commences, and before long your right arm is covered with burning, itchy welts.
La comezn empieza, y en poco tiempo su brazo derecho est cubierto de quemaduras, ronchas y
comezn.
3. AND: Y (ADICION)
You enroll in a study and receive an experimental surgical treatment
Se inscribe en un estudio y recibe un tratamiento quirrgico experimental
4. BECAUSE: DEBIDO A (CAUSA)
Because the relationship between emotion and health
Debido a que la relacin entre las emociones y la salud
5. FOR: POR (FIN)
Hospitals, for their part
Los hospitales, por su parte
6. WHILE: MIENTRAS QUE (CONTRASTE)
hormones and inflammatory chemicals that, while valuable in measured bursts, can foster
everything from headaches to heart attacks in overdose.
hormonas y sustancias qumicas inflamatorias que, mientras que son valiosas en cantidades
medidas, pueden provocar de todo, desde dolores de cabeza hasta ataques al corazn en caso de
sobredosis.
7. BUT: PERO (CONTRASTE)
Until recently, most experts dismissed it as a feat of self-deception, in which people who remain
sick (or never were) convince themselves they're better. But we're now discovering that
expectations can directly alter a disease process.
Hasta hace poco, la mayora de los expertos desestimaban como una idea de auto-engao, en el
que las personas que permanecen enfermos (o nunca fueron) se convencen de que son mejores.
Pero ahora estamos descubriendo que las expectativas pueden alterar directamente un proceso
de enfermedad.
VERBOS:
Imagine presente simple
are presente simple
provokes presente simple
tells presente simple
rub futuro
covered presente simple Voz pasiva
feels presente simple
got pasado simple
laquered pasado simple
imagine presente simple
reduced presente perfecto
grasp infinitivo
enroll presente simple
receive presente simple
are presente simple
declare infinitivo
discover presente simple
was pasado simple
NOMBRES
Dr. Henry Beecher
Walter Cannon
Parkinson
CANTIDADES
16 millions
90 years
60 to 90 percent
LUGARES
HIP USA
Harvard
COGNADOS
INGLES
Scientists
Emotion
Discoveries
Imagine
Allergic
Japanese
Provekes
Commences
Covered
Reduced
Study
Experimental
Treatment
Dramatically
Declare
Modern
Medicine
Discover
Operation
Report
Connection
Important
Alienation
Optimism
Physiological
Physical
Potential
Organs
ESPAOL
Cientficos
Emocin
Descubridores
Imagine
Alergico
Japones
Proboca
Comienza
Cubre
Reduce
Estudio
Experimental
Tratamiento
Dramatico
Declare
Moderno
Medicina
Descubrir
Operacin
Reporte
Coneccin
Importante
Alineacin
Optimismo
Fisiolgico
Fisico
Potencial
Organos
INGLES
Neural
Program
Million
Relaxation
Techniques
Hospitals
Part
Clinics
Classes
Clubs
According
Americans
Progresive
Meditation
Hipnosis
Basic
Emotional
Real
Tension
Hormones
Inflamatory
Massive
Chronic
Stress
Fatal
Digestive
Menopause
Using
ESPAOL
Neural
Programa
Millon
Relajacin
Tcnicas
Hospitales
Parte
Clnicas
Clases
Clubs
Acordando
Americanos
Progresivo
Meditacin
Hipnosis
Basico
Emocional
Real
Tencin
Hormonas
Inflamatorio
Masivo
Crnico
Estres
Fatal
Digestivo
Menopausia
Usando
System
Mental
Process
Deception
Experts
Phenomenon
Visits
Doctor
Fertility
Medical
Govermments
Sistema
Mental
Proceso
Decepcin
Expertos
Fenmeno
Visita
Dctor
Fertilidad
Medico
Gobierno
Compared
Patients
Received
Active
Caused
Significant
Similar
Analgesics
Objetive
Imaginary
Response
Comparado
Pacientes
Recivido
Activo
Causado
Significado
Similar
Analgsicos
Objetivo
Imaginario
Responsable
TIEMPOS VERBALES
INGLES
ESPAOL
TIEMPO
Are mapping
You are allergic
Is to put
Your skin provokes
Strapping a blindfold
Shes going to rub
The rubbing commences
Is covered
Has reduced
You are ready
The operation was a sham
Has evolved
Why
is
NEWSWEEK
devoting
Is turning
Are not just feelings
Feels fine
Got lacquered
You enroll
Improves your gait
Drilled a small hole
Estan cartografiando
Tu eres alrgico
Es poner
Tu piel proboca
Flejando una venda
Ella va a frotar
La friccin comienza
Est cubierto
Ha reducido
Usted est listo
La operacin era una falsa
Se ha convertido
Por qu NEWSWEEK se
esta dedicando
Se est convirtiendo
No son slo sentimientos
Se siente bien
Ha lacado
Se inscribe
Modo de andar
