Energy Balancein Reactive System

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

Highlight previous lectures

Heat of Formation
Heat of Combustion
Performed energy balance for reactive system

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

Previous lecture
Heat of reaction
r = product - reactant
EXO: r (T, P): -ve and ENDO: r (T, P): +ve
r nearly independent of pressure r (T)
Value depends on the stoich. Equations
Value of heat of reaction dep. on the phases of
reactants and products
Standard heat of reaction or - reactants and
products at a specified reference temperature and
3
pressure

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

* Hesss Law
* General statement of Hesss Law
If the stoich. Equation of for rxn 1 can be obtained by
algebraic operations on stoich. of reaction 2, 3 .. Then

the heat of reaction or 1 can be obtained by performing

the same operations on the heats of reactions or 2,
or 3

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

* Standards heat of formation of = enthalpy changes

when 1 mole of compound formed at a reference
temperature and pressure (in our text 25oC and 1 atm)
* Heat of reaction from heat of formation:

i H
i

fi

i H
products

fi

i H
reactants

fi

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

* Today lecture
* Standards heat of formation: example to find heat of
reaction from heats of formation
* Heats of Combustion
* Energy Balances on Reactive Process
- General procedures

EXAMPLE 1
* Determination of heats of reaction from heats of formation
Determine the standard heat of reaction for the following reaction:
Na2CO3 (s) + 2Na2S (s) + 4SO2(g) 3 Na2S2O3 (s) + CO2 (g)

Solution

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

* Heats of Combustion
* Standard heat of combustion oC , heat of combustion of substance with
oxygen to yield CO2(g) and H2O(l); both reactants and products are at
25oC and 1 atm.
* Table B.1 lists out the standard heats of combustion
* Tabulated data based on the assumption:
* all carbon forms CO2(g)
* all hydrogen forms H2O(g)
* all sulfur forms SO2(g)
* all nitrogen forms NO2(g)

* Example from Table B.1

8

Heat of combustion for glycerol = ?

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

* Heats of Combustion (cont.)
* Can be used to determine heat of reaction - when involve only
combustible substances and combustion products
* To determine the heat of reaction, use the tabulated data for heats
of combustion

H r i ( H c) i
o

reactants

( H c) i
o

( H
i

c i

products

10

EXAMPLE 2
* Calculation of a Heat of Reaction from Heats of Combustion
Calculate the standard heat of reaction for the dehydrogenation of ethane:
C2H6 C2H4 + H2

SOLUTION

From Table B.1

* To determine the heat of reaction, use the tabulated data for heats of combustion

(oc )C2H6 = -1559.9 kJ/mol

(oc )C2H4 = -1411.0 kJ/mol
(oc )H2

= -285.84 kJ/mol
11

EXAMPLE 2

H o r i ( H o c) i
i

reactants

( H o c) i

( H o c) i

products

H o r 1559.9 ( 1410.99) ( 285.84) kJ/mol

H o r 136.93 kJ/mol

12

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

One principal application, determine heat of formation for

combustible substance whose formation reaction do not occur

naturally:
5 C (s) +6 H2 (g) C5H12(l) : of = ?

* (of)C5H12(l) can be determine by using the heat of combustion

(experimental) of carbon, hydrogen and pentane:(of ) C5H12 (l) = 5 (oc ) C (s) + 6 (oc ) H2 - (oc ) C5H12 (l)

13

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

Procedures
Generally it is the same as the procedures used in solving the energy
balances for the non-reactive system:
- FLOWCHART!
- MATERIAL BALANCES TO DETERMINE STREAM COMPONENTS
- REFERENCE STATES
- INLET-OUTLET ENTHALPY TABLE

- CALCULATE H

- SOLVE THE ENERGY BALANCES BY INCORPORATING THE HEAT

OF REACTION INTO THE EQUATION

14

ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION

Generally, the energy balance equation for any process unit is
given as:

Input + Generation - Output - Consumption = Accumulation

Enters
through
system
boundaries

Produced
within
system only
for reactive
system (+) or
(-)

Leaves
through
system
boundaries

Consumed
within
system only
for reactive
system

Buildup within
system only for
transient operation

15

CONCLUSION

You have learn:

Calculate heat of reaction using heat of formation and heat of
combustion.
Energy balance Equation for reactive system

16