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Simon Haines, Vocabulary for Advanced (CAE)

Unit 1 Cities urban growth, urban living


English

definition

example
Zurich is Switzerlands commercial centre.

commercial (adj.)

related to buying and selling things

sprawling (adj.)

covering a large area with buildings


added in an uncoordinated way

Most American cities have sprawling


suburbs.

vibrant (adj.)

energetic; exciting; full of enthusiasm

London is a vibrant artistic centre.

accessible (adj.)

able to be reached or easily got

run-down (adj.)
affluent (adj.)
(seriously) polluted (adv. + adj.)
a pollutant
densely populated (adv. + adj.)
welcoming (adj.)
unchecked (adj.)
steeped in history

describing buildings or areas that are


in very bad condition
having a lot of money or owning a lot
of things
of air, water, land etc. that has been
made dirty by harmful chemicals
a substance that makes land, water,
air, etc., dirty and not safe to use
with a lot of people living close
together

La casa pareca en mal estado y descuidada

El aire en Beijing est seriamente contaminado

Phosphates are pollutants often found in


water.

Los fosfatos son contaminantes usualmente


encontrados en el agua

Mexico City is one of the most densely


populated cities in the world.

La ciudad de Mjico es una de las ms


densamente pobladas ciudades en el mundo

making you feel welcome

She gave us a welcoming smile.

Ella nos dio una sonrisa de bienvenida

describing something harmful that is


continuing without any limits
completely surrounded in or defined
by history

If the present trends continue unchecked, there will be a disaster soon.

in, of, or like the countryside

on the outskirts (noun phrase)

El hotel es facilmente accessible por


carretera, tren o aire

The air in Beijing is seriously polluted.

rural (adj.)

a suburb (n.)

Muchas ciudades americanas tienen


suburbios construidos aleatoriamente

Suiza es uno de los ms ricos pases en el


mundo

in, or of a city or town

a residential area (noun phrase)

Zurich es el centro commercial de Suiza

Switzerland is one of the most affluent


countries worldwide.

urban (adj.)

urban sprawl (noun phrase)

The resort is easily accessible by road,


rail or air.
The house looked run-down and
neglected.

Espaol

the spread of a city into the areas


surrounding it, often without planning
an area where people live rather than
work
an area outside a city consisting mainly
of homes
the parts of a city or town that are
relatively far from the centre

The centre of Rome is steeped in history.


Many youngsters here are used to an
urban environment.
The area is still very rural and
undeveloped.
High cost of living in the city have
produced ugly urban sprawl.

Si las presentes tendencias continan sin


chequearse, habr un desastre pronto
El centro de Roma est rodeada de
historia
Muchos jovenes aqu estn acostumbrados a
un entorno urbano
El area permanence muy rural y sin
desarrollar
El alto coste de vivir en la ciudad ha producido
un feo esparcimiento urbano

Hampstead is one of Londons most attractive residential areas.

Hamsted es uno de las ms atractivas areas


residenciales de Londres

Winnetka is one of Chicagos wealthiest


suburbs.

Winnetka es uno de los ms sanos suburbios


de chicago

Wollishofen is on the outskirts of Zurich.

Wollishofen est en las afueras de Zurich

remote (adj.)
an estate (n.)
a resident (n.)

far away in distance or time, or not


closely related
a group of houses built in a planned
way
someone who lives in a particular
place

It happened in the remote past.

Pas en un pasado remoto

Flats in (council) estates are usually affordable and popular with families.

Los pisos en bloques son normalmente


asequibles y populares para las familias

She is a resident of New York.

Ella es una residente de nueva york

to reside (formal v.)

to live in a particular place

He still resides at his parents' house.

El sigue residiendo en la casa de sus padres

a residence (n.)

the place where someone lives

Police surrounded the residence.

La polica rodeo la residencia

the act or process of building something (such as a house or road)


deliberate destruction of a building or
other structure
to forcefully tear down or take apart (a
structure)
someone travelling regularly between
home and work
a feeling of worry usually shared by
many people

The new school is now under construction.


