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Experiment
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PREFACE
The laboratory of each and every subject taught in the degree of Bachelors in Electrical
Engineering is of very much importance in every University. Fully equipped laboratory meeting
the industrial demands under the supervision of qualified, talented and practically motivated lab
assistants and lab engineers is also a basic criterion of the Pakistan Engineering Council. This
Manual has been formulated considering all these above mentioned points.
With Regards
Engr. Hafiz Sikandar
.
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.1
Single Phase uncontrolled Rectifier
Objective :
i)
Practically analyze the networking and the performance of a single phase rectifier
Equipment :
AC supply ,a diode(1N4007) ,resistor(1k),Oscilloscope, DMM, connecting wires
R1
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is 10 peak voltage
at frequency of 50 HZ.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure.
3. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveforms
observed on oscilloscope.
4. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
Performance parameters :
1. Peak output voltage =Vm=-----------2. Average value of output voltage =Vdc=0.318*Vm=-------------3. RMS value of output voltage =Vrms=0.5* Vm=--------------4. RMS value of output current =Irms=Vrms/R=-----------------5. Output DC power =Pdc=Vdc*Idc=-------------------6. Output AC power =Pac =Vrms*Irms=----------------7. Secondary RMS voltage of Transformer or the Source=Vs=-------------8. Secondary RMS current of Transformer or the Source=Irms=-------------9. Secondary AC power supplied by Transformer or the Source=Ps= Irms*Vs=-------------10. Peak Secondary current of Transformer or the Source=Im=Vm/R=--------------
Evaluate the following parameter (also write down the required formulae) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rectifier efficiency = =----------------------Form factor=------------------Ripple factor=-----------------Transformer or source utilization factor(TUF)=-------------Crest factor(CF) of input current i=--------------Input power factor=--------------
Comment :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.2
Single Phase uncontrolled Rectifier
Objective :
i)
ii)
Equipment :
AC supply ,a diode(1N4007) , a bridge ,resistors(1k), inductor coil(10mH)
Oscilloscope, DMM, connecting wires.
Arrange the circuit as shown in figure 2.an inductive load is added to circuit .
D1
1N4007
R1
V1
Vp
50 Hz
0
L1
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is peak voltage at
frequency of 50 HZ.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure.
3. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveforms
observed on oscilloscope.
4. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
Performance parameters :
1. Peak output voltage =Vm=-----------2. Average value of output voltage =Vdc=0.318*Vm=-------------3. RMS value of output voltage =Vrms=0.5* Vm=--------------4. RMS value of output current =Irms=Vrms/R=-----------------5. Output DC power =Pdc=Vdc*Idc=-------------------6. Output AC power =Pac =Vrms*Irms=----------------7. Secondary RMS voltage of Transformer or the Source=Vs=-------------8. Secondary RMS current of Transformer or the Source=Irms=-------------9. Secondary AC power supplied by Transformer or the Source=Ps= Irms*Vs=-------------10. Peak Secondary current of Transformer or the Source=Im=Vm/R=--------------
Evaluate the following parameter (also write down the required formulae) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rectifier efficiency = =----------------------Form factor=------------------Ripple factor=-----------------Transformer or source utilization factor(TUF)=-------------Crest factor(CF) of input current i=--------------Input power factor=--------------
10
Section ii:
Use of a free-wheeling diode:
Arrange the circuit as shown in figure 3.a free-wheeling diode is added to circuit .
D1
1N4007
V1
Vp
50 Hz
0
R1
Dm
1N4007
L1
11
Comment :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Using signal generator supply apply the voltage at high frequency to a half wave diode rectifier
and observe the response with resistive load and sketch output voltage.
12
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.3
Single Phase uncontrolled Rectifier
Objective :
i) Analysis of a full-wave bridge rectifier with RL load
Equipment :
AC supply , a bridge ,resistors(1k), inductor coil.(10mH) Oscilloscope, DMM,
connecting wires
Arrange the circuit as shown in figure 4.an inductive load is added to circuit .
V1
D1
1N4007
D2
1N4007
R1
D3
1N4007
D4
1N4007
L1
Vp
50 Hz
0
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is peak voltage at
frequency of 50 HZ.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure.
3. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveforms
observed on oscilloscope.
4. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
13
Performance parameters :
1. Peak output voltage =Vm=-----------2. Average value of output voltage =Vdc=0.318*Vm=-------------3. RMS value of output voltage =Vrms=0.5* Vm=--------------4. RMS value of output current =Irms=Vrms/R=-----------------5. Output DC power =Pdc=Vdc*Idc=-------------------6. Output AC power =Pac =Vrms*Irms=----------------7. Secondary RMS voltage of Transformer or the Source=Vs=-------------8. Secondary RMS current of Transformer or the Source=Irms=-------------9. Secondary AC power supplied by Transformer or the Source=Ps= Irms*Vs=------------10. Peak Secondary current of Transformer or the Source=Im=Vm/R=--------------
Evaluate the following parameter (also write down the required formulae) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rectifier efficiency = ----------------------Form factor=------------------Ripple factor=-----------------Transformer or source utilization factor(TUF)=-------------Crest factor(CF) of input current i=--------------Input power factor=--------------
14
Comment :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.4
Half wave rectifier using R-Triggering
Objective:
i) To analyze resistive firing/triggerimg silicon controlled rectifier(SCR).
Equipment :
AC Supply, SCR(MCR100-6),a diode, load resistor of designed value, variable gate
resistance(0-100K).
Design problems:
Minimum resistance (Rmin):
16
the minimum resistance Rmin should be such that when Rg=0,the gate current does not exceed
the maximum allowable value,
Rmin=Vs/Ig(max) ----------------(1)
Vs(max)= -------------(It is equal to max. voltage supplied by the Ac supply)
Ig(max)= --------------(the max. gate current is usually given by Igt in the datasheet)
Using equation (1):Rmin= ------------(choose the nearest standard resistor)
The value of the selected standard resistor =Rg= ---------Selection of load Resistance:
Max. value of anode to cathode current from data sheet = ----------A
Holding current from datasheet=----------A
Choose a value of load resistance such that anode to gate current does not exceed the rated
current and it is not less than the latching current when SCR is conducting. it recommended to
select load resistance such that half of rated current or less flows when SCR is conducting.
17
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is 15Vpeak at
frequency of 50 HZ.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure.
3. Keep the potentiometer resistance Rg to its max. value so Ig is very small and SCR is
not triggered. Measure and observe the voltage across load and SCR.
4. Decrease the resistance of potentiometer Rg such that SCr is now fired and almost all
the input voltage appears across the load. Measure and observe the change in voltage
across the SCR.
5. Record your observations for at least ten different firing angles over the entire range
of observations.
6. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the
waveforms observed on oscilloscope.
7. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
V0(dc)
Vo(dc)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
18
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 2
Sketch voltage waveform across load thyristor for firing angle used above
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4
19
Sketch voltage waveform across load thyristor for firing angle used above
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 6
Sketch voltage waveform across load thyristor for firing angle used above
20
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 8
Sketch voltage waveform across load thyristor for firing angle used above
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 10
21
Sketch voltage waveform across load thyristor for firing angle used above
22
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.5
Half Wave Rectifier using RC-Triggering
Objective:
i) To analyze RC-firing/triggering network of silicon controlled rectifier
Equipment:
AC-supply, SCR(MCR 100-6),a diode, load resistor of designed value, variable gate
resistance(0-100kohm)
And capacitance of designed value.
23
Design Procedure:
Minimum Resistance(Rmin):
The minmum resistance Rmin shoule be such that when RG=0,the gate current does not exceed
the maximum allowable value,
Rmin=Vs(max)/ig(min)
Vs(max)=_______________(it is equal to the maximum voltage supplied by the AC supply)
Ig(max)=_______________(This maximum gate current is usually given by IGT in the
datasheet)
Using Equation (1):Rmin=_____________(choose the nearest standard resistor)
Gate Resitance(RG):
The minimum value of gate triggering current is selected as specifies in the datasheet(80_A in
case of MCR 100-6).The SCR will turn on when instantneous value of supply voltage Vs
becomes equal to
Vs>=IG(min)R+VG(min)+VD
R<=Vs-VG(min)-VD/IG(min)
R=RG+Rmin
Power Electronics Lab Manual
24
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is 15V peak at
frequency of 50Hz.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure.
3. Keep the potentiometer resistance RG to its maximum value so IG is very small and SCR
is not triggered. Measure and observe the voltage across load and SCR.
4. Describe the resistance of potentiometer RG such that SCR is now fired and almost all
the input voltage appears across the load. Measure and observe the change in voltage
across load and SCR.
