Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
A comparative study
Brands of Coke & Pepsi
DEDICATION
My work is dedicated to my Parents. Siblings and my special friends S. M. Ejaz Ul Hassan Zaidi & M
Babar, Shahid Hussain and Ahsan zia
Whose unrestrained Love, Affection, affluent encouragements lead me to this successive stage
And also humbly dedicated to all my teacher and my fellows especially to Dr. Isha sahar PU Lahore.
Whose Fortifying cooperation, help and support evoked Motivation, inspiration and courage to get
involved and Complete this project.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
p and above everything, all prays go to ALLAH, I find no words to express my deepest sense to
gratitude to the almighty ALLAH, The most Gracious, Compassionate and Beneficent and Our Holy Prophet
Hazrat MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.), who is the true torch of guidance for whole humanity and all knowledge
forever.
I am very grateful to my loving and caring parents & siblings for providing me all sort of moral, social
and financial support during my life, especially to my loving Mother whose prayers were incessant and
enabled me to reach this stage & my Father who always provoked a power in myself to lead me to success .I
heartily express my love to all my siblings for their love and care.
I would like to say heartiest thanks to my Project advisor for their guidance, valuable suggestions, keen
supervision and exactitude, needed throughout the course of the project.
I am very thankful to Mr. Arslan Mir (Target Engineering & Enterprises), Engr. Nadeem Ullah Sheikh
(GM Tech.), Mr. Tahir (AM E&I at CPBM) Mr. Mark Laird ( MD Miltek Middle East) , Asad Aziz (Sales
manager Mil-tek Middle East) and all the mentors who kept on guiding me to select Marketing field and
encouraged & helped me to go through it also I cant forget to express thanks to all my other faculty teachers
for other marketing & research courses who helped me a lot by opening marketing & research concepts for
me.
Also I would like to thanks all my fellows, colleagues, seniors and juniors especially my friend Ejaz , M Babar,
my cousin Abdul Ahad , Dr. Isha & all who vulcanized me whenever I was at a mickle of hard time, to
encourage me all the way. Here, I also wish to express my feelings that May this work can be a positive
addition to Marketing field beneficial to human beings and economy of my country.
Executive Summary
"Perception" defined as a "process in which we select, organize, and interpret the input
from their minds to give a unique meaning or order to the world around us". Perception
includes the perceiver, the target of perception, and the situation.
In order to evaluate and compare the consumer perception for brand awareness and brand
loyalty for two famous brands of soft drinks i.e. Coke Coca Cola and Pepsi, during this
project research will further extend the effect of consumer perception of Coke and Pepsi
will be determined for consumer association to these brands.
The project will be aimed to do comparative study of two viewpoint of marketing.
i.
Consumers of Coke
2.
Consumers of Pepsi
The data from these primary sources will be collected by using the questionnaires.
Secondary data will be collected and extracted from the secondary sources that already
exist and contains relevant information about the Coke and Pepsi brands related to
consumers perceptions about loyalty and brand awareness.
Following will be the mostly utilized sources for secondary data.
1.
2.
3.
4.
For the underlying project, a questionnaire will be used to gather the data about the
selected brands, consumer perception, loyalty and consumer awareness towards these
brands and
This project will help to improve the stronger brands, impact of brand awareness and brand
loyalty. It will also lead the marketer to construct and develop improved branding
strategies through its results and outcomes while dealing with consumers perception,
awareness about brand.
The outcomes can be implemented while dealing with the strategies, involving the
consumers loyalty, brand awareness, brand positioning and determining the brand
strengths in market.
Table of Contents
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................. 3
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Introduction of the Project: ................................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Background: ...................................................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Brand/Companys introduction: ........................................................................................................ 13
1.3.1
COKE:........................................................................................................................................ 13
1.3.2
PEPSI: ........................................................................................................................................ 14
1.4 List of competitors: ........................................................................................................................... 15
1.5 Objectives of Project: ........................................................................................................................ 16
1.6 Significance: ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter No. 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.1 Marketing mix: .................................................................................................................................. 18
2.1.1
Coke Product:.......................................................................................................................... 18
2.1.2
Coke Price: .............................................................................................................................. 19
2.1.3
Coke Place: ............................................................................................................................. 19
2.1.4
Coke Promotion: ..................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Market segmentation strategies ......................................................................................................... 20
2.3 Target marketing strategies ............................................................................................................... 20
2.4 Brand Loyalty of Coke ...................................................................................................................... 20
2.4.1
Defining Brand Loyalty: ............................................................................................................ 20
2.4.2
Elements of Brand Loyalty ........................................................................................................ 21
2.4.3
Impact of Brand equity .............................................................................................................. 22
2.5 Brand Awareness of Coke ................................................................................................................. 22
2.5.1
What is Brand awareness ........................................................................................................... 22
2.5.2
Why Brand Awareness is Important .......................................................................................... 22
2.5.3
Building Brand Awareness ........................................................................................................ 23
Chapter No. 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1 Introduction of the competitor firm ................................................................................................... 23
3.1.1
Major brands of Pepsi: ............................................................................................................... 24
3.2 Marketing mix ................................................................................................................................... 24
3.3 Market segmentation strategies ......................................................................................................... 25
