LISTENING

- Learntolistencritically:
o Beabletoidentifyinfluencesonpopularmusicartists
o Payspecificattentiontoimages,sounds,andiconographyusedby
individualperformers
- riff:repeatedpatterndesignedtogeneraterhythmicmomentum
- hook:amemorablemusicalphraseorriff
- groove:evokesthechanneledflowofenergyinmusic.ex.swinging,funky,
ofphatrhythms
- timbre:thequalityofsound,andoftenuniquetoavocalist,instrumentalist,or
producer.Oftenpartofanidentifiablesoundprint
- backbeat:heavyaccentonbeats2and4ofasongwith4beatsperbar.
o note:thisisdecidedlydifferentthattheaffectormoodofthemusic.
Affectcanbedefinedastheconscioussubjectiveaspectoffeelingor
emotionandismuchmoresubjectivethattimbre.
- Identifysignificantpopularmusicforms
o StrophicForm
o BluesForm(AABbluesandV/Cblues)
o AABAForm
MUSICANDIDENTITY
- Popularmusicinfluencesandreflectsaspectsofculturalidentityincluding:
o Ideasofgender,race,andsexualidentity
- PopularMusiciscloselytiedtostereotypesasculturalarchetypes,
- Stereotypesareofteninterpretedandreinterpretedbythoseinthestereotyped
groupandoutsidethestereotyped.
MUSICANDTECHNOLOGY
- Changesintechnologyhaveshapedthewaypopularmusiciscreated,marketed,
anddisseminated.Someimportanttechnologicalchangesincluded:
o inventionofthephonographrecord
o networkradio
o electronicmicrophone
o digitalrecording
o sampling
THEMUSICBUSINESS
- ImportantrolesinearlyAmericanPopularMusicinclude:composers,lyricists,
songpluggers,sheetmusicpublishers,songpublishers,andperformingstars.
- Otherrolesbecomeimportantwiththeriseofradio,recordedmusic,andmulti
media,including:Arranger,Producer,andA&Rpersonnel.
o Arranger:decideswhichinstrumentsshouldaccompanythesong,inwhat
keythesongshouldbeperformed,howmanytimesitshouldberepeated

o Producer:responsibleforfinancing,andoftenintervenesintherecording
process
o A&RPersonnel(ArtistandRepertoire)seekoutnewtalent,oftenvisiting
clubsandrehearsalstohearnewgroups
LargeMusicCompanies:associatedwithestablishedartistsandconservative
music
Independentcompanies:associatedwithmoreadventuresome,pioneeringprojects

CENTERSANDPERIPHERIES
- Center:Placeswherepower,capitol,andcontrolovermassmediaarelocated
(i.e.NY,LA,andNashville).
- Periphery:isinhabitedbysmallerinstitutionsandgroupstraditionallyexcluded
frompowerandinfluence.
Note:Theserolescanchangeasideasfromperipheralgroupsbecomemarketable,
institutionsinthecenterbegintochange.
THEEUROPEANAMERICANSTREAM:
- ImportantearlyEuropeaninfluenceincludedtheEnglishBalladandstrophicform
o Strophicform:songforminaseriesofversesoftenaboutahistorical
personsungtoarepeatingmelody
- InfluenceofcouplesdancingbasedonEuropeanstyleslikethepolka,waltz,etc
aretheriseofthetwostep,foxtrot,andtheCharleston
AFRICANAMERICANSTREAM
- Importantinfluencesincludetheuseofcallandresponseform
- Theuseofshort,repeated,musicalfragmentscalledriffs.
- Theuseofmorerhythmicallycomplexconceptssuchassyncopation
LATINSTREAM
- Influencesincludedancestylesliketango,rumba,salsa,andbossanova.
- Mariachiinstrumentationbecameinfluential,
- MexicanimmigrantsplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofRocknRoll