Coal Petroleum

1.

Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible resources?

Fossil fuel are exhaustible resources because they will be human activities as they are limited in nature

2.

How petroleum is formed. Why it is called black gold?

It is a dark oily liquid with an unpleasant odour and it is a mixture hydrocarbons.
The crude oil pumped out from a well is black in colour liquid. Because of its importance in todays world; it is
referred to as black gold

3.

Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable resources, giving two example of each.
renewable which can be renewed.eg water, forest
nonrenewable-which cannot be renewed petroleum, coal

4.

Name the black, thick liquid with an unpleasant smell and write one use of it.
Coal tar, manufacture of synthetic dyes, drugs

5.
6.

Distinguish between exhaustible and inexhaustible resources.

Exhaustible resources-Which are available in limited amount in nature and will be exhausted by human
activities
Inexhaustible resources-Which are present in unlimited quantities in nature and not likely to be exhausted by
human activities
Why do coal and petroleum be used judiciously? Give three reasons
Stocks limited, burning causes pollution, linked to global warming, last for only few years

7.

Classify as exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources: Air, sunlight, forest, and coal.

8.
9.

Coal, sunlight, water, forest

Coal &Forest-Exhaustible
Water & Sunlight- inexhaustible
Why are fossil fuel s non renewable sources of energy?
Fossil fuels non-renewable sources of energy because once exhausted cannot be
renewed in a short period of time
Name the process of heating the coal in absence of air.
Carbonisation

happens when coal is heated in absence of air? Name the products obtained during
10. What
this process and also mention the name of the process.

14.

Different products such as coal gas, coke & coal tar are formed.
Name of the process- destructive distillation
Define destructive distillation .Name the residue formed by the destructive distillation of
coal.
Destructive distillation is the process of heating a substance in absence of air. Coke is
formed by destructive distillation of coal
After the processing of coal, three products are formed. Name these products and their
uses.
Coke, coal tar and coal gas. Uses
Explain the process of refining the petroleum? Give the uses of any four fractions of
petroleum.
The process of separating the fraction by fractional distillation is known as refining of
petroleum
What is petroleum?
It is a dark oily liquid with an unpleasant odour and it is a mixture hydrocarbons.

15.

What are petrochemicals?

Useful substances obtained from petroleum and natural gas

11.
12.
13.

is the refining of petroleum?

16. What
The process of separating the various constituents/ fractions of petroleum is called the

17.

refining of petrole
Name the process of obtaining the different fraction of petroleum.

18.

Fractional Distillation/Refining of petroleum

Name the petroleum product used in dry-cleaning.
Petrol

19.

What is destructive distillation of coal?

destructive distillation is the process of heating the substance in absence or limited
supply of air.

20.

Write two advices given by PCRA for saving petrol & diesel.
1. Drive at constant and moderate speed as far as possible.
2.Switch off engine at traffic lights. Or any other

21.

Mention one use of each:

Petrol-It is used as motor fue and solvent for dry cleaning.
Coke-Used as fuel and reducing agent in the extraction of metals.
LPG-It is used as domestic and industrial fuel.
Diesel
-It is used as fuel for heavy motor vehicles and generator
Coal Tar-It is used in surfacing of road and in making of paints.
CNG-CNG is used for power generation and as a non polluting fuel for transport vehicles.
Write two harmful effect of using of fossil fuel
Burning of fossil fuel causes air pollution and global warming.

22.

a labelled diagram of petroleum and natural gas deposits.

23. Draw
Diagram
the full form of:
24. Write
PCRA -Petroleum Conservation Research association
CNG-Compressed Natural Gas.
LPG- Liquefied petroleum Gas

Combustion& Flame

1.

What are combustible substances? Give two examples.

The substances which burn in air are called combustible substances.

2.

What are incombustible substances? Give two examples.

The substances does not burn in air are called incombustible substances example

3.

What is fuel? Give two examples. Is there any fuel considered to be an ideal fuel? Write two characteristics
of good fuel. Fuel is a substance which on burning produces heat and light.
e.g Kerosene,LPG
No, easily available, high calorific value, cheap(any three)

4.

