Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ICAM 2010
3rd International Conference on Advanced Manufacture
Organized by
Society of Manufacturing Engineering, Taipei Chapter
National Tsing Hua University,
INDEX
1. Foreword--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2. Conference Committee----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
3. Plenary Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
4. Invited Session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
5. Guidelines----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
6. Map of Conference Venue and Hotels--------------------------------------------------- 14
7. ICAM2010 Program Timetable ---------------------------------------------------------- 15
8. ICAM2010 Technical Program ----------------------------------------------------------- 16
9. Extended Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
FOREWORD
The Society of Manufacturing Engineers, founded in 1932, is one of the largest
professional societies for education, research and development of industrial
manufacturing. The Taipei Chapter (No.242) established in 1972, has been instrumental
in sponsorship of numerous activities for promotion of manufacturing technologies both
in Taiwan and the international arena. Thus, the 2005 and 2007 SME International
Conference on Advanced Manufacture was successfully held in Taipei and Tainan.
The booming economic development in Asia, particularly the leading manufacturing
industries such as semiconductors, liquid crystal display, computer, cellar phones,
commercial electronics and micro/nano areas have been attracting intense attention
among universities and research development-based institutions as well as many
industrial corporations.
growth potentials; thus, there is an urgent need of a strong focus for exchange of various
scientific, technical and management aspects across the wide spectrum of the society.
We are happy to host the 2010 International Conference on Advanced Manufacture.
ICAM 2010 will include plenary speeches and technical sessions. The topics will cover a
wide range of manufacturing and instrumentation technologies.
The conference is also financially supported by the National Science Council and
Ministry of Education. The strong backup from these organizations provides an important
assurance for the success of ICAM 2010.
Welcome to ICAM 2010!
Best regards,
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Honorary Chairman
Young-Yao Pai, SME, Taipei Chapter
Wen-Tsuen Chen, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
International Scientific Committee
Hong Hocheng, Nat. Tsing Hua U. (Taiwan)
M. Andritschky, U. of Minho (Portugal)
Richard E. DeVor, UIUC (US)
Dimitri Dimitrov, Stellenbosch U. (South Africa)
Han Ding, UM-SJTU Institute (China)
Leszek A. Dobrzaski, Silesian U. of Tech. (Poland)
Tadeusz Gryba, U. de Valenciennes (France)
J.S. Gunasekera, Ohio U. (US)
M.S.J. Hashmi, Dublin City U. (Ireland)
Yong-Taek Im, KAIST (Korea)
Shiv Gopal Kapoor, UIUC (US)
Fritz Klocke, RWTH Aachen (Germany)
Shi-Wei Lee, HKTSU (HK)
Steven Liang, Georgia Tech (US)
Grier Lin, U. of S. Australia (Australia)
Jonathan Maxwell, Cooke Optics (UK)
John Melngailis, U. of Maryland, (US)
Shahjahan Mridha, Intl. Islamic U. (Malaysia)
Datong Qin, ChongQing U. (China)
Steve Shen, U. of Washington (US)
Daizhong Su, Nottingham Trent U. (UK)
Osamu Tabata, U. of Tokyo (Japan)
J.M. Torralba, U. Carlos III de Madrid (Spain)
Adrian Travis, Cambridge U. (UK)
Francesco Veniali, U. of Roma La Sapienza (Italy)
Wifi, Cairo U. (Egypt)
Organizing Committee
General Chair
Shih-Chieh Lin, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
D. Shaw, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
Program Chair
Pei-Lum Tso, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
Award Commitee Chair
Kuang-Chao Fan, Nat. Taiwan U.
Sen-Yung Lee, Nat. Cheng Kung U.
Members:
Shih-Chieh Lin, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
Jerry Fuh, Nat. U. of Singapore
Woei-Shyan Lee, Nat. Cheng Kung U.
Hong T. Young, Nat. Taiwan U.
Liang-Chia Chen, Nat. Taipei U. of Tech.
Yung-Kang Shen, Taipei Medical U.
Invited Session Chair
Zone-Ching Lin, Nat. Taiwan U. of Sci. & Tech.
You Min Huang, Nat. Taiwan U. of Sci. & Tech.
Finance Chair
Cheng-Kuo Sung, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
Local Arrangement Chair
Gow-Yi Tzou, Kao Yuan University
Publication Chair
Dongliang Daniel Sheu, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
Wen Yuh Jywe, Nat. Formosa U.
Publicity Chair
Shing Yuan Tsai, Industrial Tech. Res. Inst.
Chia-Cheng Chao, Chun-Shan Inst. Sci. & Tech.
Poster Session Chair
Hung Yin Tsai, Nat. Tsing Hua U.
Webmaster
Wei-Li Wu, Nat. Tsing Hua University
Conference Office and Local Organizing Committee
Ching-Ju Huang
Show-Er Lee
Jun-Yu Cai
Chih-Hsiang,Chan
Sen-Hsiung Chan
Yu-Lin Chang
Wei-Lun Chen
Jiun-Ching Chen
Su-Ting Cheng
Shy-Pin Cuo
Chung-Ju Hsieh
Tzu-Shin Hsieh
Chih-Jen Huang
Chun-Wei Lai
Wei-Ting Lai
Jung-Huang Liao
Chun-Chia,Liu
Chun-Wei Liu
Fan-Yi Liu
Wei-Li Wu
Juei-Yuan Wu
Chia-Ling Yang
Engineering Design Laboratory
Manufacturing and Production System Laboratory
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering,
National Tsing Hua University
101 Sec. 2 Kuan-Fu Rd. Hsin-Chu Taiwan 300
Tel: +886-3-571-9034
Fax: +886-3-572-2840
Email:icam2010@pme.nthu.edu.tw
Website: www.icam2010.org
PLENARY SESSION I
Plenary Speech 1
Topics:
Design and Analysis of Control for Production Systems and
Networks with Many Highly Autonomous Entities
Neil A. Duffie
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison, US
E-mail: duffie@engr.wisc.edu
http://www.engr.wisc.edu/me/faculty/duffie_neil.html
Biography
Neil A. Duffie received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 1980, his M.S. in
Engineering in 1976 from, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
and his B.S. in Computer Science in 1974, all from the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
He is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
and past Chair of its Department of Mechanical Engineering. His research interests are in
the area of manufacturing system control including automation and robotics, process
modeling and control, modeling of distributed system dynamics and control, and
autonomous logistic processes.
