Chapter 4--Plasma Membrane

1. What is the outer boundary of the cell? (p. 66)

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1. cell wall
2. plasma membrane
3. nuclear membrane
4. endoplasmic reticulum
5. nucleolus

2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an animal plasma membrane? (pp. 56, 66)
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1. provides mechanical strength

2. provides mechanical shape
3. responsible for the synthesis of ATP
4. largely responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis
5. regulates passage of molecules into and out of the cell

3. Which of the following describes the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure? (p. 66)
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1. phospholipid monolayer with embedded proteins

2. phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
3. phospholipid trilayer with embedded proteins
4. triglyceride bilayer with embedded proteins
5. triglyceride monolayer with embedded proteins

4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the plasma membrane structure? (p. 66)
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1. Protein molecules may be partially or wholly embedded.

2. Protein molecules are localized toward one side of the cell.
3. Phospholipids form a bilayer.
4. Phospholipids have a fluid consistency.
5. The head of the phospholipid molecule is attracted toward water.

5. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the phospholipid molecules in the plasma
membrane? (p. 67)
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1. Each phospholipid molecule has four nonpolar tails.

2. Each phospholipid molecule has one polar head.
3. The phospholipid heads are attracted to water.
4. The phospholipid tails are not attracted to water.
5. The phospholipid heads face outward.

6. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the phospholipid molecules in the plasma
membrane? (p. 67)
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1. The polar heads face outward.

2. The nonpolar tails face inward.

3. The polar heads are hydrophobic.
j 4. The nonpolar tails are hydrophobic.
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j 5. The phospholipids form a bilayer.
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7. Which of the following molecules would NOT be found in animal plasma membranes? (p. 67)
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1. proteins
2. phospholipids
3. glycolipids
4. cholesterols
5. nucleic acids

8. Which molecule in animal plasma membranes reduces the permeability of the membrane to most
biological molecules? (p. 67)
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1. proteins
2. phospholipids
3. glycolipids
4. cholesterol
5. nucleic acid

9. True or False. Proteins located on the external surface of the plasma membrane are held in place by
cytoskeleton filaments. (p. 67)
True
j False
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10. True or False. The various functions of the plasma membrane are carried out by the plasma
membrane proteins. (p. 67)
True
j False
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11. True or False. The basic structure of the plasma membrane is determined by the proteins present. (p.
67)
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True
False

12. True or False. Phospholipids have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. (p. 67)
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True
False

13. True or False. The phospholipid bilayer has a solid consistency. (p. 67)
True
j False
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14. Which type of protein in the plasma membrane has carbohydrate attached to it so that cells can be
recognized from each other? (p. 68)
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1. carrier protein
2. channel protein
3. cell-recognition protein
4. receptor protein
5. enzymatic protein

15. A particular protein was identified in the plasma membrane to cause organ transplant rejection. Such
a protein is considered to be a(an) ______ protein. (p. 68)
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1. carrier
2. channel
3. cell-recognition
4. receptor
5. enzymatic

16. Which protein is used to identify the cell? (p. 68)

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1. adenylate cyclase
2. MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein
3. sodium-potassium pump protein
4. chloride ion channel protein
5. hemoglobin

17. A failure of the ______ protein can result in cystic fibrosis. (p. 68)
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1. cell-recognition
2. channel
3. carrier
4. receptor
5. enzymatic

18. A ______ protein allows a particular molecule or ion to freely cross the plasma membrane as it
enters or exits the cell. (pp. 68, 70)
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1. cell-recognition
2. carrier
3. receptor
4. enzymatic
5. channel

19. A ______ protein combines with a substance and helps to move it across the membrane. (pp. 68, 70)
1. carrier
j 2. channel
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j 3. cell-recognition
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j 4. receptor
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5. enzymatic

20. A ______ protein has a specific shape such that only a particular molecule can bind to it. (pp. 68-70)
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1. enzymatic
2. receptor
3. cell-recognition
4. channel
5. carrier

21. Hormones act by attaching to _____ proteins in the plasma membrane and change the protein's shape
to bring about an intracellular response. (p. 68)
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1. receptor
2. enzymatic
3. carrier
4. channel
5. cell-recognition

22. Sodium and potassium ions are transported across the plasma membrane by a ______ protein. (pp.
68, 75)
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1. cell-recognition
2. channel
3. carrier
4. receptor
5. enzymatic

23. Pygmies are short because (p. 68)

1. they do not produce enough growth hormone.
j 2. they produce too much growth hormone.
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j 3. their plasma membrane growth hormone channel proteins cannot interact with the hormone.
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4. their plasma membrane growth hormone carrier proteins cannot interact with the hormone.
5. their plasma membrane growth hormone receptors cannot interact with the hormone.