Perfor
un
pequeo
orificio
Se aproxima
Haber imaginado
Visto a travs
Son estados fisiolgicos
El reto consiste
Y aprender a viajar
Presente Progresivo
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Presente Progresivo
Presente Progresivo
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Pasado Perfecto
Presente Simple
Pasado
Pasado Perfecto
Presente Progresivo
Something appriaching
Could have imagined
Viewed through
All are physioligical states
The challenge is
And learn how to travel
Presente Progresivo
Presente simple
Presente Simple
Presente Perfecto
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Pasado Simple
Presente
Presente Perfecto
Pasado Perfecto
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Is now purgeoning
Will spend 16 million
Has started
Are openeng clinics
Are spreading
Said they prayed
They had plenty to pray for
Is rife
Can kill
Cannon recognized
The body responds
We now know
Can foster
Who believed
Had been hexed
Could Drop
Interfere
They are also gaining
Henry Beecher described
Dismissed
Remain sick
Were now discovering
Can directly alter
Improved whit sham surgery
Compared their brains
Received an active treatment
Improved on placebo
Experienced
a
similar
dopamine
Found that fake analgesics
Could boost
Was not a ressening
Est en expansin
Se gastarn 16 millones
Ha comenzado
Estn abriendo clnicas
Se estn extendiendo
Dije que oraban
Que tena mucho que pedir
Est plagada
Puede matar
Cannon reconoci
El cuerpo responde
Ahora sabemos
Puede fomentar
Crean
Haba sido hechizado
Podra caer
Inferir
Estan tambin ganando
Henry Beecher describi
Que desestim
Que permanecen enfermos
Estamos descubriendo
Pueden alterar
Mejoraron con la cirujia
Compararon el cerebro
Recibieron un tratamiento
Mejoraron en el grupo
Experimentaron
un
aumento
Encontr
que
los
analgsicos
Podra impulsar
No fue una disminucin
Presente Simple
Presente
Presente Perfecto
Presente Continuo
Presente Continuo
Pasado Perfecto
Pasado
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Pasado Simple
Presente Simple
Presente Simple
Presente
Pasado
Pasado Perfecto
Futuro
Presente Simple
Presente
Pasado Simple
Pasado Simple
Presente Simple
Presente Progresivo
Presente Simple
Pasado Simple
Pasado SImple
Pasado Simple
Pasado Simple
Pasado Simple
Pasado SImple
Futuro
Pasado Simple
SUSTANTIVOS
Brain
Health
Skin
Eyes
Arm
Treatment
Miracle
Operation
Cerebro
Salud
Piel
Ojos
Brazo
Tratamiento
Milagro
Operacin
Scientists
Word
Blindfold
Rash
Pencil
Gait
Medicine
Hole
Cientficos
Trabajo
Vende de ojos
Erupcin
Lpiz
Paso
Medicina
Hoyo
News
Body
Life
Organs
Blood
System
Year
Clinics
Hormones
Doctors
Noticias
Cuerpo
Vida
Organos
Sangre
Sistema
Ao
Clnicas
Hormonas
Doctores
Mind
Heresy
Phisiological
Heart
Vessels
Challenge
Hospitals
Muscle
People
Mente
Hereja
Fisiolgico
Corazn
Venas
Reto
Hospitales
Msculo
Gente
ELEMENTOS REFERENCIALES
RENGLON
ELEMENTO
REFERENCIAL
REFIERE
SUSTITUYE
18
25
Devoting this
How to travel them
30
31
33
35
38
40
42
45
49
49
49
51
53
Who improve
Salud de vida
Estados mentales de los
mdicos
Los hospitales
La
mitad
de
los
estadounidenses
Los encuestados
Los encuestados
Respuesta al estrs
Las personas
Los lectores
Los investigadores
Los expertos
Las personas
Los reporteros
Los cerebros de los
pacientes
Los pacientes
ESTRUCTURAS NOMINALES
INGLES
ESPAOL
Brain check
Japanese lacquer tree
Angry rash
Right arm
Left arm
Chestnut tree
Modern medicine
Chequeo cerebral
Arbol de laca japonesa
Fuerte salpullido
Brazo derecho
Brazo izquierdo
Arbol de castao
Medicina moderna
O
A
Small hole
Life report
Physiological states
Physical fitness
Immune system
The federal goverment
Yoga classes
Blood pressure
Heart rate
Muscle tension
Chronic stress
Active treatment
Brain chemistry
Hoyo pequeo
Reporte de vida
Estados fisiolgicos
Aptitud fsica
Sistema imunolgico
El gobierno federal
Clases de yoga
Presin sangunea
Frecuensia cardiaca
Tensin muscular
Estrs crnico
Tratamiento activo
Qumica del cerebro
CONECTORES
That
To
Than
And
From
Of
But
Que
A
De
Y
Desde
De
Pero
ADJETIVOS
INGLES
ESPAOL
Allergic
Angry
Right
Left
Shaky
Ready
Modern
Alrgico
Enojado
Derecho
Izquierdo
Dbil
Listo
