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Psychology 6/e
Test Bank II
40
CHAPTER
Learning Objectives
1.
Describe the structure of a neuron, and explain how neural impulses are generated.
3.
Describe how nerve cells communicate, and discuss the impact of neurotransmitters and drugs on
human behavior.
Identify the major divisions of the nervous system and describe their functions, noting the three
types of neurons that transmit information through the system.
5.
Contrast the simplicity of the neural pathways involved in reflexes with the complexity of neural
networks.
7.
Describe the functions of the brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and limbic system.
8.
Identify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex, and describe the sensory and motor functions of the
cortex.
9.
Discuss the importance of the association areas, and describe how damage to several different
cortical areas can impair language functioning.
10.
11.
Describe research on the split brain, and discuss what it reveals regarding normal brain
functioning.
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Discuss the relationships among brain organization, right- and left-handedness, and physical
health.
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2.
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5.
Describe the nature and functions of the endocrine system and its interaction with the nervous
system.
Introduction, p. 47
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 1, Ans: c
Aristotle believed that the mind was most intimately connected with the:
a. head.
b. stomach.
c. heart.
d. liver.
Introduction, p. 47
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 1, Ans: e
The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a persons abilities and traits is
called:our
a. evolutionary psychology.
b. behavior genetics.
c. molecular biology.
d. biological psychology.
e. phrenology.
Introduction, p. 47
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 1, Ans: d
Who first suggested that different regions of the brain control different aspects of behavior?
a. Aristotle
b. Hippocrates
c. John Locke
d. Franz Gall
Introduction, p. 48
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 1, Ans: b
Professor Samuels conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual
motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as:
a. clinical psychology.
b. biological psychology.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. psychiatry.
e. behavior genetics.
Neurons, p. 48
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: a
The cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the bodys information processing system are
called:
a. neurons.
b. neurotransmitters.
c. vesicles.
d. glial cells.
Neurons, p. 48
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d
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The branching extensions of nerve cells that receive incoming signals from sensory receptors or
from other neurons are called the:
a. axons.
b. synapses.
c. cell bodies.
d. dendrites.
e. neurotransmitters.
Neurons, p. 48
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d
The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is
called the:
a. dendrite.
b. synapse.
c. association area.
d. axon.
e. cell body.
Neurons, p. 48
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: a
Which part of a neuron is often encased by the myelin sheath?
a. axon
b. glial cell
c. cell body
d. dendrite
Neurons, p. 48
Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 2, Ans: b
Signal reception is to ________ as signal transmission is to ________.
a. interneuron; neural network
b. dendrite; axon
c. neurotransmitter; hormone
d. sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
Neurons, p. 48
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d
The myelin sheath helps to increase the ________ of neural impulses.
a. frequency
b. intensity
c. threshold
d. speed
Neurons, p. 48
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d
The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:
a. dendrites.
b. blood cells.
c. corpus callosum.
d. myelin sheath.
e. pituitary gland.
Neurons, p. 49
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: a
An action potential refers to a:
a. neural impulse.
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Chapter 2
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b. synaptic gap.
c. neurotransmitter.
d. reflex.
13.
14.
15.
16.
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Neurons, p. 49
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: c
The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron produces a(n):
a. neural network.
b. synapse.
c. action potential.
d. myelin sheath.
e. interneuron.
Neurons, p. 49
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: c
The resting potential of a neuron refers to:
a. a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon.
b. the storage of neurotransmitter molecules within synaptic vesicles.
c. the electrical imbalance between the inside and outside of the neural membrane.
d. a capacity to reabsorb neurotransmitter molecules released into the synaptic gap.
Neurons, p. 49
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: b
The selective permeability of a neural membrane creates a(n):
a. myelin sheath.
b. resting potential.
c. neural network.
d. association area.
e. lesion.
Neurons, p. 50
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d
A neural impulse is generated only when excitatory minus inhibitory signals exceed a certain:
a. action potential.
b. synaptic gap.
c. computed tomography.
d. threshold.
