Grape

This article is about the fruits of the genus Vitis. For the occurring in clusters.
European grapevine, see Vitis vinifera. For other uses,
see Grape (disambiguation).
A grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody

1 History
The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000
8,000 years ago in the Near East.[1] The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of winemaking in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in
Georgia.[2][3]
Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms,
occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the
innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest known production occurred around 8,000 years ago
on the territory of Georgia.[4] During an extensive genemapping project, archaeologists analyzed the heritage of
more than 110 modern grape cultivars, and narrowed
their origin to a region in Georgia, where wine residues
were also discovered on the inner surfaces of 8,000-yearold ceramic storage jars.[5] The oldest winery was found
in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC. By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some
of the nest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been
proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city
in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of
purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks,
Phoenicians and Romans growing purple grapes for both
eating and wine production. The growing of grapes would
later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North
Africa, and eventually in North America.

Grapes

In North America, native grapes belonging to various

species of the Vitis genus proliferate in the wild across
the continent, and were a part of the diet of many Native
Americans, but were considered by European colonists to
be unsuitable for wine. Vitis vinifera cultivars were imported for that purpose.

2 Description
Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15
to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow,
vines of the botanical genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten green, orange and pink. White grapes are actually
raw or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the
jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of
oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally white grapes turn o production of anthocyanins, which
White table grapes

5 TABLE AND WINE GRAPES

are responsible for the color of purple grapes.[6] Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family
of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the
varying shades of purple in red wines.[7][8] Grapes are
typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.

Grapevines

Main article: Vitis

Most grapes come from cultivars of Vitis vinifera, the Eu-

dried fruit. A portion of grape production goes to producing grape juice to be reconstituted for fruits canned with
no added sugar and 100% natural. The area dedicated
to vineyards is increasing by about 2% per year.
There are no reliable statistics that break down grape production by variety. It is believed that the most widely
planted variety is Sultana, also known as Thompson Seedless, with at least 3,600 km2 . (880,000 acres) dedicated
to it. The second most common variety is Airn. Other
popular varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon
blanc, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Grenache, Tempranillo,
Riesling and Chardonnay.[9]

5 Table and wine grapes

Concord is a variety of North American labrusca grape

ropean grapevine native to the Mediterranean and Central

Asia. Minor amounts of fruit and wine come from American and Asian species such as:
Vitis labrusca, the North American table and grape
juice grapevines (including the Concord cultivar),
sometimes used for wine, are native to the Eastern
United States and Canada.
Vitis riparia, a wild vine of North America, is sometimes used for winemaking and for jam. It is native
to the entire Eastern U.S. and north to Quebec.
Vitis rotundifolia, the muscadines, used for jams and Wine grapes on the vine
wine, are native to the Southeastern United States
Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classifrom Delaware to the Gulf of Mexico.
ed as either table or wine grapes, based on their in Vitis amurensis is the most important Asian species.
tended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes)
or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of
them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and
4 Distribution and production
wine grapes have signicant dierences, brought about
through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin
(FAO), 75,866 square kilometers of the world are dedi- skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have
cated to grapes. Approximately 71% of world grape pro- relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in wineduction is used for wine, 27% as fresh fruit, and 2% as making, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the

3
skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are
harvested at the time when their juice is approximately
24% sugar by weight. By comparison, commercially produced 100% grape juice, made from table grapes is
usually around 15% sugar by weight.[11]

A currant is a dried Zante Black Corinth grape, the

name being a corruption of the French raisin de Corinthe
(Corinth grape). Currant has also come to refer to the
blackcurrant and redcurrant, two berries unrelated to
grapes.