Professor Duffie is a Fellow of ASME, CIRP and SME. He is Chair of the Scientific
and Technical Committee for Production Systems and Organizations of the CIRP
(International Academy for Production Engineering), and is Past President (2008) of SME.
In 2008 he was a Mercator Guest Professor at the University of Bremen, Germany.
PLENARY SESSION II
Plenary Speech 2
Topics:
Recent Advances in Micro-Groove Machining
Processes
Shiv Gopal Kapoor
Grace Wicall Gauthier Chair Professor
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US
E-mail: sgkapoor@illinois.edu
http://mechse.illinois.edu/content/directory/faculty/profile.php?user_id=36
Biography
Dr. Shiv G. Kapoor is Grayce Wicall Gauthier Chair Professor in the Department of
Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He
has been a significant contributor to the field of manufacturing engineering research and
educations and a pioneer in the field of mathematical modeling and simulation of
machining processes both at micro and macro-scale. He has published more than 200
technical articles in technical Journals including ASME Journal of Manufacturing
Science and Engineering, Transactions of the North American Manufacturing Research
Institution, International Journal of Machine Tool and Manufacture , International Journal
of Wear, Journal of Corrosion Science, etc.
A Fellow of both the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the
Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Prof. Kapoor has received ASME Blackall
Machine Tool and Gage Award unprecedented three times for outstanding research paper,
in 1992, 1997, and 2008. He was given the ASME William T. Ennor Manufacturing
Technology Award in 2003 and one of the SME most coveted Education Award in 2005.
He has served as a technical editor for the ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and
Engineering from 1991-2001. Currently, he serves as an editor-in-chief for SME Journal
of Manufacturing Processes.
INVITED SESSION I
Invited Speech 1
Topics:
Modeling and Optimization of High-Performance Machining
Steven Y. Liang, Ph.D.
Vice President and Chief Technical Officer
Walsin Lihwa Corporation
E-mail: steven_liang@walsin.com
http://www.me.gatech.edu/faculty/liang.shtml
Biography
Steven Y. Liang received his B.S. from National Cheng Kung University in 1980 and
Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1987. He served as Morris M.
Bryan, Jr. Professor for Advanced Manufacturing Systems, founding Director of Precision
Machining Research Consortium, Director of Manufacturing Education Program, and
Associate Director of Manufacturing Research Center at Georgia Institute of Technology,
USA. Currently Dr. Liang has been Vice President and Chief Technical Officer of
Walsin Lihwa Corp, a Taiwan-based multi-hundred-billion manufacturing conglomerate.
Dr. Liang's technical interests lie in the areas of precision engineering, extreme
manufacturing, and technology innovation. He has supervised over 70 Post-Doctoral
studies, Ph.D. dissertations, and M.S. theses and has authored in excess of 300 book
chapters, archival journal papers, and professional conference articles in these areas. He
has been invited to deliver more than 60 keynote speeches and seminars at manufacturing
industries, peer institutions, and professional conferences in over 20 countries on various
topics related to manufacturing science and technology. Dr. Liang served as President of
the North American Manufacturing Research Institution, Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (NAMRI/SME) and Chair of the Manufacturing Engineering Division of The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (MED/ASME). Dr. Liang is the recipient of
many prestigious awards including the Robert B. Douglas Outstanding Young
Manufacturing Engineer Award of SME, Ralph R. Teetor Education Award of the Society
of Automotive Engineers, and Blackall Machine Tool and Gage Award of ASME.
INVITED SESSION I
Invited Speech 2
Topics:
Growing Behind
Mr. Bert Huang
General Manager
Victor Taichung Machinery Co.
E-Mail: mh@mail.or.com.tw
http://www.or.com.tw
Biography
Mr. Bert Huang is the General Manager of Victor Taichung, the largest equipment
supplier of machine tool, plastic injection machine, and environmental machine across
great China area. Victor Taichung was founded by Huangs father in 1954. When Bert
Huang was given the charter to grow the company, Mr. Huang was driving the
management team to the continuous R&D activities. To date more than 65% of the
products are in-house manufacturing, which demonstrates the companys technical
capabilities as well as quality assurances. The company has established worldwide
operations with customer services in USA, UK, Germany, Frances, China, Thailand,
Malaysia, and South Africa. As the company is embarking for technology advancement,
Victor Taichung was the first company being certified by Germans TUV ISO 9001 in
1993. In the following year the company was recognized National Quality Trophy in
Taiwan.
In 1997 the company was again certified by TUV ISO 14001 quality system.
These are evidences that the company seeks for world class performances.
In addition to dedicating to the companys growth, Mr. Huang also shares his knowledge
and experience in taking the convener role to Taiwans Tooling Machine Trade Union and
also the president of R.O.C.s Precision Machining Industry Development Council in
1997 and 1998 respectively. Mr. Huang is still one of the committee members for
MOEAs (Ministry of Economic Affairs) Technology Review Board and consultant to
ITRIs (Industrial Technology Research Institute) Mechanical and System Research Lab
since 1997 to date.