3.4 Target marketing strategies: .............................................................................................................. 26
3.5 Brand Awareness of Pepsi................................................................................................................. 26
3.5.1
What is Brand awareness ........................................................................................................... 26
3.5.2
Why Brand Awareness is Important .......................................................................................... 26
3.5.3
Building Brand Awareness ........................................................................................................ 26
3.5.4
Defining Brand Loyalty: ............................................................................................................ 27
3.5.5
Elements of Brand Loyalty ........................................................................................................ 27
3.5.6
Impact of Brand equity .............................................................................................................. 28
Chapter No 4 .................................................................................................................................................... 28
Methodology................................................................................................................................................. 28
Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 28
4.1 Data Collection Sources .................................................................................................................... 29
4.1.1
Primary sources .......................................................................................................................... 29
4.1.2
Secondary sources:..................................................................................................................... 29
4.2 Data Collection Tools/Instruments.................................................................................................... 29
4.3 Sampling: .......................................................................................................................................... 29
4.3.1
Sample Size:............................................................................................................................... 30
4.3.2
Sampling Technique .................................................................................................................. 30
4.3.3
Data Collection/Fieldwork ......................................................................................................... 30
4.3.4
Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................. 30
Chapter No 5 .................................................................................................................................................... 31
5.1 Fieldwork/Data Collection: ............................................................................................................... 31
5.1.1
Data Collection .......................................................................................................................... 31
5.1.2
Data QC Assurance .................................................................................................................... 32
5.1.3
Time Constraints & Data Source Management ......................................................................... 32
5.2 Project Questionnaire: ....................................................................................................................... 32
5.2.1
Questions about Target Segments .............................................................................................. 34
5.2.2
Questions about Brand Loyalty& Brand Awareness: ................................................................ 35
5.2.3
Questions about Brand Awareness: ........................................................................................... 35
5.2.4
Questions about Brand Loyalty: ................................................................................................ 35
5.3 Data Processing, Analysis & Interpretation: ..................................................................................... 36
5.4 Summary: .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Chapter No 6 .................................................................................................................................................... 50
6.1 Conclusions: ...................................................................................................................................... 50
6.2 Recommendations: ............................................................................................................................ 51
6.3 Limitations: ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Part II ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
I. Introduction of the student .................................................................................................................... 54
II.
Appendix/Appendixes ....................................................................................................................... 55
III. Figures & Tables: .............................................................................................................................. 58
IV. Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of the Project:
The project is based on the comparative study of two brands from the beverage
industry, one is Pepsi and Coke.
This study will be based on the perspectives of brand awareness and brand loyalty
with respect to the consumer perception about the brands.
Both the brands are very famous and excessively used throughout the globe among
the fast moving consumer goods, so more convenient to draw conclusions and
perform research with the limited time and resources.
Consumers awareness about the brand and loyalty for the brands are the key
factors for predicting the success of a brand or positioning of any brand within the
given market.
Both the factors, brand awareness and brand loyalty has a great impact on
consumers perception about the brand equity.
Consumers perception is something which consumers perceive about a brand in
their mind and it has a significant impact on a brand. Perception of consumer does
not necessarily have very much impact on the actual performance of the product;
whereas it is based on the current reputation of brand and product image with
respect to the knowledge of the consumers.
Perception is a process through which any consumer tries to manipulate the brand
information in order to get awareness about the brand which can lead to
transformation of brand into brand loyalty.
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Generally, during perception following stages cause revival to brand loyalty and
awareness through following stages.
Brand Selection
Brand Information
Image formulation
Brand Loyalty
Humans unlike machines can have the ability to Perceive. It is a feeling which is
based on the conclusion formed with the given information around and the mindset
of the consumer which is responsible of processing the information. Perception
gives humans the might to make important decisions or can reflect their important
decisions. It all leads to the most important decision of purchasing. Purchasing
means investing into the brand, for making it a greater brand.
Total sales turnover of the brand depends on the consumer purchase decision. If
the consumers perceive positive about the brand, it means he carriers more loyalty
and will remain potential customer, until he keeps on getting the right value for his
money.
A comparative study will be performed for the selected brands i.e. Coke and Pepsi,
during the project under the title of Consumer perception with respect to Brand
Awareness and Brand Loyalty.
Both the selected brands, Pepsi and Coke are FMCGs, which are used all over
the world by different segment of consumers with different demographics i.e.
gender, ages, occupations etc. Both the brands are marketing, their brands as
soft drinks for consumers. These soft drinks are used frequently in daily lives.