A sultana was originally a raisin made from Sultana

grapes of Turkish origin (known as Thompson Seedless
6 Seedless grapes
in the United States), but the word is now applied to
raisins made from either white grapes or red grapes that
Seedless cultivars now make up the overwhelming ma- are bleached to resemble the traditional sultana.
jority of table grape plantings. Because grapevines are
vegetatively propagated by cuttings, the lack of seeds does
not present a problem for reproduction. It is an issue for
8 Juice
breeders, who must either use a seeded variety as the female parent or rescue embryos early in development using
tissue culture techniques.
There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and
essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of
three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless,
and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera.
There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin
Gunnelss Prime seedless grapes, Reliance and Venus,
have been specically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United
States and southern Ontario.[12]
An oset to the improved eating quality of seedlessness
is the loss of potential health benets provided by the enriched phytochemical content of grape seeds (see Health
claims, below).[13][14]

Raisins, currants and sultanas

Grape Juice

Raisins

In most of Europe and North America, dried grapes are

referred to as raisins or the local equivalent. In the UK,
three dierent varieties are recognized, forcing the EU to
use the term Dried vine fruit in ocial documents.
A raisin is any dried grape. While raisin is a French
loanword, the word in French refers to the fresh fruit;
grappe (from which the English grape is derived) refers
to the bunch (as in une grappe de raisins).

Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending

grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or
fermented and made into wine, brandy or vinegar. In the
wine industry, grape juice that contains 723% of pulp,
skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as "must". In
North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes while white grape
juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of
which are varieties of native American grapes, a dierent species from European wine grapes. In California,
Sultana (known there as Thompson Seedless) grapes are
sometimes diverted from the raisin or table market to produce white juice.[15]

HEALTH CLAIMS

Health claims

Although adoption of wine consumption is not recommended by some health authorities,[18] a signicant volMain articles: Health eects of wine and Grape and ume of research indicates moderate consumption, such as
one glass of red wine a day for women and two for men,
raisin toxicity in dogs
may confer health benets.[19][20][21] Emerging evidence
is that wine polyphenols like resveratrol[22] provide physiological benet whereas alcohol itself may have protective eects on the cardiovascular system.[23] More may
9.1 French paradox
be seen in the article the Long-term eects of alcohol.
Main article: French paradox
Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers
have discovered that although the French tend to eat
higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has
been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benets of regularly consuming red
wine. Apart from potential benets of alcohol itself, including reduced platelet aggregation and vasodilation,[16]
polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol) mainly in the grape skin
provide other suspected health benets, such as:[17]

9.2 Resveratrol
Main article: Resveratrol
Resveratrol is found in widely varying amounts among
grape varieties, primarily in their skins and seeds, which,
in muscadine grapes, have about one hundred times
higher concentration than pulp.[24] Fresh grape skin contains about 50 to 100 micrograms of resveratrol per
gram.[25]

Alteration of molecular mechanisms in blood ves9.3

sels, reducing susceptibility to vascular damage

Anthocyanins and other phenolics

Decreased activity of angiotensin, a systemic hormone causing blood vessel constriction that would
elevate blood pressure
Increased production of the vasodilator hormone,
nitric oxide (endothelium-derived relaxing factor)

Grape cross-section

Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas avan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the
more abundant phenolic in white varieties.[26] Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength,
is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence
of anthocyanins in white grape skin.[26] It is these anthocyanins that are attracting the eorts of scientists to dene their properties for human health.[27] Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition,
climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or
exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections.
Using grape leaves in cuisine (Dolma)

Red wine may oer health benets more so than white

because potentially benecial compounds are present in

5
grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins.
The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its
resveratrol content.[28] Ordinary non-muscadine red wine
contains between 0.2 and 5.8 mg/L,[29] depending on the
grape variety, because it is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to absorb the resveratrol. By contrast, a
white wine contains lower phenolic contents because it is
fermented after removal of skins.
Wines produced from muscadine grapes may contain more than 40 mg/L, an exceptional phenolic content.[24][30] In muscadine skins, ellagic acid,
myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and trans-resveratrol
are major phenolics.[31] Contrary to previous results, ellagic acid and not resveratrol is the major phenolic in
muscadine grapes.
The avonols syringetin, syringetin 3-O-galactoside,
laricitrin and laricitrin 3-O-galactoside are also found in
purple grape but absent in white grape.[32]

9.4

10 Religious signicance
See also: Wine Religious_uses
In the Bible, grapes are rst mentioned when Noah grows
them on his farm (Genesis 9:2021). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the
book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20
25. Deuteronomy 18:35,14:2227,16:1315 tell of the
use of wine during Jewish feasts. Grapes were also signicant to both the Greeks and Romans, and their god of
agriculture, Dionysus, was linked to grapes and wine, being frequently portrayed with grape leaves on his head.[40]
Grapes are especially signicant for Christians, who since
the Early Church have used wine in their celebration of
the Eucharist.[41] Views on the signicance of the wine
vary between denominations. In Christian art, grapes often represent the blood of Christ, such as the grape leaves
in Caravaggios John the Baptist.