INVITED SESSION II
Invited Speech 3
Topics:
Trend of AOI Technology and its Applications to Taiwans
Emerging Industries
Tzeng-Yow Lin
Deputy General Director
Center for Measurement Standards (CMS)
Industrial Technology Research Institute
Taiwan, ROC
E-mail: Tzeng-Yow.Lin@itri.org.tw
http://www.nml.org.tw/ for National Measurement Laboratory;
http://www.cms.itri.org.tw/ for Center for Measurement Standards, ITRI
Biography
Dr Lin is Deputy General Director of Center for Measurement Standards, metrology
group of Industrial Technology Research Institute. He has devoted himself to precision
engineering for more than 25 years, with special interests in dimensional metrology and
surface topography. Presently, Lin is leading a team in establishing a national
infrastructure of industrial standards, linking Taiwan with global standards organizations
(such as ISO, IEC, CIE). The infrastructure will enhance Taiwans competitiveness of
manufacturing power through strategical supremacy of standardization.
Lin graduated from the University of Birmingham (UK) in 1993, with a doctoral
degree in manufacturing. He was the winner of Best Paper Award of 2002 NCSL
International.
10
INVITED SESSION II
Invited Speech 4
Topics:
Manufacture of Plastics Lenses for the Next Generation
Commercial and Industrial Applications
Pei-Jen Wang
Professor
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, R.O.C.
E-mail: pjwang@pme.nthu.edu.tw
http://maps.pme.nthu.edu.tw/chinese/PJWang.htm
Biography
P. J. Wang received his Ph. D. degree in Mechanical Engineering at Cornell
University in 1990, his M.S. and B. S. degree in Mechanical Engineering at National
Tsing Hua University in 1983 and 1981, respectively.
He is a professor at the Department of Power Mechanical Engineering in National
Tsing Hua University. His research interests are mainly in the area of intelligent
manufacture systems, process control and analysis and design of electromechanical
systems. In addition to academic interests, his industrial collaboration experiences with
local machinery companies are gaining significant momentum toward practical
problem-solving career.
Prof. Wang has been a platinum member of Society of Plastics Engineers since 1991.
He is currently a member of both ASME and CSME. He has also served as the regional
editor of International Journal of Automation Technology since 2007.
11
GUIDELINES
1. Official Language
The official language of ICAM 2010 is English.
should be delivered in English.
13
(2F Lobby)
(2F Seven Scholars Lounge)
Feb.3, 2010
08:40-09:10
09:10-10:00
10:00-10:20
10:20-12:00
12:00-13:20
13:20-15:00
15:00-15:20
15:20-17:00
Opening Ceremony
Plenary Speech I
Coffee Break
Session 1
Lunch Break
Session 2
Coffee Break
Invited Speech
Feb.4, 2010
08:40-10:00
10:00-10:20
10:20-12:00
12:00-13:20
13:20-15:00
15:00-15:20
15:20-17:00
17:30-20:00
Session 3
(1F M102-M106)
Coffee Break
Session 4
(1F M102-M106)
Lunch Break
Plenary Speech II, III (1F M103)
Coffee Break
Session 5
(1F M102-M106)
Banquet
(1FChamps Elysees)
Feb. 5, 2010
8:30
(1F M103)
(1F M103)
(1F M102-M105)
(1F M102-M105)
(1F M103&M105)
14
Session Table
Schedule
Program
2/3
Plenary Speech I
09:10-10:00
2/3
1A E-Manufacture and Reliability
10:20-12:00
1B Micro and Nano Fabrication (1)
1C Emerging Energy/Opto-electronic Manufacturing Technology
1D Advance Manufacturing Technology (1)
2/3
2A Robotics, Control and Automation
13:20-15:00
2B Micro and Nano Fabrication (2)
2C Technologies for Optical and Photoelectric Devices/Systems (1)
2D Advance Manufacturing Technology (2)
2/3
Invited Speech I, II, III, IV
15:20-17:00
2/4
3A Metrology (1)
08:20-10:00
3B Micro and Nano Fabrication (3)
3C Technologies for Optical and Photoelectric Devices/Systems (2)
3D Advance Manufacturing Technology (3)
3E Advances in Forming
2/4
4A Metrology (2)
10:20-12:00
4B Micro and Nano Fabrication (4)
4C CAD/CAE/CAM
4D Advance Manufacturing Technology (4)
4E Abrasive Machining
2/4
Plenary Speech II, III
13:20-15:00
2/4
5A Metrology (3)
15:20-17:00
5B Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology
5C Rapid Prototyping
5D Advance Manufacturing Technology in Korea
5E Finishing, Lapping and Polishing
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
Session 4C CAD/CAE/CAM
Session Chair: M.K. Yeh
Co Chair: S.J. Hwang
Room M104
2/4 10:20-12:00
Paper
Title/
No.
authors
Generation of Tool Paths and Five-axis B-spline Curve NC Commands for
052
Centrifugal Impeller Machining
J.S. Tsai, J.K. Ho, K.W. Liao, C.Y. Chiu
Fabrication of Composite Xylophone Bars with Computer-Aided Analysis
113
M.K. Yeh, C.H. Chen, K.L. Yen, M. R. Bai
Creative Mechanism Design of Strollers of Variable Degrees of Freedom
049
S.J. Hwang, S.M. Cheng, Y.H. Tsai
Active Vision-based Automatic Modeling System for Reverse Engineering
180
H.J. Chien, Y.C. Lin, C.Y. Chen, C.F. Chen
NURBS-Integrated Equivalent Errors for Contouring Control
053
S.L. Chen, C.Y. Chou
23
24
25
26
27
28
160143@mail.csc.com.tw
ABSTRACT The accomplishment of the interface aims to solve the important issues in
the message transactions among distributed systems and tackle the problems of existing
data manipulation and repetitive data storage. The achievement of the re-utilization of
system functions and the data integration among different systems of design and
production processes saves lot of money and time while we utilize the functions in the
cloud.