These are used excessively at Fast foods ,hotels/restaurants, during amusing
guest at home, events & occasions like Holy events of Eids & birthdays/
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
1.2 Background:
Perception means the way in which something is regarded, understood, or
interpreted. More precisely, in marketing the perception can be defined as the
process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret the input from their
senses to give meaning and order to the brands around them. The Components of
perception are defined as i. perceiver, ii. Target of perception, iii. Situation. [1]
According to business dictionary consumer perception can be defined as
a customer's impression, awareness and/or consciousness about a company or its
offerings. [2]
Future purchasing decisions are affected by the perception of quality of any product
or brand along with its origin and other attributes. [3]
Also, the loyalty and perception are not the same things, but they are inter related
attributes as There is a difference between objective, perception and loyalty. [6] [7]
[8] [9]
Thus, Consumer Perception affects the loyalty of a brand and also a brand loyalty
will be affected by the perception of that brand which also is affected the level of
Brand Awareness
An Increase in Awareness & Loyalty of brand leads to the brand equity. This,
phrase of brand equity is used in marketing to describe the value of having a wellknown brand name. The idea is based on the concept that a well-known brand
name or with higher awareness brand can earn more from market as compared to
a brand with a less awareness. The consumers believes about brand with more
awareness is better, well perceived, also becomes more famous and favorite as
compared to the brand which is less well-known. [10] [11] [12] [13]
Reason to study the brand awareness, brand loyalty on comparative basis is, so that
the behavior of the consumer and their perception and purchasing on the base of
that perception can be evaluated. Buying or purchasing behavior of any brand is
strongly influenced by perception which is a psychological factor. Ultimately in
order to keep brand loyalty or association of brand , the quality must be constantly
measured and evaluated in terms of consumer expectations and needs.[14][15]
Spreading the awareness, helps to spread the name of brand and it is considered as
the Extrinsic cues, which are generally more influential than that of intrinsic cues
i.e. Packaging [16]. Previously the researcher has reached to an agreement that the
liking a brand and making purchase of a brand, depends on more than just sensory
details. Also the non-physical details i.e. Brand name & prices also influence the
purchase decision of a consumers.[17]
So, in order to evaluate consumer Perception with respect to Brand Awareness and
Brand Loyalty these two famous brands of soft drinks will be undertaken the
research and also the research will be further extended to conclude the further
relation among the loyalty, awareness and perception of brands.
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
COKE:
There are different brands of the Coke Company, which are currently in market
worldwide. Coke is engaged in carbonated as well as Other drinks.
Following are important brands by company
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Coke (Coke)
Sprite
Fanta
Diet coke
Coke classic
1.3.2
Coca-Cola
Sprite
Sprite 3-G
PEPSI:
Pepsi was introduced by Caleb Bradham in 1893 at his drugstore. The Pepsi logo
was designed in 1905and redesigned in 1926 & 1929. In 1993, Pepsi went into
bankruptcy due to results of World War I. Pepsi Co is the merger of Pepsi-Cola &
Frito-Lay that took place in 1965. Some of the Pepsi brand names of very old (100
Years), but the Pepsi Corporation is fairly young. Pepsi Cola is derivation of two
principle ingredients i.e. Pepsin & kola Nuts. The Tropicana was acquired in 1998
and in 2001 The Quaker Oats Company merged with Pepsi.
Pepsi Co. brands are found nearly in 200 countries which consists Snack business
of Frito-Lay, Pepsi-Cola, Tropicana, Cereals & Other food products.
1.3.2.2 Major brands of Pepsi:
There are different brands of the Pepsi, which are currently in market worldwide.
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Pepsi not only deals in the carbonated drinks but also other drinks.
Dubai Refreshment Corporate (DRC) was allotted as a sole franchisee and
distributor of Pepsi Co in 1962 although the factory established in 1959. It became
a Public Shareholding Company in 1994. Its strategic location on the main Sheikh
Zayed Road is itself a landmark.[20]
Dubai Refreshment Corporation Brands
Carbonated Drink
Non-Carbonated Drink
Pepsi
Drinking Water
Aquafina
Water
Pepsi diet
Pepsi Max
Mirinda Vit C
Mirinda Citrus
Mirinda Green Apple
7up
7up Free
Mountain Dew
Shani
PepsiCo
Thunder Cola
Barbican
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Holsten
Red Bull
Monster Energy
Power horse
1.6 Significance:
Consumers are always backbone of the business. Any brand owes the position in
market according to, how consumers perceive the brand. For consumer perception
the brand awareness and loyalty is deep seated in consumers mind about that
brand. Thus, brand loyalty is the extent and everything which the consumer
imagines and thinks about that brand, good, bad or ordinary.
Also, as brand awareness or relatedness to the brand is something which keeps the
consumer committed to the brand as compared to their competitors and keep the
consumers to stick with the brand even though market pressure of other brands is
there.
When consumers start perceiving good about a brand, then their relatedness and
loyalty with that brand increases.
As brand loyalty become stronger, brand become more strong and popular among
its potential consumers. Thus, the study of the consumers perception about the
brand and its relation with brand loyalty and brand awareness is a significant topic
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
to research on.
The research is also significant to help to draw some useful conclusions which will
be helpful to develop the brands and help them to acquire the competitive
advantage over other brands.
The conclusions drawn from the underlying research will help the brands to
improve their awareness and then to increase the loyalty of consumers with the
brand with respect to consumer perception about the brands.
Research can be utilized to construct and develop more striking branding strategies
using the conclusions of the research regarding consumer perception, brand loyalty
and brand awareness.
The result outcomes can be utilized to decide about the consumers brand loyalty,
perceived image and positioning of brand to determining the brand strengths and
standings in the markets.
Chapter No. 2
The Coke Brand
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Price also plays important role, Prices are determined with view to the
buying power of the potential consumer, it is another most critical tool.
Price also includes discounts, allowances, credit terms and payment period.
2.1.1
Coke Product:
Products secret formulation is a business secret of Coke which in terms is related
to ingredients and ratio of its products i.e. Colour, flavor, sugar and carbonic water
etc.