Seed constituents

11 Use in religion
Main articles: Grape seed extract and Grape seed oil
Biochemical and preliminary clinical studies have
demonstrated potential biological properties of grape
seed oligomeric procyanidins.[33] For example, laboratory tests indicated a potential anticancer eect from
grape seed extract.[34] According to the American Cancer Society, there is very little reliable scientic evidence available at this time that drinking red wine, eating
grapes, or following the grape diet can prevent or treat
cancer in people.[35]
Grape seed oil from crushed seeds is used in
cosmeceuticals and skincare products for perceived
health benets. Grape seed oil contains tocopherols
(vitamin E) and high contents of phytosterols and
polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic
acid and alpha-linolenic acid.[36][37][38]

9.5

Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs

Main article: Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs

The consumption of grapes and raisins presents a potential health threat to dogs. Their toxicity to dogs can cause
the animal to develop acute renal failure (the sudden development of kidney failure) with anuria (a lack of urine
production) and may be fatal.[39]

See also: Christian views on alcohol

Grape juice, because of its non-alcoholic content, is commonly used by those Christians who oppose the partaking of alcoholic beverages, as the cup or wine in the
Lords Supper.[42]
The Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the
Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down
through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last
Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread
and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus
Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation.[43] Wine is
used (not grape juice) both due to its strong Scriptural
roots, and also to follow the tradition set by the early
Christian Church.[44] The Code of Canon Law of the
Catholic Church (1983), Canon 924 says that the wine
used must be natural, made from grapes of the vine, and
not corrupt.[45] In some circumstances, a priest may obtain special permission to use grape juice for the consecration, however this is extremely rare and typically requires sucient impetus to warrant such a dispensation,
such as personal health of the priest.
Although alcohol is permitted in Judaism, grape juice is
sometimes used as an alternative for kiddush on Shabbat
and Jewish holidays and it has the same blessing as wine.
Many authorities maintain that grape juice must be capable of turning into wine naturally in order to be used
for kiddush. Common practice, however, is to use any
kosher grape juice for kiddush.

14 SOURCES

12

Gallery

Flower buds
Flowers
Immature fruit
Grapes in Iran
Vineyard in the Troodos Mountains

13

See also

Annual growth cycle of grapevines

Propagation of grapevines
Grape syrup
Drakshasava, a traditional Ayurvedic tonic made
from grapes
List of grape varieties

14

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15 Further reading
Creasy, G. L. and L. L. Creasy. (2009). Grapes
(Crop Production Science in Horticulture). CABI.
ISBN 978-1-84593-401-9
Media related to Grapes at Wikimedia Commons