Write the characteristics of a good fuel

easily available, high heat capacity, transportation easy, environment friendly

5.

Classify the given fuel in to solid, liquid and gas: CNG, kerosene, wood, LPG, petrol and coal gas.
i. Solid-, wood
ii. liquid kerosene, petrol
iii. gas: CNG, , LPG, and coal gas.

6.

What are the essential requirements for producing fire? Give one example of each.
I.
Presence of combustible substance,
II.
supply of air,
III.
attainment on ignition temperature

7.

Why does different substance catch fire at different temperature?

8.
9.

Different substance have different ignition temperature

Why does a match stick not catch fire on its own at room temperature?
The match stick does not catch fire because its ignition temperature is higher than
room temperature.
What is difference between burning of a coal and burning of alcohol?
Candle burns with flame, coal burns without flame.

10. When the clothes of a person catch fire we covered with a blanket, why.
The supply of oxygen is cut off;so the fire is put off.
calorific value of fuel and write its unit.
11. Define
calorific Value
Unit- KJ/Kg
is it dangerous to burn fuel in a closed room?
12. Why
Incomplete combustion of fuel produces carbon monoxide which is highly poisonous.
the three different types of combustion and give one example of each.
13. Mention
a. Rapid combustion burning of phosphorus

14.

b. Spontaneous combustion forest fire

c. Explosion burning of crackers
Why is LPG considered a better fuel than wood?
LPG is a clean fuel and has high calorific value.

15. What are the advantages of using natural gas as a fuel.

Natural gas is a clean fuel it does not pollute the environment. It is economically cheap. have low
ignition temperature

an experiment 20 kg of fuel was completely burnt. The heat produced was measured to be 180,000
16. In
KJ.Calculate the calorific value of fuel.
9000KJ
are the three essential requirements for producing fire?
17. What
Fuel-a combustible material,
air-to supply oxygen,
heat-to raise the temp. of fuel or ignition temperature

18. List different method by which a fire can be extinguished.

19. When the clothes of a person catch fire we covered with a blanket, why.
The supply of oxygen is cut off; so the fire is put off.
type of fire extinguisher is used for the following? Also give the reasons for the same:
20. Which
a)Fires involving wood and paper
CO2 type as CO2 heavier than air
b) Fires involving electrical equipment and inflammable substances
covers fire like a blanket, does not harm equipment
Water cools combustible material, water vapor surround combustible material helping in cutting supply of
air.

21. What are the advantages of using natural gas as a fuel.

Natural gas is a clean fuel it does not pollute the environment. It is economically cheap. have low
ignition temperature
22. How is burning of fossil fuels thought to be related to global warming?
breaks out in your house, the first thing is to call the fire service. Which telephone number will you
23. ifdiala fire
to call the fire service?
101

24. Define calorific value. In an experiment 9g of a fuel was burnt. The heat
produced was measured to be 180,000 kJ. Calculate the calorific value of the
fuel.
25. Draw a labeled diagram to show the different zones of a flame.
Which is the hottest and coolest zone of a flame?
Why does the middle zone of the flame glow with yellow colour?

26. Which type of fire extinguisher is used for the following? Also give the reasons for the same:
A fire involving electrical equipment and inflammable substances CO2 type as CO2 heavier than air,
covers fire like a blanket, does not harm equipment.
Fires involving wood and paper
Water

Synthetic Fibre

1.

2.

What are polymers? Give one example.

Many small units combined to form single unit called polymer
E.g-Cellulose, plastic (any one)
Why rayon is called artificial silk?
Because it look like a silk and used in place of silk
Although is rayon is made from wood pulp, which is natural source, yet it is called artificial silk.
Why?
Rayon is obtained by chemical treatment of wood pulp.
Silk fibre texture is beautiful but it is not as popular as rayon. Justify the statement
Cheaper, can be dyed in variety of colours

3.
4.
5.