A product formula is held as trade secrets and few employees know a little about
it and cant duplicate it. When we talk about product in terms of product
ingredients, its flavors, its brands, packaging can all be different. Since coke has
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Coke Price:
Pepsi and Coke are ruling the market due to the pricing strategies. The price of
Coke is based on the cost based as well as demand and supply. They have to sell
in volumes in order to generate high turnovers, since the profit margins are low.
In UAE market Pepsi and Coke had a strong monopoly with a price of 1 Dirham
and just recently the price has been increased to 1.5 Dirhams.
A common man under the scotching heat of the desert can afford to buy a 1 Dirham
can of 330ml to overcome his thirst. This quantity, price and packing are not
available anywhere else. Therefore both Coke and Pepsi keep a common price in
order to compete.
2.1.3
Coke Place:
Coke as a multinational company as set standards for huge network of
distributions worldwide and in UAE. Coke utilizes the manufacturing and
distribution agencies, local shops network, restaurants etc. It has also attached itself
with outlets in institutes, universities colleges.
2.1.4
Coke Promotion:
Coke is using the following promotion campaigns.
1. Advertising (TV, Bill Boards, Radio Adds, Affiliation with other brands)
2. Personal selling (Exhibitions or Special Campaigns on events)
3. Sales promotion (Discounts, jumbo packs, buy one get one free)
4. Publicity and public relations (Mass marketing based on building bonds)
Coke is utilizing the Event organizational activities i.e. Coke studio, different
seasonal
events
such
as
Eid,
Basanet,
Cricket
Matches
etc
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Mass Marketing
Differentiated Marketing
Concentrated Marketing
Niche Marketing
Coke is targeting almost all age groups & market characteristics with greater
products diversification including Children, Male, Female, Youngers and even
Elders, Students, Professionals, Businessman, Employees and Households.
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
product of same brand rather than switching to other brands. In other words the
social and psychological attachment of a customer with particular brand is said to
be Brand Loyalty. Coke has massively developed its Brand Loyalty by providing
value-added services and personalized offerings.
2.4.2
services with best price to maintain brand loyalty and brand image.
2.4.3
2.5.2
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
loyalty.
2.5.3
Chapter No. 3
Competitor Analysis
3.1 Introduction of the competitor firm
Pepsi Co is the merger of Pepsi-Cola & Frito-Lay that took place in 1965. Some
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
of the Pepsi brand names of very old (100 Years), but the Pepsi Corporation is
fairly young. Pepsi Cola is derivation of two principle ingredients i.e. Pepsin &
kola Nuts. The Tropicana was acquired in 1998 and in 2001 The Quaker Oats
Company merged with Pepsi.
Pepsi Co. brands are found nearly in 200 countries which consists Snack business
of Frito-Lay, Pepsi-Cola, Tropicana, Cereals & Other food products.
3.1.1
Pepsi Regular
Pepsi Diet
7-Up
7-Up Free
Mirinda
Mountain Dew
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Pepsi was the market leader in beverage industry and it was using Costbased Pricing Strategy which means the price of Product included cost
incurred on product plus the margin. However, with the rising global
widespread of Coke and emergence of other competitors like Sufi &
Gourmet Cola etc. Pepsi is now using Competitive Pricing Strategy to keep
pace with this competitive market era.
Promotion is also one of the major tools of Marketing Mix. It is the process
of communicating the company message to customers and to promote the
company products. The key promotional strategies of Pepsi include
Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Publicity & Public
Relations. Additionally, it is also using Seasonal Events strategies for
promotions and it has also been a sponsor for Pakistan Cricket Board,
Cricket World Cups & Other Sports.
Mass Marketing
Concentrated marketing
Differentiated marketing
Niche marketing
Pepsi is also using differentiated market segmentation method like Coke in order
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
to satisfy the needs of diverse market groups. It has offered different flavors
Regular Pepsi, 7-Up, Mirinida, Mountain Dew. It has varied price ranges and
packages in regular, tin packs 1.5 Liter and now 2.25 Liter even. For example
Mountain Dew is preferred by teenagers & youngsters whereas Health-conscious
people prefer 7-Up.
3.5.2
3.5.3
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
as well. Pepsi is also keenly engaged in building its Brand Awareness to become
Competitive. If customers are unknown of the brand, how they can attach with the
brand. Pepsi is also using advertising intensively for building its brand awareness.
Besides this, various other promotional strategies like sales promotion,
sponsorships, and seasonal campaigns are also used to build brand awareness.
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.5.4 Finance
Finance as element of brand loyalty refers to the brands financial position to carry
out strategies & campaigns for building Brand Loyalty. Pepsi is a large
organization with sound financial position to launch different schemes &
campaigns for Brand Loyalty.
3.5.6
Chapter No 4
Methodology
Methodology
This project does the comparative study of following perspective of marketing
related to brands,
i.
Consumer perception
ii.
Brand Awareness
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
iii.
Brand Loyalty
Primary sources
Primary data for the research is gathered through the following primary sources,
1. Consumers of Coke
2. Consumers of Pepsi
The data is collected through the questionnaires.
4.1.2
Secondary sources:
Also some secondary sources will be used to obtain the Secondary data i.e.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.3 Sampling:
The main targeted population for the project are Consumers of soft drinks and
For the current research project subjects or target population chosen was from the
Consumers of Coke and Pepsi brands.