Intranet
( SSL/ SOAP/ WSDL)
Firewall
Firewall
SOAP
Communication Agent
FOMOS LAN
Firewall
SOAP
Communication Agent
Level 1 DB
Firewall
SOAP
Communication Agent
Communication Agent
KEYWORDS SOA,
29
ABSTRACT - This paper presents studies for ABS RP pattern used directly in
investment casting, experimentally and theoretically. Ceramic mould shell preparation
procedures including CAD pattern designing; RP pattern formation; pattern surface finish
and sealing; de-waxing and burnout are discussed.
Effects of pattern geometries such as bulk solid and thin wall are studied. The Results
suggest that for the process to be successful, the preparation should start as early as CAD
design stage. For bulk solid geometry patterns, Shell function in CAD and Sparse
web options in RP pre-processing are proved very effective and should be applied in
combination. While for patterns with thin-wall, Hot-Water De-Wax before plastic burnout
proved to be successful (Fig.1).
The mechanism behind has been revealed by our transient, non-linear CAE analysis.
The comparison of the thermal stresses in the ceramic shell during the heating processes
is plotted in Fig.2. It is very obvious that burnout process (although with higher oven
temperature) creates far less thermal stresses than the de-wax process (although with
lower oven temperature).
Therefore in any case, the Hot-Water De-Waxing procedure before plastic pattern
burnout was proved to be a good option to reduce the possibility of ceramic shell crack.
30
ABSTRACT - This paper reports on design, fabrication and experimental testing of one
port contour- mode piezoelectric MEMS resonator. The resonator consists of the ZnO
film sandwiched between the Platinum (Pt) and the Aluminium (Al) thin film layers. The
devices are fabricated from silicon wafers using a 3-mask process. The use of contour
modes, whose frequencies are set by lithographically defined dimensions, permits the
fabrication of multiple filters at arbitrary frequencies on the same chip.
KEYWORDS MEMS, Resonator, Contour-mode, ZnO.
31
32
ABSTRACT - This paper presents a general approach for planning trajectories for cyclic
dynamic systems, and demonstrates its application for robotic yoyo playing. The
approach is based on return map parameterization using intermediate states of the system.
These states are naturally incorporated as the boundary constraints in the framework of
nonlinear optimal programming. In the case of yo-yo playing, the height of the robot arm
when the yoyo arrives at the bottom is selected as the intermediate state. By solving the
optimization problems during each phase of a cycle, a reference trajectory, a nominal
control for the robot and the corresponding return map of the object were generated
simultaneously. The return map is naturally parameterized by the intermediate state. The
return map can be regarded as discrete-time system and the intermediate state can be
regarded as a virtual control. Hence, standard analysis and design methods for pure
discrete-time systems can be applied to control the dynamic system.
KEYWORDS - Robotic yoyo. Return map. Reference trajectory. Optimal programming
33
ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the sphericity error of spherical parts precisely and
conveniently, a minimum zone method is proposed which is realized by iteratively
searching the neighbourhood of an approximate optimal solution. The neighbourhood is a
spherical search space. The method starts with determining the initial centre and radius of
the search space by an approximate method. The search space is divided by a series of
concentric spheres. Then for every sphere it is further divided by some longitudes and
latitudes, the intersections of which are the candidate search datum centres of two
concentric spheres for the sphericity error evaluation as shown in figure 2.
A better candidate centre with minimum sphericity error will be found and reserved
as the new location of the search space and a new radius of the search space will be
calculated according to the location transformed distance from its former location. The
new search space is therefore divided as above and a new better candidate centre will be
found. The computation continues until the favorable solution appears. Results of some
examples show that the proposed method is precise and relatively efficient for general
inspection as shown in figure 4 besides it is simple and easy to realize.
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
y
x
5
iterations
10
3.4
2
5
iterations
3.35
3.3
10
5
iterations
10
-3
sphericity error/mm
2.95
0
x 10
0.04
4
sphericity error/mm
4
1
sphericity error/mm
sphericity error/mm
0.08
Measured points(xi,yi,zi)
sphericity error/mm
2.9
2.85
2.8
2.75
5
iterations
10
1
5
sphericity error/mm
KEYWORDS -
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
5
iterations
10
6
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
5
iterations
10
34
motor
anode
rotational +
optical PET-film
_
cathode
+
extension tank
flow meter
pump
machine table
electrolyte
tank
filte
support
heater
support
36
(a) 950 C
(b) 1000 C
(c) 1050 C
Figure 1. Microstructures of annealed tube with (a) D= 15.06 m; T/D= 8.9 (950 C); (b) D= 16.97 m; T/D=7.5 (1000 C);
(c) D= 21.24 m; T/D= 5.3 (1050 C).
38
39
ABSTRACT The design of the heat sink of a CPU depends on the material flow board
and length of the main model's bearing. Two plastic deformations were produced by
direct extrusion for achieving better billet flow. We mainly used DEFORMTM 3D
software to simulate the plastic deformation behavior of billets during hot extrusion at a
constant temperature of the radial-finned heat sink. We then conducted a series of
simulation analyses with different variables such as friction factor, ram velocity, and fin
gate stage of the die to evaluate the methods of decreasing the warping in the extrusion
process. We used the Taguchi method to find the optimum design parameters. We also
developed an experimental mold for CPU extrusion. The results confirm the suitability of
our design process of an extrusion die to achieve a lower warping behavior of the
radial-finned heat sink. Figure 1 compares the simulation and the finished experimental
product, and a good result was obtained.
