SCIENCE CHINA

Mathematics

. ARTICLES .

April 2013 Vol. 56 No. 4: 737744

doi: 10.1007/s11425-013-4579-z

Tensor products of ideal codes over Hopf algebras

GARCIA-RUBIRA J. M. & LOPEZ-RAMOS

J. A.
Department of Algebra and Analysis, University of Almeria, Almeria 04120, Spain
Email: jrubira@gmail.com, jlopez@ual.es
Received July 7, 2011; accepted June 5, 2012; published online March 1, 2013

Abstract We study indecomposable codes over a family of Hopf algebras introduced by Radford. We use
properties of Hopf algebras to show that tensors of ideal codes are ideal codes, extending the corresponding
result that was previously given in the case of Taft Hopf algebras and showing the dierences with that case.
Keywords
MSC(2010)

Radford Hopf algebra, ideal code, tensor product of ideals

97E10, 16T05

Citation: Garca-Rubira J M, L
opez-Ramos J A. Tensor products of ideal codes over Hopf algebras. Sci China
Math, 2013, 56: 737744, doi: 10.1007/s11425-013-4579-z

Introduction

The more mathematical structure one can add to a system the more information and a better description
can be obtained. A clear example of this occurs with algebraic codes. Linearity on a code implies, among
other things that one has not to compute all distances between every pair of codewords. If the code is also
cyclic, then we get fast encoding/decoding, etc. As Berman observed in [1], cyclic codes and Reed-Muller
codes can be seen as ideals in the group ring KG (where K is a nite eld and G is a nite cyclic group).
This fact has led many authors to the study of codes from a point of view of Ring Theory (cf. [3] for
instance). Recently, Wood in [9] and [10] has stated the suitability of Frobenius rings when studing codes
over a nite ring. More precisely, he showed that a nite Frobenius ring is characterized by the fact of
allowing the Extension Theorem for linear codes. One example of such rings are nite-dimensional Hopf
algebras. In [4] the authors characterized all indecomposable codes over an important family of Hopf
algebras: Taft Hopf algebras. Codes in such a family of Hopf algebras are shown to be a concatenation
of cyclic codes in KZn . An application of identifying the concatenation of (ideal) codes with an (ideal)
code in a bigger algebra is that we can describe easily duals and tensor products of such codes. To do
so, dual and tensor product of (ideal) codes are equipped with an additional module structure given by
the antipode and the comultiplication of the underlying Hopf algebra respectively. In [5] the authors
considered a larger family of Hopf algebras, known as Radford Hopf algebras, that contains the rst one.
They give a decomposition theorem relating these two families of Hopf algebras and using it, duals of
indecomposable ideal codes are characterized. These new results extend those in [4], showing that these
codes are also concatenation of cyclic codes in a bigger algebra.
Our aim in this paper is to study the behavior of tensor products of indecomposable ideal codes
in Radford Hopf algebras. We recall that a linear code is an error-correcting code where any linear
Corresponding

author

c Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013



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SCIENCE CHINA
Mathematics

. ARTICLES .

October 2012 Vol. 55 No. 10: 20672080

doi: 10.1007/s11425-012-4437-4

From projective representations to

quasi-quantum groups
HUANG HuaLin
School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Email: hualin@sdu.edu.cn
Received September 28, 2010; accepted February 8, 2012; published online July 25, 2012

Abstract This is a contribution to the project of quiver approaches to quasi-quantum groups. We classify
Majid bimodules over groups with 3-cocycles by virtue of projective representations. This leads to a theoretic
classication of graded pointed Majid algebras over path coalgebras, or equivalently cofree pointed coalgebras,
and helps to provide a projective representation-theoretic description of the gauge equivalence of graded pointed
Majid algebras. We apply this machinery to construct some concrete examples and obtain a classication of
nite-dimensional graded pointed Majid algebras with the set of group-likes equal to the cyclic group of order 2.
Keywords
MSC(2010)

Majid algebra, projective representation, Hopf quiver

16T05, 20C25, 16G20

Citation: Huang H L. From projective representations to quasi-quantum groups. Sci China Math, 2012, 55(10):
20672080, doi: 10.1007/s11425-012-4437-4