5. Record your observation for at least ten different firing angles over the entire range of
observation.
25
6. Record your observation and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveform
observed on oscilloscope.
7. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
Observations Set
No.
Firing Angle
Vo(dc)
Vo(dc)
(TheoraticallyUsing
DMM)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
26
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 2
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
TIME
Angle used Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing above
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
SKETCH voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
TIME
27
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 6
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
28
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 8
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 10
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
29
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
30
Section 2:
Calculate the resistance and capacitance according to procedure already mentioned
Rg=__________________
Rmin=________________
C=___________________
RL=___________________
Observation Table
No.
Firing Angle
Vo(dc)
Vo(dc)
(TheoraticallyUsing
DMM)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
31
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50m
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above
0ms
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Time
32
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.6
Half Wave Rectifier using RC-Triggering (Part Two)
Objectives:
i) To analyze RC-firing/triggering network of silicon controlled rectifier.
Equipment:
AC-supply, SCR (MCR 100-6), a diode, load resistor of designed value, variable gate
Resistance (0-750k) and capacitors of designed value.
33
Design Procedure:
(1)
Supply)
Ig (max) = _________________(This maximum gate current is usually given by IGT in
The datasheet.)
Using Equation (1): R min =________________(choose the nearest standard resistor)
34
Becomes equal to
Vs IG (min) R + VG (min) + VD
(2)
R Vs VG (min) VD / IG (min)
(3)
R = RG + R min
VD =________________________ (It is equal to the forward voltage drop across the diode).
IG (min) = __________________ (It is the minimum value of gate current at which SCR fires).
35
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is 10V peak at
frequencyof 50HZ.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure 4a.
3. Keep the potentiometer resistance RG to its maximum value so IG is very small and SCR is
not trigged. Measure and observe the voltage across load and SCR.
4. Decrease the resistance of potentiometer RG such that SCR is now fired and almost all the
input Voltage appears across the load .Measure and observes the change in voltage across load
and SCR.
5. Record your observations for at least ten different firing angles over the entire range of
observation.
6. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveform
observed on oscilloscope.
7. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
36
Observation Table:
NO
Firing Angle
Vo(dc)
(Practically using DMM)
Vo(dc)
(Theoretically using
calculations)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
37
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 2:
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4:
38
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 6:
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
39
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 8:
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 10:
40
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
41
Comments:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No. 7
Full Wave Rectifier Using Resistive Triggering
Objectives:
i)
Equipment:
Ac supply, oscilloscope, SCR (MCR 100-6), single phase Diode Bridge, load resistor of
designed value, virile gate rsistance, connecting wires and breadboard.
Circuit diagram:
Task:
Vary the firing angle by the gate resistance from 0 to 90 degree and observe load voltage and
voltage across thyristor on the oscilloscope .sketch waveforms for selected value of firing angle.
43
Design Procedure:
The design equations are same as used in experiment no 2 for half wave R-triggering.
1. Load Resistance =_____________ohms.
2. Rmin= __________ohms.
3. Gate resistance= ______________ohms.
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure .recommended is 10 V peak at
frequency of 50 HZ.
2. Arrange the circuit as shown in Figure 4a.
3. Keep the potentiometer resistance Rg to its maximum value so Ig Is very small and SCR will
not triggered .Measure and observe the voltage across load and SCR.
4. Decrease the resistance of potentiometer Rg such that scr is now fired and almost all the input
voltage appears across the load .measure and observe the change in voltage across load and SCR.
5. Record your observations for at least 10 different firing angles over the entire range of
observations.
6. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveforms
observed on oscilloscope.
7. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage.
44
Observation table:
NO.
Firing Angle
Vo(dc)
(practically using
DMM)
Vo(dc)
(Theoretically
using calculations)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
45
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 2:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Power Electronics Lab Manual
46
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 6:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle above:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
Time
Power Electronics Lab Manual
47
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 8:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 10:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Power Electronics Lab Manual
48
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above:
0s
5 ms
10 ms
15 ms
20 ms
25 ms
30 ms
35 ms
40 ms
45 ms
Time
Show your calculations for voltage with firing angle in reading 3:
49
Comments:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Performance Parameters:
Evaluate the following parameters by consulting the suggested pre-lab reading .Also consult the
lab manual handout of experiment no.1 (use a separatepaper sheet if required, to record the
required observations and details of calculations):
Rectifier Efficiency=
_______________________
50
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.8
Full Wave Rectifier Using RC-Triggering
Objectives:
i)
Equipment:
AC supply,oscilloscope,SCR(MCR-100-6),single phase diode bridge,load resistors,
variable gate resistance,capacitors,connecting wires, breadboard.