The old factory is scheduled for demolition next week.
Tons of explosives were used to demolish the building.

construction (n.)
demolition (n.)
to demolish (v.)
a commuter (n.)
concern(s) about/over something
the local environment
environmental (adj.)
an environmentalist (n.)
exhaust fumes
a development
a developer
undeveloped (land)
to prioritise

our immediate surroundings


to do with the (natural) world around
us
someone who studies the environment
and tries to protect it
strong, unpleasant and sometimes
dangerous gas or smoke from engines
an are where new houses are built to
make a profit
a person or company that makes money from buying land and building on it
of land that has not been built on or
used for farming
to decide what is most important so as
to deal with it first

Trains into London are usually packed


with commuters in the morning.
They have expressed/voiced concern
about the cost of the project,
There are lots of trees in our towns local
environment.
Enviromental pollution is almost entirely
Man-made

Greenpeace is the best-known environmentalist organisation.


Exhaust fumes are the main reason for
the gigantic pollution in Bangkok.
Lots of new developments have sprung
up in Mumbais former slum areas.
A developer bought up all the property
to build new exclusive homes.
Outside the city there is still plenty of
undeveloped land.
You must learn to prioritise work.

to combat (a problem)

to fight

a council

a group of people elected to govern a


particular area

The best way of combatting fatigue is to


go for a brisk walk.
The town council is responsible for keeping the streets clean.

traffic congestion

roads blocked by traffic where move-

Traffic congestion gets worse here in the

La nueva escuela est ahora en construccin


La vieja factora est programada para
demolicin la proxima semana
Toneladas de explosivos fueron utilizados
para demoler el edificio
Los trenes hacia Londres estn normalmente
llenos de viajeros que vienen a trabajar en la m
Ellos han expresado preocupacin sobre los
costs del proyecto
Hay un montn de arboles en nuestro medio
ambiente local
La contaminacin ambiental est hecha casi
enteramente por el hombre
Greenpeace es la muy conocida organizacin
mediambiental
Los humos de los motores son la principal
razon de la gigantesca polucin en Bangkok
Muchos de los nuevos desarrollos han
saltado en anteriores barrios bajos de Mumb
Un compraventa compr toda la propiedad
para construer nuevas y exclusivas casas
Fuera de la ciudad sigue habiendo mucha tierra
sin desarrollar
Debes aprender a priorizar el trabajo
La major manera de combater la fatiga es ir a
por un paseo rpido
El ayuntamiento es responsible de mantener
las calles limpias
La congestion del trfico se pone peor aqu en
el verano

a traffic jam
public transport

ment is slow and difficult

summer.

a large number of cars close together


moving very slowly
a system of buses, trams and trains
that operate at regular times on fixed
routes and are used by the public

I was stuck in a traffic jam for an hour on


the way home.

Estuve atascado en un atasco por una hora en


el camino a casa

Public transport in Switzerland is efficient


and mostly punctual.

El transporte public en Suiza es eficiente y la


mayora de veces puntual

an integral part

a necessary part of a whole

a pedestrian area

a traffic-free area for people to walk in

traffic-free
a commuter belt

for an area: without any or much traffice


an area around a city where many
people who work in the city live

Rick is an integral part of the team, without whom we couldnt do it.


Some of the towns historic centre are
now a pedestrian area.
As cars are banned, much of the city
centre is now traffic-free.
Londons commuter belt is larger than
Manchesters.
This community has always been closeknit, which explains why it is crime-free.
Most of the town is car-free but you can
ride a bike.

crime-free

for an area: without any crime

car-free

for an area: without cars

bike-friendly

where bikes are allowed

pet-friendly

where pets are allowed

car-mad

obsessed with cars

work-mad

obsessed with work

football-mad

obsessed with football

the hustle and bustle (of the city)

noise and activity

I love the hustle and bustle of bazaars.

to meet and learn about someone or


something
the time that you spend enjoying yourself away from work, with friends
a set of similar things, sometimes on
offer in a shop
the amount of money that a person
needs to live

In her job she comes into regular contact


with scientists.
Its a fact that a good social life can help
you cope with stress at work.

to come into (regular) contact with


(your) social life
a range
the cost of living

Copenhagen is a very bike-friendly city.


As we take our dog on the trip, we have
to find a special hotel
Hes not just car-mad he is also a bore:
you cant talk anything but cars with him!
Most of the staff here are totally workmad.
Hes gone completely football-mad lateley.

