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Ratio
Learning Objectives
How to
compute
and
compare
two ratios
Effect of
increase or
decrease of
a quantity
on the ratio
The concept
and
application
of different
kinds of
ratio
Ratio
A ratio is a comparison of the sizes of two or more quantities of
the same kind (in same units) by methods of division.
If a and b are two quantities of the same kind then the fraction
a/b is called the ratio of a to b.
It is written as a : b or a/b
The quantities a and b are called the terms of the ratio, a is
called the first term or antecedent and b is called the second
term or consequent.
Points to Remember
1
Ratio exists only between quantities of the same kind. For Example:
There is no ratio between the height of a child and the salary of a
teacher.
The order of the terms in a ratio is important. For example - 4:5 5:4
Points to Remember - 2
5
Rajus weight is 48.8 kg. If he reduces his weight in the ratio of 8:7, find his new weight.
= 42.7 kg
Points to Remember - 3
6
Example
Ratio between 1 hour and 20 minutes
= Ratio between (1x60) min. and 20 min.
= 60 / 20 = 3/1 = 3:1
Points to Remember - 4
7
10
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Illustration 1
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Illustration 2
The ratio compounded of duplicate ratio of 4:5, triplicate
ratio of 1:3. sub duplicate ratio of 81:256 and sub triplicate
ratio of 125:512 is
(a) 4 : 512
(b) 3 : 32
(c) 1 : 120 (d) None of these
Solution
The duplicate of ratio of 4 : 5 is
42 : 52 = 16 : 25
The triplicate ratio of 1 : 3 is
13 : 33 = 1 : 27
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Illustration 2- Continued
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Illustration 3
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Illustration- 4
24
Illustration- 5
25
Illustration- 5- Continued
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Illustration- 6
27
Illustration- 6- Continued
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Illustration- 7
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Illustration- 8
A bag contains Rs. 187 in the form of 1 Rupee, 50 paise
and 10 paise coins in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5. Find the number
of each type of coins.
(a) 102, 136, 170 (b) 136, 102, 170 (c) 170, 102, 136
(d) None of these
Solution
Let the number of 1 Rupee, 50 paise and 10 paise coins be
3x, 4x and 5x respectively. Then,
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Illustration- 8- Continued
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Illustration- 9
32
Illustration- 10
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Illustration - 11
Find in what ratio will the wages of the employees in a
workshop be increased or decreased if there is a reduction
in the number of employees in the ratio 7 : 4 and an
increment in their wages in the ratio 16 : 21.
(a) 2 : 7
(b) 4 : 3
(c) 4 : 1
(d) 7 : 3
Solution
Let the original number of employees be x.
Therefore the number of employees after reduction will be
4x/7.
Let the (average) wages per worker be y
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Illustration - 12
The ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls in a
dance school of 360 students is 3 : 5. If 15 new girls are
admitted to the dance school, find how many new boys
should be admitted so that the ratio of the number of boys
to the number of girls becomes 4 : 5.
(a) 75
(b) 57
(c) 55
(d) 45
Solution
Let the number of boys and number of girls be 3x and 5x
Therefore 3x+5x = 360
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Thank You
Please see next part for e-Lecture on
Proportion