Circuit Diagram:
Task:
51
Verify the firing angle (90 to 180 degree) by changing the gate resistance and observe load
voltage and voltage across thyristor on the oscilloscope.Sketch for selected values of firing
angle.
Load resistance=--------------------ohms
Gate resistance= --------------------ohms
R min=--------------------------------ohms
Capacitor=---------------------------
Procedure:
1. Adjust the supply voltages as used in design procedure.
2. Arrange the circuit as in figure.
3. Keep the potentiometer resistance RG to its maximum value so IG is very small and
SCR is not triggered.Measure and observe the voltage across load and SCR.
4. Decrease the resistance of potentiometer RG such that SCR is now fired and almost
All the input voltage appears across the load.Measure and observe the change in
The voltage across load and SCR.
5. Record your observations for at least ten different firing angles over the entire range
of observations.
6. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the
Waveforms observed on oscilloscope.
7. Compare the practical output with theoretical output voltage.
52
Observations Table:
No.
Firing Angle
V0 (dc)
Using DMM
V0 (DC)
Theoretically
Calculations
53
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 2.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
54
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 6.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
45ms
50ms
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
55
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 10.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
56
Sketch voltage waveform across thyristor for firing angle used above.
0s
5ms
10ms
15ms
20ms
25ms
30ms
35ms
40ms
45ms
50ms
57
Comments:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Parameters:
Rectifier Efficiency =---------------------Form Factor =------------------------------Ripple Factor =----------------------------Transform or source utilization factor(TUF) =------------------------
58
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.9
TRIAC Characteristics
Objective:
To study the V-I characteristics of a TRIAC in both directions and also in
different (1, 2, 3 & 4) modes op operation and determine break over voltages,
holding current, latching current and comment on sensitivities.
Equipment:
TRIAC - BT 136, power supplies, wattage resistors, ammeter, voltmeter,
Procedure:
I-mode
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram (a)
2. The value of gate current ig is set to convenient value by adjusting vgg.
3. By varying the supply voltage Vm gradually in step-by-step, note down the
corresponding values of Vmt2ti and h. Note down Vmt2ti and ii at the instant of firing of
TRIAC and after firing (by reducing the voltmeter ranges and increasing the ammeter
ranges) then increase the supply voltage Vmt2mti and ii.
4. The point at which TRIAC fires gives the value of break over voltage vbol
5. A graph of vmt2ti v/s ii is to be plotted.
6. The gates supply voltage. Vgg is to be switched off
7. Observe the am meter reading by reducing the supply voltage vmt. The point at which
the ammeter reading suddenly goes to zero gives the value of holding current ih.
59
II -mode:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram (b)
2. The gate current is set as same value as in i-mode
3.
60
Characteristics curve:
Normal method:
61
III-mode:
1. Connections are mode as shown in the circuit diagram (c).
2. Step no. s 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 are to be repeated as in i-mode.
IV-mode:
1. Connections are mode as shown in the circuit diagram (d)
2. Repeat the step no. s 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, & 7 of i-mode.
62
I-Mode
Ig=
Sr.no.
mA
VTRIAC (V)
ITRIAC( mA)
II-Mode
Ig=
Sr.no.
VTRIAC (V)
mA
ITRIAC( mA)
63
III-Mode
Ig=
Sr.no.
mA
VTRIAC (V)
ITRIAC( mA)
IV-Mode
Ig=
Sr.no.
VTRIAC (V)
mA
ITRIAC( mA)
64
Comment :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65
Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment no.10
MOSFET Characteristics
Objective:
To study the characteristics of MOSFET.
Equipment:
MOSFET-IRF840, Power Supplies, Wattage Resistors, Ammeter, Voltmeter, etc.
Circuit Diagram:
66
67
68
Procedure:
Drain Characteristics
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Adjust the value of VGS slightly more than threshold voltage Vth
3. By varying VI, note clown ID & VDS and are tabulated in the tabular column
4. Repeat the experiment for different values of VGS and note down ID v/s VDs
5. Draw the graph of ID v/s VDS for different values of VGS.
Transconductance Characteristics
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep VI and V2 zero.