(a) Simulation
(b) Experiment
40
41
42
43
44
electyolyte
pipe
spindle
_
magnets
electrode
magnets
flow meter
power
supply
_
vice
S
+
machine table
+
machine stand
pump
tank
filter
electrolyte
tank
workpiece
46
Frame grabber
Computer
Color CCD
Objective(40X)
Specimens
Light source
Plano-convex
Objective(100X)
Beam splitter
47
48
49
50
0.6
0.4
PT320
PT240
0.2
0.0
-40
-20
0
20
Distance from center (cm)
40
51
ABSTRACT - Nosing operation is a metal forming process to gradually reduce the open
end diameter of cylindrical or conical bottles. During the nosing process, forming zone is
locally constrained near the area of the bottle neck. Defects of buckling and wrinkling
occur frequently if the forming process and dies are not properly designed. A slab
analysis method was proposed in this paper for the thick wall bottle nosing simulation
based on the assumptions of volume constancy of material and Levy-Mises flow rule. A
one-step simulation model was developed to analyze the nosing process of billet bottles.
The J.B. Johnson buckling rule was modified to be applied to predict the critical forming
load of bottle billet. Three-dimensional FEM simulations and nosing experiments were
carried out to verify the proposed analysis models. The theoretical predicted results of
deformation and the experimental tests show that the proposed slab method are capable of
predicting the forming process and preventing the buckling defects.
The nosing tools had been installed on a 50-ton universal test machine as shown in
Fig. 1 to do the forming experiments. The thickness distributions predicted by the
developed slab method and the FEM simulations were compared and shown in Fig. 2 and
a good agreement was achieved.
KEYWORDS - Slab method, nosing limit, minimum nosing pass number, local
annealing
1.5
Slab method
1.4
Finite element method
Nosingdie
Bottomdie
1.2
t/t0
Bottlebillet
130
1.1
28
80
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
r/r0
46.1
1.3
0.6
0.5
rough machining
53
r
x
x& d
xd
= p(x)
p( x d ) = 0
54
55
56
KEYWORDS - Cold Roll Forming, Process Design, Artificial Neural Network, Finite
Element Method.
57
58
59
60
The material removal rate of GIP and IC1000 pad (indicates curve
A and B, respectively)
62
63
64
ABSTRACT - The main objective of the present report is to derive method for
identifying system parameters of a cantilever system that is modeled by a single-degree
oscillator. Unlike other existing methods, the present method starts with giving a wide
band, or chirp excitation to the target system, and to locate the damped natural frequency
of the oscillator. Once the damped natural frequency is obtained, it is possible to find the
frequency at which the phase lag is equal to 90 . From which, the external excitation
frequency is then purposely changed to that frequency. In the meantime, the system
dissipative energy or power needs also be recorded. The system parameters, both the
mass and stiffness of the oscillator, are expressed in terms of the external frequency and
the system damping. The former is close related to the damped natural frequency while
the latter can be identified along with measuring the input power. Applying the
formulations provided in the present paper, it is possible to recognize the system
parameters correctly, mass and stiffness. The novel formulations were thennumerically
simulated using the Simulink toolbox of MATLAB. The simulation results clearly
showed the current method can work with good accuracy. Following the numerical
simulations, the experimental validation was also carried out. Even though the
experimental results again verified the correctness of the method, a larger error may exist
if system damping is extremely small. The reason may mainly attribute to the
measurement accuracy for dissipative power and the location error from the frequency of
90 phase lag. Nevertheless, both numerical simulation and experimental results
strongly suggest that the new recognition algorithm can be applied with confidence. In
addition, to the best of the authors knowledge, it is the first attempt to give such an
almostexact formulation for a cantilever system. More importantly, the method can be
further generalized to other oscillator without difficulty.
KEYWORDS - Parameter identification, Signature analysis, sdof oscillator, Dissipative
energy.
65
66
67
68
69
71
72
(a) FESEM image showing the surface morphology of a hollow PAN fiber after the oxidation process
(b) Finger-like cracks appear within the wall of the hollow PAN fiber.
73
74
BGA Model
Cross Section
75
76
77
78
(a) Type A
(b) Type B
79
ABSTRACT - In this study, we focus on growing high-yield and straight rate carbon
nanocoils (CNCs). It utilized 0.6g Fe particles and 0.3 g SnO2 particles mixing in 10 mL
alcohol (99.5 %) for catalyst solution, which was spun it in order to make sure the
catalyst distribute on the silicon oxide wafer uniformly. The substrate was annealed by
the oven at 150 in air for 12 hr. CNCs have been synthesized by chemical vapor
deposition, which are obtained by 2 metals-catalyzed pyrolysis of acetylene at 700,
under 1 atm. The average size of catalyst powder leads to various characteristics of CNCs.
CNCs has the average coil diameter of 1.91 um and line diameter of 0.52 um. Fig. 1
shows the SEM image of as-grown single CNC after annealing process for 12 hour. Fig. 2
and Fig. 3 show the distribution of coil diameter and line diameter with and without
annealing. The annealing effect can enhance the activity of catalyst and cause the
high-yield and straight rate of synthesized CNCs. The growing yield of CNCs can
achieve 88 % and straightness of the synthesized CNCs can perform in 70 % after
annealing.Furthermore, the technique is scalable and facilitates the integration of the
patterned CNCs with the micromachined electronic devices.
KEYWORDS - Carbon nanocoil Annealing Chemical Vapor Deposition Yield
81
KEYWORDS Gear measuring machine, Tooth root and bottom profiles, Heat,
Calibration
82
83
84
85
Junewen Chen, Hao-Sheng Hsieh, Jung-Chao Chen, Shu-Yuan Lin, Chia-Hao Yeh and
Chin-Yi Liu
Institute of Mechanical Engineering
Chung-Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, 300
E-mail: jwchen@chu.edu.tw
ABSTRACT Integrating the Hall sensors to the extremity balance system of exercise
and rehabilitation bicycles was developed and examined in detail. We have accomplished
the complete system which is user friendly, multi-functional, high stability, and
inexpensive systems.
