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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
Some students get difficulties in English lesson, especially for writing
subject. The students getting hard in linking some information after study. In
the end of study some teachers give the task for student to make a conclusion of
lesson that they have been learned by making summarizing and paraphrasing to
help student collecting information in writing process. Summarising and
paraphrasing are essential skills for academic writing and in particular, the
critical review. To summarise means to reduce a text to its main points and its
most important ideas. The length of your summary for a critical review should
only be about one quarter to one third of the whole critical review. The best
way to summarise is to scan the text, Locate the topic sentence, highlight the
main points as you read, and Reread the text and make separate notes of the
main point.
Based on the description above, the writing aims to find out some
advantages of summarizing and paraphrasing for the students, especially in
writing skills effect at reflection activity in the end process of study. Some
students who make some note of summarizing in their lesson get high memory
of their learning and they can develop their idea in writing activity.
ESL, the present study will attempt to study the effectiveness of teaching
summary writing skills to these students.
Furthermore, the writer assumes that summarizing and paraphrasing
activities can increase the students writing skill.
1.2
1.3
Assumption
The assumption relating to the topic is as follows:
1. Paraphrasing and summarizing significant roles in recall the students
memory after study.
2. Paraphrasing and summarizing influences the learners capability in
writing skill.
1.4
Problem Statement
The research will be conducted to reveal the answer for the following
question:
1. What is the students problem to get the interest the writing subject?
2. How does students writing skill increase by using summarizing and
paraphrasing?
1.5
grade of English
1.7
Research Method
The study will use the qualitative approach. Creswell (2009:4) states that
qualitative research is a means for exploring and understanding the meaning
individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.
The population of this study will be the 2nd year students of English
Department- STKIP Garut and be narrowed to some students as the sample.
The main instruments in collecting data are unstructured interview to the
objects of this research and set out the oral test to find out how good the
objects conception using summarizing and paraphrasing activities in their
writing study.
1.8
Significance of Research
This research is intended:
Definition of Terminology
The operational definition of terms used follows:
1. Hood (2008) noted that the process of changing wording seems to be
complex when students have to present the same meaning in some other
way.
2. Ismail &Maasum (2009) noted that paraphrase passages has effectively
hindered their writing skills and ability to express themselves.
3. Hare and Borchardt (1984) noted that teachers when teaching summary
writing tasks must ensure that students are able to take charge of their own
writing tasks. As such, teachers must take the time to make explanations
clear and model task-specific behaviours, as well as, coping behaviours.
Month
No.
Activities
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Aug
1 2 3 41 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1.
Reporting
Title.
2.
Approved
Title
3.
Make
Proposal
4.
Seminar of
Proposal
5.
Reporting
Chapter I
6.
Revision
7.
Reporting
Chapter II
8.
Revision
9.
Reporting
Chapter III
10.
Revision
11.
Going
Research
12.
Processing
Data
13.
Research
Finding
14.
Conclusion
&
Suggestion
15.
Reporting
Chapter
IV, V
16.
Revision
17.
Reporting
Final Draft
CHAPTER II
REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter explores the literary review added with some references:
2.1
Introduction
In schools that beat the odds, teachers make overt connections among grades,
lessons, courses, academic goals, and life . Ask students to recall what they have
learned about quoting, paraphrasing, citing sources and plagiarism in previous
grades. Help students see that the in-text citation they will learn today is an
extension of the list of Works Cited (or bibliography) they have already learned to
use at the end of a research report. Point out that their future educational and career
goals will involve incorporating others ideas into their own writing, and avoiding
plagiarism will be vital to their reputations. As they progress in school and career,
they will be held to an increasingly higher standard. Explain that paraphrasing,
summarizing and incorporating quotations are skills to be learned and developed
and that they will have an opportunity to improve their skills today.
In psychology writing, paraphrasing and summarizing are key skill. Sentences
in articles often have several references; this is because your assertion can be
supported by several writers (in other words, you have paraphrased or summarized
what they said, because you need to cite the authorities to help make your argument
more convincing). See, for example:
A core assumption of trait theory is the existence of relatively stable trait attributes
of individuals that predict their behavior across time and situations (Johnson, 1997;
Kenrick & Funder, 1988). For example, in their Five-Factor Theory, McCrae and
Costa (1996) proposed that the Big Five dimensions of Extraversion,
Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience are
universal and heritable dimensions that should predict relevant behavior in all
A key part of paraphrasing well is that the students should only describe
(paraphrase) the elements of a article that are important for your own essays main
point. This is also stated by the Wisconsin handout on p. 3, in the second point, Be
selective, of the General Advice on paraphrasing. When you are paraphrasing, you
will be least likely to plagiarize if you ONLY paraphrase the parts that are most
relevant for your own paper. Theres no need to tell your reader all the details of
everything in the article youre describing.
2.2
Theoretical Review
2.2.1 Summarizing an experimental report
Summarizing such texts requires adequate understanding of the
experimental methods and discussions. In such articles usually the report
follows the order:
Purpose
Method
Results
Conclusion
Suppose you were assigned the text Black tea soothes away stress.
In this part of the handout we will try the outlining method to illustrate how it
is used. You can use the Cornell method if you like too.
Read the text very carefully to understand
10
The following table illustrates the notes made by a student. Notice phrases are
used instead of full sentences.
Black tea soothes away stress
Method:
11
12
b). Identify the main points and underline them in the text or list them on a
piece of paper.
2.3
13
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methodology that the writer use to identify the
implementing method of telling summarizing and paraphrasing activities toward tudents
skill. This chapter divided into five explanation about research design, population and
sample, research variables, data collection technique and analysis technique.
3.1
Research Design
In conducting this research, the writer will use qualitative method. Creswell
(2009:4) qualitative research is a means for exploring and understanding the
meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. Therefore, in
this research, the writer will observe the effect of summarizing and paraphrasing
activities toward students writing skill.
3.2
14
3.3
Research Variables
According to Creswell (2009) a variable refers to a characteristics or attribute
of an individual or an organization that can be measured or observed and that varies
among the people or organization being studied. In this case, the variables will
focus on the second grade students of English education program of STKIP- Garut.
This research will use the variables in which characteristic refers to an
individual that can be observed among the people being studied. In this case, the
people will be some students of English Education Program. Therefore, the writer
summarizing and paraphrasing as the X variable or independent variable and
writing skill as the Y variable or dependent variable. In this case, summarizing and
paraphrasing as an independent variable which can influence writing skill as
dependent variable which will be caused or influenced by the independent variable.
3.4
3.5
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