Introduction

The notion of quasi-Hopf algebras was introduced in [9] by Drinfeld and has been playing important roles
in various areas of mathematics and physics since its appearance. The axioms of quasi-Hopf algebras
are not self-dual, so there is a dual notion, that is the so-called dual quasi-Hopf algebra formulated rst
by Majid in [20]. Dual quasi-Hopf algebras are also called Majid algebras after Shnider-Sternberg [27].
According to Drinfelds philosophy of quantum groups [8], these two mutually dual notions can be unied
into the notion of quasi-quantum groups.
The goal of this paper is to classify some interesting classes of quasi-quantum groups and their representations. Since the classication problem of general quasi-quantum groups is still very complicated,
we focus on elementary (i.e., nite-dimensional and the simple modules of the underlying algebras are
1-dimensional) quasi-Hopf algebras and pointed (i.e., the simple comodules of the underlying coalgebras are 1-dimensional) Majid algebras. In this situation we can take advantage of the well-developed
representation theory of algebras (see for example [3]), especially the quiver techniques.
A quiver setting for quasi-quantum groups is provided in [15]. It is shown that a systematic study of
elementary quasi-Hopf algebras or pointed Majid algebras, in particular the classication problem and
the associated representation theory, can be carried out eectively in this framework. Under our quiver
setting the study of elementary quasi-Hopf algebras can be included in that of pointed Majid algebras,
so we always work on the latter only. The present paper is devoted to this quiver classication project
of pointed Majid algebras.
c Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012


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SCIENCE CHINA
Mathematics

. ARTICLES .

May 2011 Vol. 54 No. 5: 877906

doi: 10.1007/s11425-011-4165-1

Projections of weak braided Hopf algebras

ALONSO ALVAREZ
Jose Nicanor1, , FERNANDEZ
VILABOA Jose Manuel2 ,

GONZALEZ
RODRIGUEZ Ramon3 & SONEIRA CALVO Carlos4
1Departamento

de Matem
aticas, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain;

de Alxebra,
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15771, Spain;
3Departamento de Matem
atica Aplicada II, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo E-36310, Spain;
4Departamento de Matem
aticas, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo E-36004, Spain

2Departamento

Email: jnalonso@uvigo.es, josemanuel.fernandez@usc.es, rgon@dma.uvigo.es, carlos.soneira@uvigo.es

Received June 4, 2010; accepted November 26, 2010; published online February 15, 2011

Abstract In this paper we study the projections of weak braided Hopf algebras using the notion of YetterDrinfeld module associated with a weak braided Hopf algebra. As a consequence, we complete the study of
the structure of weak Hopf algebras with a projection in a braiding setting obtaining a categorical equivalence
between the category of weak Hopf algebra projections associated with a weak Hopf algebra H living in a
braided monoidal category and the category of Hopf algebras in the non-strict braided monoidal category of
left-left Yetter-Drinfeld modules over H.
Keywords
weak Yang-Baxter operator, Yetter-Drinfeld module, weak (braided) Hopf algebra, weak Hopf
algebra projection
MSC(2000):

16W30, 18D10, 16T05, 16T25, 81R50

Citation: Alonso Alvarez

J N, Fern
andez Vilaboa J M, Gonz
alez Rodrguez R, et al. Projections of weak braided
Hopf algebras. Sci China Math, 2011, 54(5): 877906, doi: 10.1007/s11425-011-4165-1

Introduction

Let H be a Hopf algebra in a category of modules over a commutative ring R and suppose that H , H ,
H , H , H denote the unit, the product, the counit, the coproduct, and the antipode respectively of H.
Let (B, f, g) be a Hopf algebra projection of H, i.e., B is a Hopf algebra, f : H B and g : B H
are morphisms of Hopf algebras and g f = idH . It is well known by the work of Radford [21] that
B is isomorphic as a Hopf algebra to a crossed product of BH and H where BH is obtained as the
equalizer of (idB g) B and idB H . Moreover, BH admits a Hopf algebra structure in the braided
monoidal category of left-left Yetter-Drinfeld modules for H (denoted by H
H YD). On the other hand,
YD,
the
tensor
product
B
=
D

H
has
a
Hopf algebra structure and
if D is a Hopf algebra in H
H
(B, f = D idH , g = D idH ) is a Hopf algebra projection such that (D H)H  D as Hopf algebras
in H
H YD. These constructions are mutually inverse and establish a one to one correspondence between
the set of isomorphisms classes of Hopf algebras in H
H YD and the set of Hopf algebra projections of H.
The Hopf algebra D H is usually denoted by D> H and it is called the Radford biproduct or, in the
language of Majid, the bosonization of D [17].
Corresponding

author

c Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011



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