The subjects were individual consumers, household, student, people form different
professions with different age , gender, social class and local people of UAE.
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
4.3.1
Sample Size:
To keep the research time convenient and time bound, a Sample size of 100 was
taken.
This reasonable size of sample was taken in order to collect the sufficient reliable
and authentic data and to make sure the ease of access for the data.
4.3.2
Sampling Technique
Although the target population base of the sample population is huge due to wide
spread use of Pepsi and Coke.
But for sample size of 100 to choose the samples conveniently and easily,
Convenience sampling technique was used, because by using this technique, we
can select the cases haphazardly on the basis of ease of access.[21]
Reasons behind using the convenience sampling technique are,
4.3.3
Data Collection/Fieldwork
Questionnaire is used in order to collect the data from the target population i.e.
consumers of Pepsi & Coke , distributor in the field .
4.3.4
Questionnaire
The Questionnaire was used as the data collection tool and questions were
developed in manner to provide following type of information,
Information to disclose the consumers perception about the Coke and Pepsi
To help to gain information directly from the consumer of Pepsi & Coke
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Chapter No 5
Data processing, analysis & interpretation
5.1 Fieldwork/Data Collection:
5.1.1
Data Collection
All the data for the project was gathered using the questionnaire in order to
determine the specific responses of the sample population.
Different other sources of data collection were used in order to collect data for
other uses i.e. introduction of companies and brands, for marketing strategies
mixes etc. The used sources for this purpose were some Previous research work,
Web information, Official stats/Reports, Reviews and case studies about brands
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
5.1.2
Data QC Assurance
During the data collection Quality of data during all the phases of project generally
and in data collection particularly was assured from all aspects of the data
collection process to minimize error and enhance the reliability of data and
conclusions drawn.
Quality of data was assured through following ways,
1. By utilizing and assuring authenticity of sources
2. Assuring Data consistency
3. Data Re-checking and error omission
4. By avoiding any biasness by consumers
5. By protecting data loss
6. By avoiding personal biasing toward Coke or Pepsi brands
5.1.3
Consumer perception
Brand loyalty
Brand awareness
20-30
30-40
40-50
Above 50
Occupation
a. Student
b. Government Employee
c. Businessman
d. Household
e. Other
Which of the following brand of cold drink do you buy mostly?
a. Coke
b. Pepsi
How often do you purchase the brand (Note: Change in Frequency of purchasing the brand)?
a. Twice in a day
b. Once in a day
c. Once in two days
d. Occasionally
This question is modified because these FMGS needs to be evaluated on small intervals i.e. Daily basis,
instead of monthly basis.
Please rate how strongly you agree or disagree with each of the following statements by placing a check
mark in the appropriate box.
1= Strongly Agree (SA) 2. = Agree (A) 3. = Neutral (N) 4. = Disagree (D) 5. = Strongly Disagree (SD)
SA
A
N
D
SD
I did not search attribute information of the brands I was not aware of.
I usually purchase the same brand within a product class.
If my preferred brand in this product class is not available at the store, it makes
little difference to me if I must choose another brand.
If I had made a brand choice in this product class before actually making the purchase,
I might easily change my intended choice upon receiving discrepant information.
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
5.2.1
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
As these brand products fall in category of Fast Moving Consuming Goods thus
the respondents were included from Genders, different ages and different
occupations.
5.2.2
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.2.3
Question No. 5
How often do you purchase the brand (Frequency of purchasing the brand)?
Twice in a day
Once in a day
Once in two days
Occasionally
Questions about Brand Awareness:
In order to determine the consumers perception about the brand, likert scale from
strongly agree to strongly disagree was used for following Questions,
I did not search attribute information of the brands I was not aware of.
I can quickly recall the symbol or logo of brand when I am not at the place
of purchase.
5.2.4
When think about that product line, I always have the brand in mind.
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
If I had made a brand choice in this product class before actually making
the purchase, I might easily change my intended choice upon receiving
discrepant information.
When think about that product line, I always have the brand in mind.
Frequency
Percentage
Coke
65
65%
Pepsi
35
35%
Total
100
100%
100%
100%
80%
65%
60%
35%
40%
20%
Pepsi
Coke
Total
0%
Pepsi
65%
Coke
35%
Total
100%
a.
b.
c.
d.
Age of Subject/Respondent
20-30
30-40
40-50
Above 51
Frequency
Percentage
20-30
30
30%
30-40
17
17%
40-50
13
13%
Above 50
7%
Total
100
100%
30%
19%
17%
11%
11%
6%
13%
11%
2%
6%
7%
1%
20-30
30-40
40-50
Above 50
Male
19%
11%
11%
6%
Female
11%
6%
2%
1%
Total
30%
17%
13%
7%
Interpretation:
Out of 100 respondents,
20-30 Year consumers were 30 %
30-40 Year consumers were 17 %
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Thus, Majority of the people was young and between 20-30 years age, it means
majority of the consumers of soft drinks are young people between 20-30.
Question No. 3
Gender of Subject
Male
Female
Frequency
Percentage
Male
60
60%
Female
40
40%
Total
100
100%
60%
Male
40%
Female
Male
Female
Interpretation:
Among total 100 respondents,
60% were male
40% were females.