Name the first fully synthetic fibre made. Why does become more popular?
Nylon, Because it is strong, elastic & easily dries.

6.

Why nylon is used for making parachutes?

Because it is very strong, elastic & light

7.

Rayon is more popular than silk. Justify the statement.

Easily available, cheaper, can be dyed in variety of colors

8.

Write the composition of poly-cot and poly-wool.

Polyester+ cotton & Polyester+ wool

9.

Polyester Write one disadvantage of synthetic fibres.

Or
Why should we not synthetic clothes in the kitchen?
They melt of heating and stick to body of the person.
What is polyester? Name the monomer from which it is made.
Polyester is made by the polymerisation of repeated units of ester.

10.

the two types of fibres. Give one example of each.

11. Name
Natural-cotton.
Synthetic-Polyester.
What is the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic.
Thermoplastic The plastic which can be moulded again and again and have resale value
Thermosetting plastic- These plastics can be moulded and set only ones, do not have resale value
Why are sauce pan made of thermo-setting plastic and combs made of thermo plastics?
Thermo-setting plastics do not get deformed easily and cannot be softened easily. Eg. Bakelite.

12.
13.

Thermo plastics get deformed easily on heating and easily bend.

do electrical wires have plastic covering?
14.Why
They are poor conductor of electricity.
do electrical wires have plastic covering?
15.Why
They are poor conductor of electricity.

16.Why are plastic containers used to store pickles?

Do not corrode easily and do not react with pickle.

should we not use plastic as far as possible?
17.Why
Soil pollution, blockage of drains, choking of sewer lines
though plastic are very useful, yet they are not environment friendly .Justify
18.Even
Plastics are very useful, but their dispose is a big problem. They are non-biodegradable and take many year
to decompose. They release a lot of poisonous fumes, when burnt they cause environmental problem
plastic as far as possible. Comment on this advice.
19.Avoid
Soil pollution, blockage of drains, choking of sewer lines (any three).
Name two synthetic fibres. Give one use of each.
20.
Polythene is a thermoplastic. What does this mean?
two examples to show that plastics are used in health-care industry
21.Give
Used for packing tablets, stitching wounds, syringes, doctors gloves
Why terelyene clothes are superior to cotton clothes.
22.
Terelyene clothes are superior to cotton clothes.
Because do not get wrinkled easily, are easy to wash &easy to maintain.
Why melamine is used for making utensils.
Melamine resists fire and can tolerate heat better than other plastics .So, it is used
for making utensils.

23.

Why should not wear synthetic clothes while cooking in the kitchen. Explain.
24.
They melt of heating and stick to body of the person.
Write four characteristics of synthetic fibres.
25.
will you differentiate between biodegradable and non- biodegradable substances?
26.How
Biodegradable -Decomposed through natural processes, e.g. cow dung
Non-Biodegradable Dont get decomposed through natural processes, e.g. plastic
Mention four problem associated with disposal of plastic

27.
State four important properties of plastics.
28.
Plastics can be recycled,reused,coloured , melted, rolled into sheets or made into wires
A responsible citizen must develop environment friendly habits most of which start
29.
with R. What are they and which one is considered the best and why?
Draw different arrangement of units in a polymer plastic.
30.
Diagram of linear & cross linked structure
Plastic is not environment friendly. It should be used by us very carefully. Give reason
31.
and alternative for the same.
Write one use of each of the following
32.
Teflon, Bakelite, Nylon & Rayon
two uses to show that plastics are non-corrosive in nature.
33.Give
Used to store food, chemicals, do not react with air and water
two disadvantages of synthetic fibres
34.Write
Disadvantages-non-biodegradable, melts on heating, sticks to the body
two advantages of synthetic fibres.
35.Write
Advantages-Cheaper can be dyed in variety of colors.
any two advantages of plastic?
36.Write
Advantages-Cheaper can be dyed in variety of colors.
are the disadvantages of plastic? Write any two.
37.What
Disadvantages-non-biodegradable, animals swallows.