24. A(An) ______ protein in the plasma membrane carries out metabolic reactions. (p. 68)
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1. carrier
2. receptor
3. enzymatic
4. channel
5. cell-recognition

25. Which statement best describes the plasma membrane? (p. 70)
1. It is freely permeable to all substances.
j 2. It is selectively permeable to certain substances.
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3. It is nonpermeable to all substances.

26. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the plasma membrane? (pp. 70, 75)
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1. Small noncharged molecules easily cross the membrane.

2. Lipid molecules have little difficulty in crossing the plasma membrane.
3. Negatively charged ions tend to move from inside the cell to outside the cell.
4. Positively charged ions tend to move from outside the cell to inside the cell.
5. Positive charges are usually on the inside and negative charges on the outside.

27. Which of the following is NOT an active means where molecules pass across the plasma membrane?
(pp. 70-73)
1. simple diffusion
j 2. active transport
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j 3. endocytosis
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j 4. exocytosis
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28. True or False. Lipid-soluble molecules, such as alcohols, cannot diffuse through the plasma
membrane. (p. 70)
True
j False
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29. True or False. The greater the amount of lipid in a molecule, the easier it is for that molecule to pass
through a plasma membrane. (p. 70)
True
j False
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30. True or False. The plasma membrane, because of the channel proteins, is said to be freely permeable.
(p. 70)
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True
False

31. True or False. Macromolecules can freely cross a plasma membrane. (pp. 70, 75)
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True
False

32. True or False. The plasma membrane is usually positively charged outside and negatively charged
inside. (pp. 70, 75)
True
j False
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33. Pinocytosis is a type of ______. (p. 76)

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1. endocytosis

2. exocytosis
3. active transport
j 4. simple diffusion
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j 5. facilitated diffusion
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34. ______ is the net movement of any type of molecule from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration. (p. 70)
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1. Osmosis
2. Diffusion
3. Facilitated diffusion
4. Active transport
5. Pinocytosis

35. Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to diffusion? (p. 71)
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1. Diffusion continues even after the molecules are distributed equally.

2. Diffusion is a physical process.
3. Diffusion is a passive process.
4. Molecules move from higher to lower concentration.
5. Diffusion does not necessarily require a membrane.

36. Crystals of dye, when placed in a beaker of water, eventually spread evenly throughout the water.
This is an example of ______. (p. 71)
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1. pinocytosis
2. phagocytosis
3. osmosis
4. facilitated diffusion
5. simple diffusion

37. A dye is dissolved in water. The ______ is the solute and the solvent is the ______ molecules. (p.
71)
1. water, dye
2. dye, water
j 3. dye, dye
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j 4. water, water
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38. Lipid-soluble molecules and gases enter the cell by ______. (p. 71)
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1. diffusion through the channel proteins

2. osmosis through the channel proteins
3. diffusion through the lipid bilayer
4. osmosis through the lipid bilayer
5. active transport through the lipid bilayer

39. Oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli in the lungs by the process of ______. (p. 71)

1. phagocytosis
2. active transport
j 3. osmosis
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j 4. diffusion
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j 5. facilitated diffusion
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40. Oxygen ______ the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs (relative to the surrounding blood) whereas carbon
dioxide ______ the air sacs from the blood supplying the lungs. (p. 71)
1. enters, leaves
j 2. leaves, enters
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j 3. enters, enters
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j 4. leaves, leaves
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41. Water passes into and out of cells through the ______. (p. 72)
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1. phospholipid bilayer
2. water carrier proteins
3. special water channel proteins
4. water receptor proteins
5. cell-recognition proteins

42. The diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane is called ______. (p. 72)
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1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. osmosis
4. exocytosis
5. endocytosis

43. Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a membrane and is
placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. Which of the following conditions must NOT exist
for water to enter the tube by osmosis? (p. 72)
1. A differentially permeable membrane must separate the two solutions.
2. The beaker must have less water per unit volume than in the tube.
j 3. The membrane must not permit passage of the solute.
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j 4. The membrane must permit the passage of water.
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j 5. An osmotic pressure must be present.
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44. Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially
permeable membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. What will happen to the
water? (p. 72)
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1. Water will enter the thistle tube.

2. Water will leave the thistle tube.
3. Their will be no net water movement.
4. More water will enter the thistle tube than leave the thistle tube.
5. More water will leave the thistle tube than enter the thistle tube.

45. Suppose a thistle tube containing a 5% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially
permeable membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 10% sugar solution. What will happen to the
volume in the thistle tube? (p. 72)
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1. It will decrease in volume.

2. It will increase in volume.
3. It will remain the same.
4. It will initially decrease in volume and then increase.
5. It will initially increase in volume and then decrease.