3. Set VDS = say 0.6 V
4. Slowly vary V2 (VGE) with a step of 0.5 volts, note clown corresponding and VDS
readings for every 0.5v and are tabulated in the tabular column.
5. Repeat the experiment for different values of VDS & draw the graph of ID v/s VGS.
6. Plot the graph of VGS v/s ID
69
VGS=
VGS=
VDS(V)
ID(mA)
ID(mA)
VGS=
VGS=
VDS(V)
VDS(V)
ID(mA)
VDS(V)
ID(mA)
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Comment :
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Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No.11
IGBT Characteristics
Objective:
To study the characteristics of IGBT
Equipment:
IGBT-IRGBC 20S, Power Supplies, Wattage Resistors, Ammeter, Voltmeter, etc.
Circuit Diagram:
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Procedure:
Collector Characteristics
1. Connections are mode as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially set V2 to VGEI = 5v (slightly more than threshold voltage)
3. Slowly vary VI and note clown Ic and VCE
4. For particular value of VGE there is pinch off voltage (VP) between collector
and emitter.
5. Repeat the experiment for different values of VGE and note down Ic v/s VCE
6. Draw the graph of Ic v/s VCE for different values of VGE.
Transconductance Characteristics
1. Connections are mode as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep VI and V2 at zero.
3. Set VCEI = say 0.8 v
4. Slowly vary V2 (VGE) and note down IC and VGE readings for every 0.5v and
enter tabular column
5. Repeat the experiment for different values of VCE and draw the graph of Ic v/s
vot
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VGE=
VCE(V)
VGE=
IC(mA)
IC(mA)
VGE=
VGE=
VCE(V)
VCE(V)
IC(mA)
VCE(V)
IC(mA)
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Comment :
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Name
Reg. No
Marks / Grade
Experiment No. 12
PWM generation for inverter circuit using 555 timer and 741
Operational Amplifier Natural Sampling Technique
Objective:
1. To become familiar with pulse width modulation for operating inverter circuits
2. Variation of duty cycle by comparing sawtooth waveform with constant value.
3. to study the operation of N-channel MOSFET operated using PWM train.
Equipment:
A DC power supply, bread board, N-channel MOSFET (IRF540), two general purposes
switching transistors (2N3904 and 2N396), Operational Amplifier 741, 555 timer IC,
two variable resistors (50K-ohm), resistors of required values (4.7K,10K,1K) and
capacitors (1 uF and 47 PF)
Datasheet information:
Carefully study the datasheet of different components and find out the following parameters
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Transistor 2N3904
Turn ON time = ______________________
Turn OFF time = _____________________
Rated Voltage = ______________________
Rated Current = ______________________
Transistor 2N3906:
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Procedure
1. Arrange the circuit as shown in figure below
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2. Observe the output at pin 6 of 555 timer at oscilloscope and sketch the two cycles
3. Adjust the frequency of above waveform equal to 1 KHZ with the help of variable
resistance and plot two cycles
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5. Check the output voltage waveform at pin 6 of 741 and sketch the waveforms below
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6. With the help of variable resistance connected at pin 2 of 741 adjust the duty of the
output waveform equal to 50% and sketch two cycles of waveform
7. Now sketch the waveform of step 3 and voltage at pin 2 of Op-Amp and voltage
waveform at pin 6 of 741 at same scale. (Three waveforms)
9. Does above waveform explain pulse width modulation ? which waveform is modulating
waveform in above waveform?
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11. connect oscilloscope across the load resistance and sketch waveform
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12. Vary the resistance controlling the duty cycle and record different reading in ascending
order of duty cycle.
No. ON Time
Duty Cycle
Ratio
Voltage at
pin 2 of
Op-Amp
Vo (dc)
Vo(dc)
(Practically
using DMM)
(Theoretically
using
Calculations)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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13. Sketch the waveform for observation 3, 5 ,7 and 9 ( Sketch triangular waveform, voltage
at pin 2 of op-Amp and voltage across load resistor for each reading)
For observations 3 from table:
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Comments:
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How we can remove the 3rd harmonic and its multiples from the spectrum?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
Note: On each graph clearly mention your time scale and magnitude; Plot at least two complete
cycles of waveforms else there will be zero credit. All the readings should be in sequence. Make
sure your roll number is written on each and every page of this handout. Please check the website
of your final lab simulation project.
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