KEYWORDS extremity balance system, Hall sensor, bicycle, rotation, positioning,
synchronization.
86
87
ABSTRACT - Laser light source has low Etendue due to its feature of high collimation,
which is an advantage for projector illumination to have high light collection efficiency
on the microdisplay. However, there is a shape mismatching between the laser source and
the microdisplay, which requests a beam shaper to transform the laser energy into a
rectangular flat top distribution matching the active area of microdisplay without much
loss. This paper presents the use of regular micro lens array (MLA) with spherical surface
as the beam shaper. Starting from examining the near field optical behavior of a single
MLA with a pitch of 100 m and identifying it as a diffractive element, followed by the
improvement of the uniformity by using double side MLA with lateral shift, including the
design, fabrication and characterization of the optical element. The MLA has been made
with injection molding, where the mold was fabricated by ultra precision diamond
shaping method. The optical test shows high degree of polarization of the transmissive
light through the MLA, which is an advantageous feature for the liquid crystal based
projector where polarized light is required.
KEYWORDS - Laser beam shaper, microlens array, laser projector.
89
Fig. 1 Comparison of predicted film thickness for Fig.2 Comparison of shear force with theoretical
various particle size and pad roughness with and experimental data at various applied loads
experimental data at various relative speeds.
(=10mv=60RPM)
90
91
92
93
94
95
98
imeyrj@ccu.edu.tw
py.huang@mail.wfc.edu.tw
3
hjtsai@mail.wfc.edu.tw
T h e s q u a re n e s s e rro r c u rv e s o f th e d iffe re n t m e a s u re m e n t m e th o d s
B y d ia g o n a l m e t h o d
B y T -s h a p e p a t t e rn re v e rs v a l m e t h o d
B y c ro s s -d ia g o n a l m e t h o d
1 .2
1
sq u a re n e ss e rro r
(u m )
0 .8
0 .6
0 .4
0 .2
0
-0 .2 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
m e a s u re m e n t p o s itio n (m m )
100
ABSTRACT - Silicone gels mixing with steel grits and silicone carbons were abrasive
media with permeance to obtain excellent polishing efficiency in the magnetic finishing
with gel abrasive (MFGA). These abrasive media were not only easily produced but also
recycled after machining, reducing the cost in MFGA; silicone gel play an important role
in this study. Therefore, silicone gel was used to locate the abrasion behavior in this study
and established mechanism of MFGA. Polishing efficiencies with or without silicone gels
were identified to finish the cylindrical rod first in our study. In addition, Silicone gels are
temperature dependent materials, so temperature in the working area was then to verify
the relation between the circulation and efficiency. Moreover, this study located the
polishing efficiency during different abrasives in MFGA. Additionally, Taguchi method
was used to elucidate the optimal parameters in MFGA. Results showed that temperature
of the abrasive medium, with silicone gel as bonding material, exceeded to 110oC in the
working area and excellent circulation could find in the side of the abrasive media.
Furthermore, Surface roughness of workpiece markedly reduced from 0.651 to 0.025m
Ra within 30 minutes. Taguchi method used the smaller the better role to evaluate
surface roughness in MFGA. S/N ratios showed that mesh no. of SG, machining time and
kinds of abrasive played the important roles in MFGA. The results also displayed that the
analytical S/N ratio was very similar to the S/N ratio of experiment. The error between
these two results can almost control at 6%.
101
Design of
Experiments for
Computer
Simulation
Design Variables
and Processing
Parameters
Moldflow or other
Numerical
Simulation
Program
Hybrid Genetic
Algorithm
Gaussian Process Model
(Surrogate Model)
Gaussian Process
Approach
Design
Objectives
Correlation
Analysis Approach
Correlation of
Parameters
3.0
Chlorophyll
Anthocyanin
Dye cocktails
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Voltage (V)
104
105
106
ABSTRACT The research aims to single out the maintenance actions to perform on a
series arranged components system, each one constituted by identical elements in parallel.
The system can be maintained only during some planned stops. Elements are
characterized by a constant failure rate and therefore the maintenance actions reduce to
the replacement of some failed ones. The system has to periodically carry out missions
during which the system failure is a critical event for their own success. The reliability is
the most meaningful parameter to assess the performance of systems that need to operate
without interruption for given time lengths. That being so, the faced problem is here to
assure the maximum reliability level up to the next planned stop. This problem is well
known to be NP-hard since it falls into the non linear knapsack problems. It can be easily
expressed in terms of mathematical programming but this approach becomes the more
difficult the bigger the problem dimensions are, consequently leading to an unacceptable
computational time. For this reason an exact algorithm is proposed in order to individuate
the set of components on which performing maintenance actions and for each of them
determining the number of failed elements that must be replaced so as the maximum
reliability level is achieved up to the end of the next mission. At the same time a cost and
time constraint are considered for the reliability maximization. The formulated algorithm
assures computational times considerably shorter than those reported in literature or
required by mathematical programming. This is proven by solving medium dimension
problems proposed in the literature. For larger problems, the results are compared with
those obtained by the mathematical programming approach.
KEYWORDS Maintenance optimization, reliability, multi-component system.
107
ABSTRACT Many systems require a high reliability value during their functioning.