46. A 10% sugar solution will contain ______.(p. 72)

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1. 0.10 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water

2. 1.0 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water
3. 10.0 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water
4. 1.0 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water
5. 10.0 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water

47. Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially
permeable membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. Which of the following
statements is NOT correct? (p. 72)
1. As water enters the thistle tube, hydrostatic pressure builds up inside the tube.
j 2. Given enough time, the net movement of water entering the thistle tube will cease.
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j 3. Given enough time, the hydrostatic pressure will become greater than the osmotic pressure
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inside the thistle tube.
j 4. Initially, the concentration of water molecules is greater per volume outside the thistle tube
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than inside the thistle tube.
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48. Tonicity refers to the ______. (p. 72)

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1. tonic in a particular city

2. strength of a muscle contraction
3. strength of a solution in relationship to pinocytosis
4. strength of a solution in relationship to osmosis
5. strength of a solution in relationship to active transport

49. Which type of solution will have the same solute concentration on both sides of the cell membrane?
(p. 72)
1. isotonic
j 2. hypertonic
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j 3. hypotonic
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j 4. hygrotonic solution
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50. Which type of solution will cause cells to swell, or even to burst? (p. 73)
1. isotonic solution
j 2. hypotonic solution
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j 3. hypertonic solution
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j
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4. hygrotonic solution

51. Which type of solution will have a higher percentage of solute than the cell? (p. 73)
1. isotonic solution
2.
hypotonic solution
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j 3. hypertonic solution
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52. Which type of solution has a lower percentage of solute than the cell? (p. 73)
1. isotonic solution
j 2. hypotonic solution
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j 3. hypertonic solution
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53. Which type of solution will cause cells to shrink or to shrivel? (p. 73)
1. isotonic solution
j 2. hypotonic solution
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j 3. hypertonic solution
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54. Which type of solution will cause an increase in turgor pressure? (p. 73)
1. isotonic solution
j 2. hypotonic solution
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j 3. hypertonic solution
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55. Which type of pressure is responsible for the maintenance of a plant's erect position? (p. 73)
1. turgor pressure
2. osmotic pressure
j 3. active transport pressure
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j 4. pinocytotic pressure
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j 5. plasmolysis
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56. Which organelle in a plant cell fills with water as turgor pressure develops? (p. 73)
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1. nucleus
2. endoplasmic reticulum
3. Golgi apparatus
4. lysosome
5. central vacuole

57. Which structure prevents the plant cell from bursting when placed in a hypotonic solution? (p. 73)
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1. central vacuole
2. lysosome
3. Golgi apparatus
4. cell wall
5. plasma membrane

58. Which term best describes the condition of red blood cells when placed in a hypertonic solution? (p.
73)
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1. hemolysis
2. plasmolysis
3. crenation
4. turgor pressure
5. osmotic pressure

59. Which term best describes the condition of red blood cells when placed in a hypotonic solution? (p.
73)
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1. hemolysis
2. plasmolysis
3. crenation
4. turgor pressure
5. osmotic pressure

60. Which term best describes the condition of plant cells when placed in a hypertonic solution? (p. 73)
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1. hemolysis
2. plasmolysis
3. crenation
4. turgor pressure
5. osmotic pressure

61. Which of the following terms results in chloroplasts being seen in the center of a plant cell rather
than at the periphery? (p. 73)
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1. hemolysis
2. plasmolysis
3. crenation
4. turgor pressure
5. hypotonic solution

62. Which of the following solutions is isotonic to red blood cells? (p. 73)
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1. 0.5% NaCl
2. 0.9% NaCl
3. 1.5% NaCl
4. 2.5% NaCl
5. 5.5% NaCl

63. Which of the following solutions is hypotonic to red blood cells? (p. 73)
1. 0.5% NaCl
j 2. 0.9% NaCl
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j 3. 1.5% NaCl
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j 4. 2.5% NaCl
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j
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5. 5.5% NaCl

64. Which of the following solutions is hypertonic for red blood cells? (p. 73)
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1. 0.010% NaCl
2. 0.10% NaCl
3. 0.5% NaCl
4. 0.9% NaCl
5. 1.0% NaCl

65. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? (pp. 70-73)

j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. hypertonic--10% NaCl solution for RBC

2. hypotonic--0.10% NaCl solution for RBC
3. osmosis--salt crosses the membrane
4. plasma membrane proteins--functional elements
5. phospholipid bilayer--structural element

66. Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to facilitated transport? (p. 74)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

j
k
l
m
n

1. carrier proteins bind to molecules irreversibly

2. transports molecules down the concentration gradient
3. does not require ATP
4. transports molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side
5. transports molecules through the membrane much faster than simple diffusion

67. Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to facilitated transport? (p. 74)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. requires specific carrier proteins

2. transports molecules down the concentration gradient
3. requires the expenditure of energy
4. transports molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side
5. transports molecules through the membrane much faster than simple diffusion