Neurons, p. 50
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 2, Ans: d
An all-or-none response pattern is characteristic of the:
a. activation of either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic system.
b. release of endorphins into the central nervous system.
c. release of hormones into the bloodstream.
d. initiation of neural impulses.
e. inheritance of behavioral predispositions.
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Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your stomach muscles by the:
a. limbic system.
b. central nervous system.
c. sympathetic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.
e. reticular formation.
The peripheral nervous system, p. 55
Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 4, Ans: b
The sympathetic nervous system ________ digestion and ________ heartbeat.
a. accelerates; decelerates
b. decelerates; accelerates
c. accelerates; accelerates
d. decelerates; decelerates
The peripheral nervous system, p. 55
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: b
When Mr. Valdez thought his 1-year-old daughter had fallen down the stairs, his heartbeat
accelerated, his blood pressure rose, and he began to perspire heavily. Mr. Valdezs state of
arousal was activated by his ________ nervous system.
a. parasympathetic
b. sympathetic
c. somatic
d. sensorimotor
e. central
The peripheral nervous system, p. 55
Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: e
Accelerated digestion is to decelerated digestion as the ________ nervous system is to the
________ nervous system.
a. somatic; autonomic
b. autonomic; somatic
c. central; peripheral
d. sympathetic; parasympathetic
e. parasympathetic; sympathetic
The peripheral nervous system, p. 55
Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 4, Ans: d
The parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as ________ is to
________.
a. pupil dilation; pupil contraction
b. increasing blood pressure; decreasing blood pressure
c. inhibition of digestion; stimulation of digestion
d. lowering of blood sugar; raising of blood sugar
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The brainstem, p. 61
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: e
Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the:
a. amygdala
b. hippocampus.
c. angular gyrus.
d. corpus callosum.
e. medulla.
The brainstem, p. 61
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: d
In which brain structure are nerves from the left side of the brain routed to the right side of the
body?
a. thalamus
b. cerebellum
c. reticular formation
d. brainstem
The brainstem, p. 61
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a
Which nerve network in the brainstem plays an important role in controlling arousal?
a. reticular formation
b. hypothalamus
c. cerebellum
d. medulla
The brainstem, p. 61
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a
Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a:
a. sleeping cat to awaken.
b. hungry cat to stop eating.
c. violent cat to become passive.
d. thirsty cat to drink.
The thalamus, p. 62
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: c
The thalamus serves as a:
a. memory bank.
b. pleasure center.
c. sensory switchboard.
d. master gland.
The thalamus, p. 62
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: e
Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by
damage to your:
a. corpus callosum.
b. angular gyrus.
c. hippocampus.
d. cerebellum.
e. thalamus.
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The cerebellum, p. 62
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: b
A loss of physical coordination and balance is most likely to result from damage to the:
a. hypothalamus.
b. cerebellum.
c. corpus callosum.
d. amygdala.
Lower-level brain structures, pp. 62-63
Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: b
The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.
a. eating; sleeping
b. breathing; walking
c. emotion; motivation
d. memory; attention
e. hearing; seeing
The limbic system, pp. 62-63
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: b
The amygdala and hypothalamus are part of the:
a. brainstem.
b. limbic system.
c. reticular formation.
d. cerebral cortex.
The amygdala, pp. 62-63
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a
Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as rage and fear?
a. amygdala
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. medulla
The amygdala, pp. 62-63
Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: d
If Professor Conklin lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, it is most likely that the rat will
become:
a. hungry.
b. aggressive.
c. physically uncoordinated.
d. less emotional.
The hypothalamus, p. 63
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: a
The activity of the hypothalamus most directly influences:
a. hunger and thirst.
b. muscular coordination.
c. attention and memory.
d. heartbeat and breathing.
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The hypothalamus, p. 63
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: b
The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the:
a. reticular formation.
b. hypothalamus.
c. amygdala.
d. cerebellum.
The hypothalamus, p. 64
Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 7, Ans: c
Olds discovered that rats would willingly cross an electrified floor in order to electrically
stimulate areas within their:
a. reticular formation.
b. cerebellum.
c. hypothalamus.
d. sensory cortex.
