Lecturer :Dato Prof. Dr. Ir Zainul Abidin Md Sharrif.

http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~zainul/
This Home Page is for my students who
are taking the following Classes as below: 1) Digital Signal Processing EEEB363
Section 3A/B.
2) Digital Signal Processing EEEB363
Section 4A/B.

 Course Code:- EEEB363

Course Title :- Digital Signal Processing
Prerequisites:- Signals and Systems (EEEB233)
Upon completion of the course, the student should have a solid
foundation in basic digital signal processing.
Aims/Objectives
To introduce the concepts, theory, techniques and applications
associated with the understanding of digital signal processing.
To develop methods for processing discrete-time signals.
To understand the processes of analog-to-digital and digital-toanalog conversion.
To understand the discrete Fourier transform , fast Fourier
transform, design and implementation of digital filters.
To be aware of some applications associated with digital signal
processing.

EEEB363/4 Digital Signal

Processing
Adopted Text Book:Digital Signal Processing - A Computer Based Approach, by S. K. Mitra.
Published by McGraw Hill International, 3rd Edition, Year:2006.
References:
1. Discrete Time Signal Processing A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer
Second Edition Publisher Prentice Hall International.
2. Digital Signal Processing - A Practical Approach By E. C. Ifeachor and
B. W. Jervis. Published by Addision-Wesley publishing Company,
Year:1996
3. Signals and Systems by A. V. Oppenheim, A. S. Willsky, and H. S.
Nawab. Published by Prentice Hall, 2nd edition. Year 1997.
4. Signal Processing First by James H. McClellan, R. W. Schafer, and M.
A. Yo-der. Published by Prentice Hall, Year:2003.

Course Description
Signal processing is a method of extracting information
from signal which in turn depends on the type of signal and
the nature of information it carries.
Therefore, signal processing is concerned with the
representing signals in mathematical terms and extracting
the information by carrying out algorithmic operations on
the signal.
A signal can be mathematically expressed in terms of basic
functions in original domain of independent variable or it
can be expressed in terms of basic functions in transformed
domain.
In this course we will use tools available in both domains to
analyze signals and systems in discrete time domain.

Upon completion of the course, students should be

able to do the following:

1 Compute the discrete- time convolution of two signals.

2. Use the concepts of linearity, time-invariance, causality, and stability to classify a
discrete-time system.
3. Evaluate the frequency response of a discrete-time, linear time-invariant (LTI)
system from its impulse response and vice versa.
4. Understand and be able to apply the definition, properties, and applications of the
Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DTFT).
5. Explain and apply sampling theorem, analog to digital and digital to analog
conversion. Understand ideal sampling and reconstruction.
6. Design DSP systems for processing continuous-time signals.
7. Be able to apply definition and properties of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
8. Use DTFT, DFT, and FFT to analyze discrete time signals and systems.
9. Be able to use the definition and properties of Z-transform to describe, and analyze
the behavior of LTI systems,
10. Describe the input-output characteristics of a LTI system in both time domain and
frequency domain. Relate the poles and zeros of the system to its frequency response,
phase response, and stability and causality properties.
11. Design and implement different frequency selective Finite Impulse Response
(FIR), and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters to meet frequency domain
specifications.
12. Describe engineering trade-offs in filter design. Understand linear and nonlinear
phase response.

course content and time

allocation

1.Signals and Signal Processing:- (6Hours)

1.1 Characterization and Classification of Signals 1.2 Typical Signal Processing
Operations 1.3 Examples of Typical Signals 1.4 Typical Signal Processing
Applications 1.5 Why Digital Signal Processing?
2.Discrete-Time Signals and Systems:- (4 Hours)
2.1 Discrete-Time Signals 2.2 Typical Sequences and Sequence Representation 2.4
Discrete-Time Systems 2.5 Time-Domain Characterization of LTI Discrete-Time
Systems 2.9 Correlation of Signals.
3.Discrete-Time Fourier Transform:- (4 Hours)
3.1 The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform 3.2 The Discrete-Time Fourier
Transform 3.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Theorems 3.5 Band-Limited DiscreteTime Signals 3.8 The Frequency Response of an LTI Discrete-Time System3.9 Phase and
Group Delays.
4.Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals:- (6 Hours)
4.1 Introduction4.2 Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals4.3 Sampling of Bandpass
Signals 4.4 Analog Lowpass Filter Design 4.5 Design of Analog Highpass, Bandpass, and
Bandstop Filters4.6 Anti-Aliasing Filter Design 4.10 Reconstruction Filter Design 6

course content and time

allocation. continued.

5.Finite Length Discrete Transforms:- (6Hours)

5.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform 5.3 Relation Between the Fourier Transform and the
DFT, and Their Inverses 5.6 DFT Symmetry Relations5.7 Discrete Fourier Transform
Theorems 5.9 Computation of the DFT of Real Sequences11.3.2 Decimation in Time and
Decimation in Frequency.
6.z-Transform:- (4Hours)
6.1 Definition and Properties 6.2 Rational z-Transforms 6.3 Region of Convergence of a
Rational z-Transform 6.4 The Inverse z-Transform 6.5 z-Transform Properties 6.7 The
Transfer Function
7.LTI Discrete-Time Systems in the Transform Domain:- (4 Hours)
7.1 Transfer Function Classification Based on Magnitude Characteristics 7.2 Transfer
Function Class ideation Based on Phase Characteristics 7.3 Types of linear-Phase Transfer
Functions 7.6 Inverse Systems
8.Digital Filter Structures:- (2Hours)
8.1 Block Diagram Representation 8.3 Basic FIR Digital Filter Structures8.4 Basic IIR Digital
Filter Structures.
9.IIR Filter Design & FIR Filter Design:- (6 Hours)