16

16
16.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

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Wnissen, Hashar, Jengod, Hemmer, HolIgor, Eszett, Pablo Mayrgundter, Tpbradbury, Imc, Rei, Karukera, Robbot, Hankwang, Chris
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sleep, clown will eat me, Emrrans, Elakazal, TheGerm, Ioscius, Yidisheryid, Xiner, Rrburke, Lesnail, GeorgeMoney, Whpq, Ledeburite,
Smooth O, Kingdon, Shrine of Fire, Nakon, Akral, G716, Weregerbil, Protein Analyzer, DMacks, Kukini, Vildricianus, ArglebargleIV,
Anlace, Mouse Nightshirt, Vanished user 9i39j3, Kuru, John, Ryandaum, Kipala, SilkTork, Luizabpr, Joelmills, Ben Moore, AaronEJ,
Cserlajos, 16@r, A. Parrot, MarkSutton, Boomshadow, Waggers, Dhp1080, Dewdude, Spiyxd, Peter Horn, Jose77, Hiroe, Twunchy,
Iridescent, Windjade, MIckStephenson, Tmangray, Twas Now, CapitalR, Tjtenor2, Courcelles, Thricecube, Me12, Tawkerbot2, Dlohcierekim, JForget, CmdrObot, Dycedarg, Scohoust, JohnCD, Nunquam Dormio, KnightLago, NickW557, ShelfSkewed, MarsRover,
Ballista, Howefortunate, Johner, Nauticashades, Phatom87, Mweston85, NealIRC, Future Perfect at Sunrise, Fighting the man, Vanished
user vjhsduheuiui4t5hjri, Gogo Dodo, Bridgecross, Khatru2, Lalli, Agne27, Dancter, Odie5533, Clovis Sangrail, DumbBOT, Vinny24,
Digon3, Epbr123, Nyctalopia, Dasani, Mojo Hand, Mchtegern, Marek69, Allyx3, Tapir Terric, NorwegianBlue, X201, Cool Blue,
Mnemeson, Karamell, Dfrg.msc, MichaelMaggs, Natalie Erin, Asforputin, Escarbot, LachlanA, AntiVandalBot, Luna Santin, Seaphoto,
Herald Alberich, Opelio, Timzor, EarthPerson, Dr. Blofeld, 17Drew, TimVickers, Farosdaughter, Gdo01, Spencer, Paul144, Sluzzelin,
JAnDbot, Leuko, Porlob, MER-C, Plantsurfer, Zzatz, Almeidlm, Roleplayer, Hut 8.5, Savant13, TheEditrix2, I80and, Pedro, Murgh,
Bongwarrior, VoABot II, AtticusX, JNW, JamesBWatson, Faizhaider, Janadore, Smoulding, Steven Walling, Aka042, Midgrid, Hiplibrarianship, Animum, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, Allstarecho, ArmadilloFromHell, DerHexer, Philg88, Megalodon99, Khalid Mahmood, Nevit,
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Excirial, Quercus basaseachicensis, Jusdafax, The7ruth, Gtstricky, Telekenesis, Sun Creator, NuclearWarfare, Nickispeaki, DeltaQuad,
Issilverliningacidrain, Ottawa4ever, La Pianista, Thingg, Franklin.vp, Vegetator, Nicholas Evan, Russian1080, Ndoop, Versus22, Introductory adverb clause, BlueDevil, Berean Hunter, SoxBot III, KillsHobos, Apparition11, Goodvac, Vanished user uih38riiw4hjlsd, Lame
gamer180, Bcherwrmlein, Joopwiki, Queerbubbles, BarretB, XLinkBot, Naidurayapati, AlexGWU, Fastily, Stickee, Rror, Avoided,
Skarebo, Koolkid101, PL290, Dnvrfantj, Growinginterest, Addbot, Wran, Gmsoccer18, Blurgalhoot, Willking1979, Aitkens romeo, DOI
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gentleman?, Jackaz195, , Nagualdesign, Codeman2013, FrescoBot, Dogposter, Evanmolineux, BAMBAM555, BrownyCat, Pin-