Question No. 4
Page | 38
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Frequency
Percentage
Student
45
45%
Govt. employee
15
15%
Business man
13
13%
Household
10
10%
Others
17
17%
Total
100
100%
45%
28%
17%
20%
10%
15%
13%
13%
11%
10%
9%
17%
13%
4%
2%
2%
1%
Student
Govt. Employee
Business man
Household
Others
Male
28%
13%
11%
9%
13%
Female
17%
2%
2%
1%
4%
Total
45%
15%
13%
10%
17%
0%
Interpretation:
Out of 100 respondents
45 % Consumers were Students
15% Consumers were Govt. Employee
13 % Consumers were Business man
10% Consumers were Household
17% were from other occupations
Thus, the sample population consists of the people from the different walks of
life.
Question No. 5
Frequency of Purchasing the Brand
(** This question is amended in days from in month as these brands are FMGs
and is use very much frequently)
a. Twice in a day
b. Once in a day
c. Once in two days
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
d. Occasionally
Frequency Table for Purchase Frequency of the brand:
Twice in a Day
Frequency
Coke
17
Percentage
Coke
26%
Frequency
Pepsi
4
Percentage
Pepsi
11%
Once in a Day
37
57%
16
46%
12%
13
37%
Occasionally
5%
6%
Total
65
100%
35
100%
Options
57%
46%
50%
37%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
26%
Coke
12%
11%
6%
5%
Twice in a Day
Once in a Day
Occassionaly
Coke
26%
57%
12%
5%
Pepsi
11%
46%
37%
6%
Pepsi
Interpretation:
According to results for purchasing frequency,
26 % consumers of Coke buy it twice in a day,
57 % consumers of Coke buy it once in a day
12 % consumers of Coke buy it once in two days
5% consumers of Coke buy it occasionally
While for Brand of Pepsi
11 % consumers of Pepsi buy it twice in a day
46 % consumers of Pepsi buy it once in a day
37 % consumers of Pepsi buy it once in two days
5% consumers of Pepsi buy it occasionally
Thus, both Coke & Pepsi are used frequently i.e. twice a day as these are FMGs
Further; Coke is used more than Pepsi. For Pepsi , occasional or consumers with
Page | 40
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
once in a two days are more than Coke which means Coke is more consumed as
compared to Coke on daily basis.
Question No. 6
I did not search attribute information of the brands I was not aware of.
Frequency Table:
Option
Description
Strongly Agree
Frequency
Coke
1
Percentage
Coke
2%
Frequency
Pepsi
1
Percentage
Pepsi
2%
A
B
Agree
5%
2%
Neutral
11%
14%
Disagree
13
20%
21%
Strongly
Disagree
40
62%
21
61%
65
100%
35
100%
Total
Graph:
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
62% 61%
11% 14%
Coca Cola
20% 21%
Pepsi
2% 2%
5% 2%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coca Cola
2%
5%
11%
20%
62%
Pepsi
2%
2%
14%
21%
61%
Interpretation:
While asked about the searching the attribute information which are not known
about brand in terms inquisitive behavior about the awareness of brands,
Among Coke consumers,
2 % strongly agreed,
5 % agreed
11 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing,
20 % disagreed
62 % strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were,
2 % strongly agreed
2 % agreed
14 % remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
21 % disagreed
61 % strongly disagreed
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Thus, mostly consumers strongly disagreed that they are not in search of new
attributes of brands which they do not know.
Question No. 7
I usually purchase the same brand within a product class.
Frequency Table:
Option
Description
Strongly Agree
Frequency
Coke
36
Percentage
Coke
56%
Frequency
Pepsi
17
Percentage
Pepsi
48%
A
B
Agree
19
29%
13
37%
Neutral
9%
8%
Disagree
4%
3%
Strongly
Disagree
2%
3%
65
100%
35
100%
Total
Graph:
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
56% 48%
29%
38%
Coke
9%
8%
4%
3%
2%
3%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
56%
29%
9%
4%
2%
Pepsi
48%
38%
8%
3%
3%
Pepsi
Interpretation:
While asked about the purchase of specific brand that if consumer purchase that
very same brand whenever they want to buy the soft drink,
Coke consumers were,
56 % strongly agreed,
29 % agreed
9 % remained neutral
4 % disagreed
2 % strongly disagreed.
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were,
48 % strongly agreed
38 % agreed
8 % remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
3 % disagreed
3 % strongly disagreed
Thus, for both brands majority of the consumers strongly agreed that they used to
purchase the same brand in the product class i.e. soft drinks.
Question No. 8
If my preferred brand in this product class is not available at the store, it makes little
difference to me if I must choose another brand.
Frequency Table:
Option Description
A
B
C
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
D
E
Total
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Frequency
Coke
1
3
5
Percentage
Coke
2%
4%
7%
Frequency
Pepsi
1
1
2
Percentage
Pepsi
3%
3%
6%
15
41
65
22%
65%
100%
10
21
35
28%
60%
100%
Graph:
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
65% 60%
22%
2%
3%
4%
3%
7%
28%
Coke
Pepsi
6%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
2%
4%
7%
22%
65%
Pepsi
3%
3%
6%
28%
60%
Interpretation:
While asked about if the consumer do not bother to change their decision about
purchasing the specific brand of coke or Pepsi, in case of unavailability of any of
these brands, the responses were as under,
Coke consumers were,
2 % strongly agreed
4 % agreed
7 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing
22 % disagreed
65 % strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were,
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
3 % strongly agreed
3 % agreed
6% remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
28 % disagreed
60 % strongly disagreed
Thus, for both brands majority of the consumers strongly disagreed that they will
purchase another brand, if their favorite brand is not available.