This can be obtained by an opportune design and, subsequently, by an effective
maintenance policy. Limiting our analysis to the design phase, the problem has been
tackled in terms of redundancy allocation problem (RAP). That is, it needs to individuate
both the number and the type of elements, chosen among a given set, to be arranged in
parallel at each system stage. The goal is the reliability maximization with a budget
constraint or the cost minimization in respect of a minimum reliability value at which the
system must operate. The paper tackles a problem that is included in the RAP: for each
component of a series system it needs to select the type among those available for that
component, in order to maximize the system reliability subject to a budget constraint. The
problem can be formulated by a binary non linear programming model. Although the so
formulated problem is less complex than the RAP for a system having an equal number of
stages, it is equivalent to a knapsack problem with multiple-choice constraints, so it is
NP-hard. Therefore, the problem becomes more and more difficult to solve for increasing
number of components and alternatives. That being so, several heuristic approaches have
been proposed in literature to solve this kind of problem taking into account
medium-large dimensions. An exact algorithm is instead proposed for solving large
dimension problems to the optimum in a very short time. The algorithm is based on an
implicit enumeration of all possible solutions allowed by some appropriate and efficient
criteria, able to drastically reduce the number of solutions to be analyzed. The algorithm
efficiency is compared with the recent heuristics proposed in literature and the
computational tests results show the capability of the new algorithm to obtain the optimal
solution for practical-size problems in a short time.
KEYWORDS Reliability maximization, multiple-choice, exact algorithm, series
system.
108
Hong-Tsu Young*
Warp
f
b
Fig. 1 Schema of unbalanced stresses and wafer
warpage.
111
112
Fig. 11. Synchronous movement errors with Fig. 12. Accelerations of the machine
the use of three controllers
113
114
Fig. 8 Shape of ridges on workpiece at the front end of the abrasive particles
th
when the abrasive particles with diameter 36.2 are at the 6.036 step(feeding
length 12.072) in the downward and penetration process
Table 3 Projected area of contact face of the abrasive particles and action force
on projected area of unit contact face of the abrasive particles in X and Y
directions with three different diameters
X direction
Y direction
Diameter
Projected Action force on Projected
Action force on
of abrasive
area of
projected area
area of
projected area
particles()
contact
of unit contact
contact
of unit contact
face ( )
face (nN/ )
face ( )
face (nN/ )
21.72
48.093
1.202
112.892
1.695
28.96
56.416
1.048
159.207
1.592
36.20
63.658
0.989
205.522
1.459
2
Fig. 9 Project area of contact face: (a) Projected area of contact face by
the right side; (b) Projected area of contact face in the direction of top
view; and (c) Contact area between abrasive particles and workpiece
115
Fig. 11 Distribution of the stress of polishing pad (with chessboard pattern) functioned on the wafer at different angles
Fig. 14 Phenomenon of strain rings produced inside the groove at the edge of polishing pad with chessboard pattern.
116
117
118
ABSTRACT - The aim of this paper is to design an LED-based headlamp reflector with
free-form surface. After using software simulation, we found that the optical efficiency of
the reflector can be 70% and that only uses 2 sets of high power LED (3W/370LUM).
The function of designing a headlamp is to redistribute the light, which comes from the
source, to converge or diverge to the designated position locations, using reflection,
refraction or other means and to cope with the legal regulations. The method adopted in
this research is using multiple- reflection surfaces with freeform shape in one direction to
design the LED-based headlamp reflector. The advantages of this design are (a) simple
configuration, (b) easy manufacturing, and (c) less LED requirements. After simulation
with optical design software, the result meets the ECE R112 low-beam requirements.
119
120
500
1. FEM
400
D/H=0.694
D/H=0.690
300
2. SM
(2) SUS304
(1) SAE1039
2 (rad)
D/H=0.692
(3) SA516-70
0.2
1=699.440.11
200
0.1
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.3
(rad/sec)
0.4
0.5
2.0
1.8
(rad)
1.6
0.2
0.3
0.4
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.5
(rad/sec)
Fig.2 Variation of compression force and frictional angles with the angular
speed for FEM and slab method
121
GHS-based
Management
Server
Slave Device 1
RS-232
Internet
Wireless
Communication
Slave Device 2
RS-232
Local Laboratory
Management
Software
Master Device
Slave Device N
122
123
KEYWORDS - Free Trade Areas (FTA), Special Economic and Trade Zones (SETZ),
Export Processing Zones (EPZ).
124
125
Figure 2. The developed spraying system, the fabrication process, and the
fabricated devices.
Figure 4. The plot of the deposited CNT thickness with different spraying
pulse times.
126
127
128
129
ABSTRACT - Residual stresses arising from thermal mismatch in layered structures rank
among the major causes of mechanical failures in light-emitting diodes (LEDs),
integrated circuits (IC),electronic packages, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
structures. Applying analytical solutions to predict or calculate residual stresses
magnitude and distribution in thermostat-like multilayer structures has been widely
adopted by many researchers. This research is based on the multilayer theories of a
film-substrate system, such as Stoneys equations [9]-[11] and Suhirs formula [17]. To
discuss and distinguish their characteristics, finite element analysis (FEA) numerical
solutions and multilayer theory analytical solutions are compared and analyzed. This
encompasses the theories application spectrum as well as their prediction capability. This
work not only discusses the theories property and workability but also fabricates a
filmsubstrate bilayer structure made by gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafer to demonstrate the
feasibility of the finite element method (FEM) and bilayer theories in experiments. The
experimental result demonstrates that FEM is a feasible approach in predicting multilayer
structures mechanical behavior. Further, these theories workability is provided in a
detailed discussion and definition.
KEYWORDS Stoneys equation; Suhirs formula; residual stress; finite element
analysis
130
1
2.
2
1.
1
0.
7
0.1
8
0.08
0.1
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.08
By Burr-off tool
By new deburring tool
(d) After deburring(900rpm, 90mm/min)
Fig. 9 Deburring result by new deburring tool(main 14, cross 9)
5
131
132
ABSTRACT - This paper expresses an algorithm for an optical tool setting procedure
with two step B-axis rotations for cutting micro wedge surface grooves with a large side
angle. Experimental results show that the accuracy for a 10 times magnification vision
system is around 1 micron and the experiment has successfully compensated the error
from 555 nm to less than 30 nm. The developed algorithm can be integrated into the
tool path to compensate the cutting profile. Moreover, a designed groove could also be
used for tool calibration on the B-axis.