The hypothalamus, p. 64
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 7, Ans: d
Alicia tends to binge on sweets. Her doctor thinks that her binging may be due to a genetically
disposed deficiency in the brain systems for pleasure, referred to as:
a. pleasure deduction syndrome.
b. reward stimulation addiction.
c. pleasure addiction.
d. reward deficiency syndrome.
The cerebral cortex, p. 64
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: b
Which region of the human brain best distinguishes us from other animals?
a. reticular formation
b. cerebral cortex
c. limbic system
d. hypothalamus
The cerebral cortex, p. 65
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: a
Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from:
a. glial cells.
b. neurotransmitters.
c. motor neurons.
d. hormones.
The cerebral cortex, p. 65
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 8, Ans: a
Which regions of the cerebral cortex lie at the back of the head and receive visual information?
a. occipital lobes
b. parietal lobes
c. temporal lobes
d. association areas
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Brain reorganization, p. 71
Difficult, Factual/Definitional, Objective 10, Ans: c
101. Visual information processing within the temporal lobe of deaf people who communicate with
sign language best illustrates:
a. aphasia.
b. tomography.
c. plasticity.
d. phrenology.
e. hemispherectomy.
Brain reorganization, p. 71
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 10, Ans: d
102. After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to
receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his
adjacent fingers. This best describes the value of:
a. phrenology.
b. aphasia.
c. hemispherectomy.
d. tomography.
Brain reorganization, p. 71
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 10, Ans: a
103. The aging brain can partially compensate for the gradual loss of neurons by:
a. generating new brain cells.
b. increasing the speed of the action potential.
c. inhibiting the growth of glial cells.
d. decreasing the production of acetylcholine.
Brain reorganization, p. 71
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 10, Ans: e
104. When Susan was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral
hemisphere. Susan is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best
illustrates the importance of:
a. aphasia.
b. hemispherectomy.
c. phrenology.
d. tomography.
e. plasticity.
Our divided brains, p. 72
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 11, Ans: d
105. The left cerebral hemisphere is typically superior to the right in:
a. spatial reasoning.
b. language comprehension.
c. visual perception.
d. musical abilities.
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117. Performing scientific research involves brain activity in the ________ cerebral hemisphere(s);
writing a story involves brain activity in the ________ cerebral hemisphere(s).
a. left; right
b. right; left
c. left; right and left
d. right and left; right and left
The endocrine system, p. 80
Easy, Factual/Definitional, Objective 13, Ans: c
118. The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are called:
a. neurotransmitters.
b. glial cells.
c. hormones.
d. agonists.
e. genes.
The endocrine system, pp. 50, 80
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 13, Ans: b
119. Neurotransmitter is to hormone as ________ is to ________.
a. pancreas; hypothalamus
b. nervous system; endocrine system
c. sympathetic; parasympathetic
d. sensory neuron; motor neuron
e. cerebral cortex; limbic system
The endocrine system, p. 81
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 13, Ans: d
120. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the ________ gland(s).
a. thyroid
b. pituitary
c. parathyroid
d. adrenal
e. thymus
The endocrine system, p. 81
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 13, Ans: d
121. The release of epinephrine into the bloodstream is most likely to:
a. lower blood sugar.
b. reduce blood pressure.
c. stimulate digestion.
d. accelerate heartbeat.
The endocrine system, pp. 52, 81
Medium, Conceptual, Objective 13, Ans: d
122. Neurotransmitter is to hormone as acetylcholine is to:
a. glucose.
b. endorphins.
c. dopamine.
d. epinephrine.
e. agonist.
The endocrine system, pp. 63, 81
Difficult, Conceptual, Objective 13, Ans: d
123. Endocrine system is to nervous system as ________ is to ________.
a. amygdala; limbic system
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b. neurotransmitter; hormone
c. thalamus; cerebellum
d. pituitary; hypothalamus
The endocrine system, p. 81
Medium, Factual/Definitional, Objective 13, Ans: d
124. Which gland regulates body growth and controls the functioning of other glands?
a. parathyroid gland
b. adrenal gland
c. thyroid gland
d. pituitary gland