Question No. 9
If I had made a brand choice in this product class before actually making the purchase, I
might easily change my intended choice upon receiving discrepant information.
Frequency Table:
Option Description
A
B
C
D
E
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Frequency
Coke
36
23
5
1
0
65
Percentage
Coke
56%
35%
7%
2%
0%
100%
Frequency
Pepsi
19
11
4
1
0
35
Percentage
Pepsi
55%
31%
11%
3%
0%
100%
Graph:
60%
50%
56% 55%
35%
40%
30%
31%
Coke
20%
7%
10%
0%
11%
2%
3%
Pepsi
0%
0%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
56%
35%
7%
2%
0%
Pepsi
55%
31%
11%
3%
0%
Interpretation:
While it was asked about the effect of discrepant information on purchase intended
choice of brand before actually making the purchase decisions,
Here, Coke consumers were,
56 % strongly agreed
35 % agreed
7 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing,
2 % disagreed
no one strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were,
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
55 % strongly agreed
31 % agreed
11 % remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
3% were disagreed a
no one strongly disagreed
Thus, the results show that discrepant information badly affects the purchase
decision of consumer.
Question No. 10
I automatically knew which brand to buy.
Frequency Table:
Option Description
A
B
C
D
E
Total
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Frequency
Coke
28
21
7
6
3
65
Percentage
Coke
44%
32%
11%
9%
4%
100%
Frequency
Pepsi
15
10
5
3
2
35
Percentage
Pepsi
43%
29%
14%
9%
5%
100%
Graph:
60%
50%
50% 49%
40%
25%
30%
20%
20%
13% 16%
10%
0%
8% 10%
Coke
4%
5%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
50%
25%
13%
8%
4%
Pepsi
49%
20%
16%
10%
5%
Pepsi
Interpretation:
While asked about that if the consumer knew automatically, which brand to buy
Coke consumers were
50 % strongly agreed
25 % agreed
13 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing
8 % disagreed
4% strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were
49 % strongly agreed
20 % agreed
Page | 45
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Description
Strongly Agree
Frequency
Coke
53
Percentage
Coke
81%
Frequency
Pepsi
26
Percentage
Pepsi
74%
1
2
Agree
11
17%
23%
Neutral
2%
3%
Disagree
0%
0%
Strongly
Disagree
0%
0%
65
100%
35
100%
Total
Graph:
100%
80%
80%
72%
60%
40%
17%
20%
0%
Coke
23%
2%
3%
Pepsi
1%
2%
1%
1%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
80%
17%
2%
1%
1%
Pepsi
72%
23%
3%
2%
1%
Interpretation:
While asked about if at the place of purchase, if consumer could visually detect his
preferred brand without much effort.
Coke consumers were
80 % strongly agreed
17 % agreed
2 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing
1% disagreed
1% strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were,
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
72 % strongly agreed
23 % agreed
3 % remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
2% disagreed
1% strongly disagreed
These results show that about both Coke and Pepsi brands, the consumer is loyal
and awareness is very good and consumers recognize their favorite brands without
any difficulty.
Question No. 12
I can quickly recall the symbol or logo of brand when I am not at the place of purchase.
Frequency Table:
Option Description
1
2
3
4
5
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Total
Frequency
Coke
38
22
3
1
1
Percentage
Coke
58%
33%
5%
2%
2%
Frequency
Pepsi
19
9
5
1
1
Percentage
Pepsi
54%
26%
14%
3%
3%
65
100%
35
100%
Graph:
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
58% 54%
33%
26%
5%
Coke
14%
2%
3%
2%
3%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
58%
33%
5%
2%
2%
Pepsi
54%
26%
14%
3%
3%
Pepsi
Interpretation:
While asked about remembering the logo of the brand, the answers were as follow,
Coke consumers were
58 % strongly agreed
33 % agreed
5 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing
2% disagreed
2 % strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were
54 % strongly agreed
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
26 % agreed
14 % remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
3 % disagreed
3 % strongly disagreed
The results show that the consumers of Coke & Pepsi can remember the logos of
their favorite brands even if they are not at place of purchase, so it shows high level
of loyalty and awareness.
Question No. 13
When think about that product line, I always have the brand in mind.
Frequency Table:
Option Description
A
Strongly Agree
Frequency
Coke
48
B
C
D
E
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
14
2
1
0
21%
3%
2%
0%
8
1
1
0
22%
3%
3%
0%
65
100%
35
100%
Total
Percentage
Coke
74%
Frequency
Pepsi
25
Percentage
Pepsi
72%
Graph:
80%
74% 72%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Coke
21% 22%
3%
3%
2%
3%
Pepsi
0%
0%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Coke
74%
21%
3%
2%
0%
Pepsi
72%
22%
3%
3%
0%
Interpretation:
While asked about whether they have this specific brand in their mind when talking
about this product line,
Coke consumers were
74 % strongly agreed
21 % agreed
3 % remained neutral by not agreeing or disagreeing
2% disagreed
No one strongly disagreed
On the other hand, Pepsi consumers were,
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
72 % strongly agreed
22 % agreed
3 % remained neutral by neither agreeing nor disagreeing
3 % disagreed
No one strongly disagreed
Thus, it is obvious that all the loyal consumer of any brand which has chosen that
very specific brand, they also go for same brand when they have to buy among the
beverage.