Future work will focus on the evaluation of the
cutting errors of the developed technique.
KEYWORDS - Tool Setting, Ultra-precision machine, Compensation, B-axis
133
ccsu3911@ms15.hinet.net
ABSTRACT - The thermal cracking may be analyzed through Bueckner's theory, strain
energy density theory, and the numerical analysis scheme. There are two primary factors
affecting the crack propagation. The first one is the position of crack tip and the second
one is whether the equivalent load on cracked surface containing shear stresses. From the
view point of equivalent loading, if the crack tip is kept in the area where the tension
stress is as large as possible and the shear stresses is as small as possible, compared with
the local tension stress, the cutting speed and quality will be greatly improved.
KEYWORDS - glass cutting, thermal Crack, laser.
134
luojiancqu2007@yahoo.com.cn
ABSTRACT -A T3 copper annular block was welded surround a 35CrMnSi low alloy
high strength steel shaft by inertia radial friction welding (IRFW). Characteristics and
microstructure of the joint have been analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). Element diffusion near the interface has been detected by
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Experimental results show that
superplastic deformation is found in copper side close to the steel, grain size of which is
much smaller than that of the copper base mental, while in the steel side, there is no
significant deformation occurring, but there existing a quenching zone with acicular
martensite. In addition, there is diffusion or infiltration of elements occurring at the
interface region during welding.
KEYWORDS - Friction welding; Copper; Low alloy high strength steel; Interface
diffusion
135
1098403102@cc.kuas.edu.tw
ABSTRACT - This study carries out an FEM simulation on compression forming of
double-layer clad sheet by SUPERFORM commercial software. Frictions between the
upper and lower dies and the clad sheet are assumed as Coulomb friction, but can be
different. The shape of the outer surface, the equivalent stress-strain distributions,
velocity field, and the compression force can be determined form the FEM. With a view
to verifying the results of FEM Simulation, the simulation results can be compared with
the analytical model based on the slab method. In this study, effects of various
compression conditions such as the clad thickness ratio, the shear yield stress ratio, the
frictional coefficient ratio, the width thickness ratio, the frictional coefficient etc on the
compression characteristics are explored by the both methods. The compression force
based on both models is compared to prove the feasibility of the FEM simulation.
136
25 oC
80
Transmittance (%)
Transmittance (%)
100
Modeling
Experimental data
60
40
20
800 oC
80
Modeling
Experimental data
40
10
Reflectance (%)
Reflectance (%)
25 oC
80
Modeling
Experimental data
60
40
20
0
10
100
100
800 oC
80
Modeling
Experimental data
60
40
20
0
1
100
10
10
100
80
25 oC
Emittance (%)
Emittance, %
80
Modeling
Experimental data
60
40
60
40
20
0
20
800 oC
Modeling
Experimental data
-20
1
0
1
10
Wavelength (m)
10
Wavelength (m)
137
80
Reflectance, %
Reflectance, %
100
60
40
20
0
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Wavelength, m
60
40
20
0
20
80
3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Wavelength, m
20
Fig. 1 Reflectance measurements by DTGS detector, where the dash curves are predicted with the
present model.
1
1x10
(d) at 1000K
6
(b) n at 1000K
19
5.310
19
1x10
5.310
20
ND(cm-3 )=110
19
1.610
18
1.1101 7
5.210
Extinction coefficient,
Refractive index, n
18
ND (cm-3)=110
-1
5.210
20
19
1x10
1.610
-2
1x10
16
110
1.110
17
-3
1x10
1
1
-4
1x10
10
Wavelength, (m)
100
10
Wavelength, (m)
100
Fig. 4. Calculated refractive index and extinction coefficient of n-type silicon for different doping levels
at 1000K.
138
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1 Simulation results with voltage 3V and electrolyte 0.5m/s:
(a) temperature and (b) processing depth distributions.
139
140
141
ABSTRACT Compared with the conventional LCD vacuum injection method, the
one drop filling (ODF) technology can save the process time and liquid crystal material
in the large-sized TFT-LCD cell process. However, the precise alignment is difficult to
accomplish in the ODF assembly process especially for new generation 8.5G or beyond
8.5G. Accordingly, there are two main problems in the ODF assembly process when the
th
substrate size is enlarged beyond the 5 G(1100mmx1300mm) that is 1) an extremely
accuracy vacuum assembly system technology should be invented, 2) when two
substrates are bonded together, how to avoid destroying the sealant. In this paper, the
technology of the small vacuum chuck, QFT controller, and PZT piezoelectric actuator
are presented for solving the above problems.
KEYWORDS ODF, small vacuum chuck, PZT piezoelectric actuator, Quantitative
Feedback Theory
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
ABSTRACT - Neural networks were used to model the hole damage during the
drilling process of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC). The extent of the hole damage
after drilling were first experimentally assessed. Design Of Experiment (DOE) and
ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) allowed interpreting the influence of the operational
parameters on hole damage. The experimental factors having significant effects on
hole damage, that is, cutting speed, feed and twist drill diameter, were used as input
processing elements (PEs) in the neural networks models. MLP, RBF and SOFM
neural network models were then employed to find the best way to predict the hole
area damage. MLP was the fittest model whilst SOFM neural network model gives the
best results allowing a damage classification in four classes.
KEYWORDS - RPC, Hole Damage, Design of Experiments, Analysis of Variance,
Neural Networks.
149
fkchen@ntu.edu.tw
ABSTRACT - The stamping process for manufacturing cell phone cases with
magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets was studied using both the experimental approach and
the finite element analysis. The formability of AZ31 magnesium-alloy sheet at
elevated temperatures was studied first. The experimental results reveal that the
forming of AZ31 sheets becomes possible as long as the sheet is heated to an elevated
o
150