Course Outcomes

1. Compute the discrete- time convolution of two signals and classify the discrete time system and
the process of signals correlation
2. Evaluate the frequency response of a discrete-time, linear time-invariant (LTI) system from its
impulse response and vice versa
.3. Apply the definition, properties of the Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DTFT) in signal
transformations.
4. Explain and apply sampling theorem, analog to digital, digital to analog conversions and signal
reconstruction.
5. Determine the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of discrete
signal
6. Describe and analyze the behavior of an LTI system using the definition and properties of Ztransform.
7. Draw and describe the poles and zero plot according to input output characteristics of an LTI
system and classify the stability and causality of an LTI system from plot
8. Design and implement different frequency selective Finite Impulse Response (FIR), and Infinite
Impulse Response (IIR) filters to meet frequency domain specifications.
9. Recognize the linear and nonlinear phase response of an LTI system.
10. Draw the basic structure of an LTI system from its input output characteristics and analyze the
input output of an LTI system from the basic structure

Grading Policy:

Test
Laboratory & Assignment
Final:
Total:

20%
30%
50%
100%

Signal Processing

Digital Signal
Processing

Analog Signal
Processing

Digital Signal
Processing

Digital audio signal

processing

Digital control
engineering

Digital image
processing

Digital Signal
Processing

Speech processing.

RADAR Signal
processing

Communications
signal processing

What Is DSP?
Analog Computer

a bit loud

Digital Computer
DSP
DAC

ADC
1010

1001

OUTPUT

Introduction
Digital Signal Processing
Digital: converting and using of discrete signals to represent
information in the form of numbers

Signal: a variable parameter that convey information.

Processing: to perform operations on the numbers according to
programmed instructions

A Typical DSP System

MEMORY

ADC

DSP Chip
Memory
Converters (Optional)
Analog to Digital
Digital to Analog

DSP
DAC

Communication Ports
Serial
Parallel

PORTS

Multiply and Add

1+2 = 3

Add
+

0001
0010
0011

Multiply
0
1
0
1
5

Most Common Operation in DSP

A = B*C + D
E = F*G + A

..
.

Multiply, Add, and Accumulate

MAC Instruction

x
x
x
x

8
4
2
1

x
x
x
x

Shifted and
added multiple
times

5*3 = 15
0011
0011
0011
0011

0000
0011
0000
0011

MAC Operation
Typically 70 Clock Cycles With
Ordinary Processors
Typically 1 Clock Cycle With
Digital Signal Processors

DSP Development
ADD A, B
11100010010100001001

HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

ASSEMBLER

CODE
EMULATOR

TEST

S/W DESIGN
N

DSP

OK?
Y

Tools of the Trade

PRODUCT

Digital Computers
von Neuman Machine
A

STORED
PROGRAM
AND
DATA

INPUT/
OUTPUT

ARITHMETIC
LOGIC
UNIT

A = ADDRESS
D = DATA

Harvard Architecture
A

STORED
PROGRAM
D

ARITHMETIC
LOGIC
UNIT

INPUT/
OUTPUT
D

STORE
D
DATA

TMS320 Family
16-Bit Fixed Point Devices

32-Bit Floating Point Devices

C1x

Hard-Disk Controllers

C3x

Videophones

C2x

Fax Machines

C4x

Parallel Processing

C2xx

Embedded Control

C5x
C54x

Other Devices

Voice Processing
Digital Cellular
Phones

C6x Advanced VLIW

Processor
Wireless Base
Stations/Pooled
Modems
C8x

Video Conferencing

A Typical DSP System.

Why Digital Processing?

ADC

PROCESS

DAC

Advantages to Digital Processing

Programmability
Stability
Repeatability
Special Applications

Programmability
One Hardware = Many Tasks
SOFTWARE 1
SOFTWARE 2

..

SAME
HARDWARE

SOFTWARE N

LOW-PASS FILTER
MUSIC SYNTHESIZER

..
MOTOR CONTROL

Upgradability and Flexibility

Develop New Code
Upgrade
Analog
Solder New Component

Analog Variability
Analog Circuits are affected by
Temperature
Aging

Tolerance of Components
Two Analog Systems using the same design and
components may differ in performance

1k + 10 years

1.1k

Digital Repeatability
Perfect Reproducibility
Nearly identical performance from unit to unit
Performance not affected by tolerance
No drift in performance due to temperature or aging
Guaranteed accuracy

A CD player always plays the same music

quality

Performance
Some special functions are best implemented
digitally

Lossless Compression

Adaptive Filters

gain

Linear Phase Filters

phase

frequency

frequency
f1

f2

Digital Signal Processing

(DSP) Advantages
Repeatability
Low sensitivity to component tolerances
Low sensitivity to temperature changes
Low sensitivity to aging effects
Nearly identical performance from unit to unit
Matched circuits cost less

High noise immunity

In many applications DSP offers higher
performance and lower cost
CD players versus phonographic turntable

Practical DSP Systems

Hi-Fi Equipment
Toys
Videophones
Modems
Phone Systems
3D Graphics
Image Processing
And More ...

Typical Signal Processing

Applications
Sound Recording Applications
Compressors and limiters
Expander and noise gate
Equalizers and filters
Noise reduction system
Delay and reverberation systems
Special effects

Typical Signal Processing

Applications

Telephone Dialing Applications

FM Stereo Applications
Musical Sound Synthesis
Echo Cancellation in Telephone Networks

DSP Applications.

Signal Generation

Sinusoidal signal- oscillators

Square wave signal
Triangular wave signal
Random signals white noise

Examples of Typical Signals

Electrocardiography (ECG) Signals

Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals
Seismic Signals
Speech Signals
Music Sound Signals
Time Series / Econometric Signals
Image Signals
Video Signals
Mechanical vibration signals