Rick es una parte integral/necesaria del


equipo, sin el que no podramos hacerlo
Algunos de los centros historicos de la ciudad
son ahora areas para peatones
Como los coches estn prohibidos, mucha
parte del centro de la ciudad est ahora libre d
El cinturn suburbano de Londres es ms
grande que el de Manchester
La comunidad ha estado siempre muy unida, lo
que explica por qu est libre de crimenes
Mucha parte de la ciudad est libre de
coches pero tu puedes montar en bici
Copenague es una ciudad muy dada a las
bicicletas
Como nosotros llevamos a nuestro perro en
el viaje, tenemos que encontrar un hotel esp
El no es solo un loco de los coches, es tambin
un rollo, tu no puedes hablar nada ms que de
La mayora de la plantilla aqu estn totalmente
locos por el trabajo
El se ha transformado en un loco del ftbol
ultimamente
Amo el ruido y la actividad de los bazares
En su trabajo ella tiene contacto regular con
cientificos
Es un hecho que una Buena vida social
puede ayudar a hacer frente al stress del tra

Switzerland produces a whole range of


different watches.

Suiza produce un rango entero de relojes


diferentes

The cost of living in Zurich is high.

El coste de la vida en Zurich es alto

(in)convenient

(un)suitable for a particular purpose

Our local shop has very (in)convenient


opening hours.

Nuestra tienda local tiene muchos


inconvenientes en las horas de abrir

to hop on a bus/train/underground

to get into a vehicle quickly

Just hop on a train in Zurich, and youll

Nada ms saltar al tren en Zurich y tu


estars en las montaas dos horas despus

be in the mountains two hours later.

the crime rate

the amount or number of times crime


happens in a particular period.

in peace and quiet

freedom from disturbance

pros and cons

the good and the bad aspects

ups and downs

a mixture of good and bad things

give and take

if between people, each person allows


the others to get something they want

explosive growth

rapid expansion

closed circuit television (CCTV)

a system in which signals are transmitted from a camera to the receivers

(a) psychological benefit

a positive effect on ones emotions

to take comfort in the belief that

to find an idea reassuring

to be helpful in doing sth

to help to do sth

to tune in

to listen to or view a broadcast

criminology

the scientific study of crime and criminals

to conduct a study

to carry out some specific research

to have little impact on sth

to have little effect on sth

a significant drop in sth

a noticeable reduction of something

socially inclusive

A socially inclusive society is defined as one where all people feel valued, their
differences are respected, and their basic needs are met so they can live in dignity.

Johannesburg has a very high crime rate.

Johanesburgo tiene una tasa de crimen muy


alta

All I want after a hard days work is a


Todo lo que quiero despues de un duro dia de
little peace and quiet.
trabajo es un poco de paz y tranquilidad
We debated the pros and cons of toNosotros debatimos los pros y contras de la
days school education.
educacin en la escuela de hoy
Theyve had their ups and downs, like
Ellos han tenido sus altos y bajos, como la
most other married couples.
mayora de otras parejas casadas
In every friendship there has to be some
En toda Amistad hay que dar y recibir
give and take.
Many Chinese cities have experienced
Muchas ciudades chinas han experimentado un
rapid growth in the past decade.
rpido crecimiento en la pasada dcada
The ship's CCTV system offers the crew a El circuito cerrado de television del barco ofrece
una gran visin
comprehensive view
The psychological benefits of regular
exercise is very good
She took comfort in the belief that her
parents were thinking of her.
Football clubs have been helpful in curbing hooliganism in stadiums.
Be sure to tune in to tomorrows News
at Night.
Criminology degrees are being offered
at many universities today.
The researchers are conducting a study
on consumer behaviour.
Your diet has little or no impact on the
way your genes behave.
The company has experienced a significant drop in sales.

Los beneficios psicolgicos del ejercicio regular


es muy bueno
Ella se siente confortable en la creencia de
que sus padres estaban pensando en ella
Los clubs de futbol han estado ayudando a
frenar el hooliganismo en los estadios
Estate seguro de escuchar las noticias de
por la noche maana
Los ttulos de criminologa estn siendo
ofertados en muchas universidades hoy
Los investigadores estn llevando a cabo un studio en
el comportamiento del consumidor
Tu dieta tiene muy poco o ningn efecto en
la manera en la que tus genes se comportan
La compaa ha experimentado una cada
significativa en las ventas

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