Moderno
ADVERBIOS
INGLES
ESPAOL
NUM. PAGINA
angry
before long
Fuerte
Poco
Bien
Cuando
Puede
7
9
10
13
16
fine
when
can
few
clearly
next
now
also
perhaps
widely
Until recently
Never
directly
Pocas
Claramente
Prximo
Ahora
Tambin
Talvez
Ampliamente
Hasta hace poco
Nunca
Directamente
16
22
27
29
33
34
46
47
48
49
Imagine you're allergic to the oil of the Japanese lacquer tree--so allergic that the brush of a leaf against
your skin provokes an angry rash. Strapping a blindfold over your eyes, a scientist tells you she's going
to rub your right arm with lacquer leaf and your left arm with the innocuous leaf of a chestnut tree. The
rubbing commences, and before long your right arm is covered with burning, itchy welts. Your left side
feels fine. No surprise, until you learn that your left arm--not the right--is the one that got lacquered. Or
imagine that Parkinson's disease has reduced your walk to a shuffle and left your hands too shaky to
grasp a pencil. You enroll in a study and receive an experimental surgical treatment, which dramatically
improves both your gait and your grip. You're ready to declare it a miracle of modern medicine, when you
discover that the operation was a sham. The surgeons merely drilled a small hole in your skull and then
patched it.
That thoughts and feelings can affect our health is hardly news. In the span of a few decades, mind-body
medicine has evolved from heresy into something approaching cliche. So why is NEWSWEEK devoting
this Health for Life report to the mind-body connection? Because the relationship between emotion and
health is turning out to be more interesting, and more important, than most of us could have imagined.
Viewed through the lens of 21st-century science, anxiety, alienation and hopelessness are not just
feelings. Neither are love, serenity and optimism. All are physiological states that affect our health just as
clearly as obesity or physical fitness. And the brain, as the source of such states, offers a potential
gateway to countless other tissues and organs--from the heart and blood vessels to the gut and the
immune system. The challenge is to map the pathways linking mental states to medical ones, and learn
how to travel them at will.
That effort is now burgeoning. The federal government's five-year-old Integrated Neural Immune
Program will spend $16 million on mind-body research next year, and private foundations will spend
millions more. At least one leading managed-care organization, HIP USA, has started to cover mindbody practices, and Medicare now reimburses for certain relaxation techniques administered by
psychologists. Hospitals, for their part, are opening mind-body clinics--and yoga classes are spreading
from health clubs into shopping malls. According to a recent government survey, nearly half of all
Americans used mind-body interventions in 2002. The respondents embraced practices ranging from
deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation to meditation, hypnosis and guided imagery. Close to
half of them also said they prayed--perhaps the oldest and most basic form of mind-body medicine.
They had plenty to pray for. Modern life is rife with potential stressors, and there is now little question that
uncontrolled stress can kill. Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon recognized 90 years ago that when
confronted by a threat--physical or emotional, real or imagined--the body responds with a rise in blood
pressure, heart rate, muscle tension and breathing rate. We now know that this physiological "stress
response" involves hormones and inflammatory chemicals that, while valuable in measured bursts, can
foster everything from headaches to heart attacks in overdose. Cannon verified that people who believed
they'd been hexed by voodoo witch doctors could drop dead from a sudden and massive stress
response. We now know that chronic stress, though not always fatal, can disrupt the digestive system,
worsen symptoms of menopause and interfere with fertility. Indeed, experts now believe that 60 to 90
percent of all doctor visits involve stress-related complaints.