68. True or False. Osmotic pressure is evident when there is an increased amount of water on the side of
the membrane that has the lower solute concentration. (pp. 72-73)
True
j False
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

69. True or False. Regarding osmosis, the amount of liquid increases on the side of the membrane with
the greater percentage of solute. (pp. 72-73)
True
j False
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

70. True or False. Diffusion will cease once the solute and solvent molecules are evenly distributed. (p.
71)

j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

True
False

71. True or False. Passage of molecules across the plasma membrane by passive ways involves the use
of energy. (p. 74)
True
j False
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

72. Which of the following processes uses a carrier protein and ATP? (p. 75)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. simple diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion
4. active transport
5. endocytosis

73. Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to active transport? (p. 75)
1. requires ATP
j 2. transports molecules from a high to low concentration area
k
l
m
n
j 3. requires a carrier protein
k
l
m
n
j 4. carrier proteins bind reversibly to transported substances
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

74. Upon observation of an electron micrograph, a scientist noted a large number of mitochondria near a
plasma membrane within a particular cell. The scientist would probably hypothesize that the cell used
energy for ______ purposes. (p. 75)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion
4. active transport
5. phagocytosis

75. Why are proteins involved in active transport often called "pumps"? (p. 75)
1. They use energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient.
j 2. They use energy to move a substance with its concentration gradient.
k
l
m
n
j 3. They use energy to bind the substance to the carrier.
k
l
m
n
j 4. They use energy to dislodge the substance from the carrier.
k
l
m
n
j 5. They cause the plasma membrane to invaginate like a pump that pulls up water against the
k
l
m
n
force of gravity.
j
k
l
m
n

76. Which process will transport sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside
of the cell? (p. 75)
1. simple diffusion
j 2. facilitated diffusion
k
l
m
n
j 3. osmosis
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

4. active transport
5. pinocytosis

77. The sodium-potassium pump is considered to be a(an) ______ process. (p. 75)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

j
k
l
m
n

1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. osmosis
4. pinocytotic
5. active transport

78. The passage of salt (Na+Cl-) across a plasma membrane is of primary importance in cells. Which of
the following statements is NOT correct? (p. 75)
1. Sodium ions are first pumped across the membrane.
j 2. Chloride ions then diffuse through a channel toward the sodium ions.
k
l
m
n
j 3. The negatively charged chloride ions are attracted toward the positively charged sodium
k
l
m
n
ions.
j 4. Chloride ions are first pumped across the membrane and then the sodium ions diffuse
k
l
m
n
through a channel.
j
k
l
m
n

79. Which of the following processes does NOT use a carrier protein to transport substances across the
plasma membrane? (pp. 70-75)
1. active transport
j 2. facilitated diffusion
k
l
m
n
j 3. osmosis
k
l
m
n
j 4. sodium-potassium pump
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

80. True or False. A particular carrier protein within the plasma membrane can transport any molecule
through the plasma membrane. (p. 74)
True
j False
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

81. Which of the following transport processes will form a vesicle? (p. 76)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion
3. osmosis
4. active transport
5. phagocytosis

82. Which of the following transport processes will utilize the Golgi apparatus? (p. 76)
1. osmosis
j 2. pinocytosis
k
l
m
n
j 3. phagocytosis
k
l
m
n
j 4. exocytosis
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

83. Which process is sometimes called cell drinking? (p. 76)

j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. pinocytosis
2. phagocytosis
3. exocytosis
4. endocytosis
5. active transport

84. Which of the following processes can be seen with the light microscope? (p. 76)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

j
k
l
m
n

1. active transport
2. pinocytosis
3. phagocytosis
4. osmosis
5. facilitated diffusion

85. Pinocytotic vesicles or phagocytotic vesicles often fuse with a ______ inside the cell for digestion.
(p. 76)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. mitochondrion
2. lysosome
3. Golgi apparatus
4. rough endoplasmic reticulum
5. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

86. Large amoeboid-type cells, called macrophages, remove bacteria and worn-out red blood cells by a
process called _____. (p. 76)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. facilitated diffusion
2. osmosis
3. exocytosis
4. phagocytosis
5. pinocytosis

87. The process by which a vesicle is formed at the plasma membrane to bring substances into the cell is
called ______. (p. 76)
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

1. endocytosis
2. exocytosis
3. plasmolysis
4. hemolysis
5. crenation

88. The process that requires a vesicle to fuse with the membrane,thereupon discharging its contents, is
called ______. (p. 76)
1. exocytosis
j 2. endocytosis
k
l
m
n
j 3. pinocytosis
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

4. plasmolysis
5. crenation

89. Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? (pp. 70-76)

j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n

j
k
l
m
n

1. endocytosis--entering by sac
2. exocytosis--leaving by sac
3. active transport--against the gradient
4. facilitated diffusion--with the gradient
5. hypotonic solution--cells shrivel

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