16.2

Images

kladie, TimonyCrickets, Recognizance, D'ohBot, ZenerV, Fiddler on the green, Citation bot 1, Ntse, Programmer13, Pinethicket, Boulaur,
HRoestBot, Roodi2000, Bialikhebrew, Calmer Waters, AmphBot, GoGoWikiRangers, A8UDI, Mutinus, Shiva Khanal, Toymenandshco.,
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C messier, Wayoine81, Gryllida, FoxBot, Jordgette, Sheogorath, ItsZippy, Lotje, Vrenator, Extra999, Wineohio, Reaper Eternal,
, Weedwhacker128, Yallob, Suusion of Yellow, TomBobLouis, Tbhotch, Stroppolo, LisaForWiki, Jfmantis, Zwenfger1, Munkitty
Tunkitty, Mean as custard, Phillip200, Bento00, Galloping Moses, Jelly bean chocolate, Joseph315, Latinlover2010, Jlaurenson, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, Immunize, Fingernail99, Katherine, Yt95, RA0808, Minimacs Clone, Dk.cheese, Icantthinkofasuitableusername,
RenamedUser01302013, Alipwnzor, Destiny1018, Tommy2010, Loisandizzyrules, Wikipelli, Copperwinker, Sheeana, Djembayz, Brynjarkarl, Lucas Thoms, Crusader312, Nuggetmuncher, Mra mra mra, Comesturnruler, Yatey, WootWoot1314, Dragonyir, Iloveericdavis,
Thargor Orlando, Maureen111, Maureen113, Maureen112, Booooooooom, GreenSpork, Nik1027, Soccerdude0248, EWikist, SporkBot, CHA1773, FinalRapture, Ankit Maity, Wayne Slam, Tolly4bolly, Hopnip, Jay-Sebastos, Venom789456123, Ahtippetts, IGeMiNix,
Coasterlover1994, L Kensington, Alborzagros, Orange Suede Sofa, CodyMThompson, Heng620, NTox, VictorianMutant, Iateadonuttoo,
Rocopter835, DASHBotAV, 16pfrady, Superyoungfemale, Hotrammer, Qeop, Wptoler, Thinkfood, Will Beback Auto, ClueBot NG,
Tinykid55, CRJ200yer, Gareth Grith-Jones, Quack123Q, Munkido, 69connor, This lousy T-shirt, Rubber211, Spenser4Hire, Lollollollol4, Gwendal, PaleCloudedWhite, Sthomas1089, Encycloshave, Dabuddy, Delusion23, Dr.Cena, Somamary, Rere94, C.gon 7,
Otterluv23, Widr, Karl 334, J.walt Ftdubs, Goblue555, Pluma, Helpful Pixie Bot, Drwbunny, Candleabracadabra, Rapshazel, Ahura21,
Lopezzinho, Ryanslack1994, Snaevar-bot, Wasbeer, Banananinja126, PTJoshua, JamesCloer, PhnomPencil, William heernan4, 7up lover
pepsi lover fanta sucker, Weblars, Dan653, Jahnavisatyan, Mark Arsten, Thekillerpenguin, LOLlobbys, Chrispy27, RyuNasake, Saalrlayh,
Snow Blizzard, NotWith, Granateple, Steven bacon did it, Leaboo7, Maniccia97, Wikikikihaha bannannana, Maurice Flesier, Neighbfc,
Jumper5698, Glacialfox, Shirudo, This guy over there, Bicboi24, Klilidiplomus, Achowat, Cbell12345, Chip123456, Georgey808, Gil630,
Finstaaman, DominoShadow, Genyaz, Hghyux, Bigbottomedgirl, 1234lightning1234, Fortiscursor, Aliwal2012, YourMommaSoFat, Jarretsmith, Brandong1394, TylerDurden8823, 7cc.19edv, Ashmt, Dimwit214, Yaotacon, Devonscotttuschen, Sminthopsis84, Mckinney632,
Webclient101, Samartali, Ejdjr, Handsomeransom, Awesoham, Lugia2453, Meala001, Graphium, DeMaster001, VasHappeninPotatoes,
The Super Martin Waller, Wisteriaprincess1, Kebabismyfriend97, Seiharu85, Bilalhussain126, Canundmychanges, Hassammunkbari,
Aftabbanoori, Amber.soyk, Courtney.eller, Bkrouskos, Kookooforcoacoapus, J1g2s3, Cmckain14, Goatgoat1, Cmil134, Hoppeduppeanut, Jrzee45, Lahme4ever, No1inparticularhere, Legos=aids, Rik12345, Greenority5, SophieCristabel66, Tortie tude, Majesticbutterking, Jumpingwater, Okemu, Tannella Shallen, Ginsuloft, Lsekdjwe, Djcheddabob1, Kunnumma, Bellus Delphina and Anonymous:
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File:Abhar-iran.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Abhar-iran.JPG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Dragonyir
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File:ConcordGrapes.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/ConcordGrapes.jpg License: Public domain
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Howcheng
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File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Iran.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg License: Public domain Contributors: URL http://www.isiri.org/portal/files/std/1.htm and an English translation / interpretation at URL http://flagspot.net/flags/ir'.html
Original artist: Various
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artist: ?
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Bordalo Pinheiro (1910; generic design); Vtor Lus Rodrigues; Antnio Martins-Tuvlkin (2004; this specic vector set: see sources)
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Turkish Historical Society (Trk Tarih Kurumu) Original artist: David Benbennick (original author)

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TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Flag_of_the_People{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_

People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/
design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370
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File:Padlock-silver.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg License: CC0 Contributors:
http://openclipart.org/people/Anonymous/padlock_aj_ashton_01.svg Original artist: This image le was created by AJ Ashton. Uploaded
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File:Sugarcane_field.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Sugarcane_field.jpg License: Public domain
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File:Table_grapes_on_white.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Table_grapes_on_white.jpg License:
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