As researchers chart the health effects of hostility and hopelessness, they're also gaining unprecedented
insights into the mind's power to heal. The "placebo response" has been widely recognized since the
1950s, when Harvard's Dr. Henry Beecher described the phenomenon. Until recently, most experts
dismissed it as a feat of self-deception, in which people who remain sick (or never were) convince
themselves they're better. But we're now discovering that expectations can directly alter a disease
process. Consider those Parkinson's sufferers who improved with sham surgery. Using PET scans,
researchers compared their brains with those of patients who received an active treatment. As expected,
the active intervention caused a significant rise in dopamine, the neurotransmitter that people with
Parkinson's lack. But the patients who improved on placebo experienced a similar dopamine surge. A
related study found that fake analgesics could boost the brain's own pain-fighting mechanisms. In both
cases, the placebo response was not an imaginary lessening of symptoms but an objective, measurable
change in brain chemistry.
Placebos are just the beginning. Mounting evidence suggests that any number of soothing emotional
experiences can improve our physical health. At Duke University, researchers have found that religious
observance is associated with lower rates of illness and hospitalization. In studies of HIV-positive men,
researchers at UCLA have found that optimism is associated with stronger immune-cell function. And
research at Harvard suggests that the "relaxation response"--the deep sense of calm we can achieve
through yoga, prayer or simple deep-breathing exercises--can help counter the effects of chronic stress.
We now believe that the body produces more nitric oxide when deeply relaxed, and that this molecule
acts as an antidote to cortisol and other potentially toxic stress hormones.
Can we teach ourselves to be healthier? That is the central question of mind-body medicine, and the
answer is not an unqualified yes. Stressful life circumstances are sometimes inescapable (no one
chooses poverty or discrimination). Heredity and temperament leave some of us more stress-prone than
others. And prayer is clearly no substitute for penicillin or a decent diet. Yet mind-body techniques can
improve almost anyone's quality of life. Meditation may not cure cancer, but by alleviating fear and
softening the side effects of treatment, it leaves many patients feeling less victimized. Stress-related
illness often defies conventional remedies, and when we persist with high-tech pills and procedures, the
costs of treatment can easily outweigh the benefits. Mind-body medicine offers a saner starting place. If it
fulfills half its promise, it could reduce medical costs while improving our health and our lives. And
whatever its limitations, it has the advantage of doing no harm.
ELEMENTOS VISUALES
Elemento visual
Ttulo
Epgrafe
Fechas
Nombres de
personas
Tipografas
Nmeros
cardinales
Nmeros ordinales
21st-century; hace referencia a la nueva visin de la ciencia
Fuente
THE DAILY BEAST/ In Newsweek Magazine
SUSTANTIVOS
Rengln
Sustantivo
Marcador
Oil
Scientist
Rubbiring
Parkinsons disease
Questions
11
Thoughs
Por el adjetivo
demostrativo that y por
la pluralizacin s
13
Connection
14
Emotion
17
Brain
21
Effort
23
Organization
25
Hospitals
Por la pluralizacin s
CONECTORES
Rengln
1 idea
Conector
2 idea
So
El frotamiento
comienza
To
Agarrar un lpiz
10
And
Lo taparon
11
Los pensamientos
And
13
Then
Sentimientos
La relacin entre emocin
este reportaje?
y salud es ms
importante.
17
Afectan nuestra
salud
Just as
La obesidad o el estado
fsico
17
El cerebro
As
20
El reto es trazar
mapas de los
caminos que.
La mayora de los
expertos lo
desestim
Antes lo
desestimaron como
un auto-engao
And
As
Un auto-engao
But
No fue una
disminucin
imaginaria
Orar no sustituye a
la penicilina ni a una
buena dieta.
But
Un cambio medible en la
qumica cerebral
Yet
45
46
53
65
ELEMENTOS REFERENCIALES
Rengln
Elemento
Referencial
Se refiere a
20
Them
25
Their
Los hospitales
29
Them
They
Theyd
31
37
Theyre
Los investigadores
46
Themselves
La gente enferma
46
Theyre
48
Their
67
It
La meditacin
71
Its
71
It
La medicina fsica-mental
42