5.4 Summary:
The research was conducted on 100 sample size among which 60 % were male, 40 %
Females and also among both the brand under study Coke and Pepsi, Coke was chosen
by 65 % consumers and Pepsi by 35 %.
The conclusion was drawn that consumer do prefer that brand, for which more
awareness is spread through advertising or any other means. It also increases the
loyalty for brand.
Also consumers always look for more and more awareness about the brands and they
usually buys same brand in the product line of soft drink i.e. stick with coke or Pepsi
and also consumers do not easily change their mind about purchasing a brand, until
discrepant information about brand appear to them so care should be taken about
information disseminated about brand.
Also, when consumers become loyal with a brand then they recognize the brands very
well, they can imagine and remember the logos of brands and then they detect very
soon, their favorite brand among the several soft drinks.
Also, consumers stick with the brand and more loyal to brands which have well
awareness and are able to earn good perception. The study shows that more the
awareness about brand is spread, more people perceive good about the brand and thus
loyalty for that brand gets stronger.
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Chapter No 6
Conclusion, recommendations and limitations
6.1 Conclusions:
This research product was aimed to determine the consumer perception about the
brands Coke & Pepsi based upon the perceived quality of brand by the consumers and
thus their association towards brands.
Following conclusions can be drawn from the study.
i. The overall research survey for Coke and Pepsi has revealed that Coke is more
adopted brand then that of Pepsi.
ii. Consumers perception and loyalty about those brands is better which are more
advertised or about which more information is spread. In our case of soft drinks,
coke due to its widespread awareness through its advertisement is more favorite
& consumers are more likely to buy Coke then Pepsi.
iii. The research leads to an important conclusion that Customer is always looking
for awareness due to several factors. Consumer always try to find more about
the features of any brands and even the brands they know very well, still they
want to know any new features or information about that brand.
iv. This research help to find the fact that the consumers, when they used to buy the
same brand whenever they have to make purchase in same product class i.e. soft
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
drinks, clothing, handheld devices and other FMGs, their loyalty with that brand
keep them sticking with that very same brand. So the brand loyalty is a major
factor in making consumers perception about the brand or in other words the
brand loyalty will be higher if the consumer perceptions are higher for the brand.
An important outcome from research is that when customers perception about
any brand becomes good, it help them to be loyal to that brand which also comes
through the brand awareness, as awareness helps to make the consumer, initially
interested and then loyal to the brand. So, in case of unavailability of any brand
on shelf, consumers still, dont find it easy to change the mind about purchasing
other brand, which concludes that awareness and loyalty are linked strongly and
awareness of a brand help the consumers to perceive good about a brand and
then to stick to that brand.
Research indicate that a well-known brand for which consumers have more
awareness, ultimately gets closer to consumers and also find a good image and
perceived value. Consumers being more aware of and loyal about these brands,
tend to prefer the brand when it comes to buying that brand.
This research helps us to conclude that it is obvious that if at the place of
purchase consumers can visually detect their preferred brand then it means that
they are well familiar with it, they can recognized a brand due to awareness
about the brand and also it shows the loyalty of the consumers for that brand. At
the same time, more loyal are the consumers, more likely they have better
perception about the brand and they are more aware about the brand. So, in order
to increase the loyalty with the brand, the brand awareness must be expanded.
Conclusion can be drawn from this research that, for both brands majority of the
consumers were strongly agreed with the statement that they can remember the
symbol /logo of their favorite brand.
Thus loyalty is strongly connected to the fact that when consumers become
loyal, they can recall and remember the logos of their favorite brand; on the
other hand awareness is important factor, more they become aware with the
brand logos through advertising etc, they become more loyal towards the brand
and so does the consumer perception also increases.
x. Through the research we can conclude that if consumers have the brand in mind,
while they are discussing about the product line i.e. soft drinks, then it shows
the loyalty of the consumers towards that brand. The more quickly they can
remind the brand, more loyal are they with the brand and ultimately, it employee
that awareness is also very important and same is the case about the perception,
so consumer perception is linked to the awareness and loyalty of the brands.
xi. Research leads to conclude, by asking about discrepant informations effect on
chosen brands purchase, that the consumer awareness is important thing and
company must spread the information about the brand in precise and transparent
way, as it has a greater impact on consumers loyalty if some information reveal
on consumer before purchase, even though sometimes these are in accord with
brand, but as these are revealed just in time to consumer so he might not
understand or interpret these ones at sudden, so it spoils the loyalty and
consumer perception about brand can change.
6.2 Recommendations:
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
6.3 Limitations:
There were several limiting conditions which were faced as the restrictive factors
during the course of this research product and they have affected the research product
in one way or other.
Some important limitation which otherwise have let the research results and finding
more refined and improved, are
o Difficulty in accessing the concerned participants/respondents as they were
scattered and people were more often unwilling to respond and fill the
questionnaire.
o At several stages access to the required information was difficult due to several
reasons i.e. privacy issues, company policies, non-disclosure confidential data
from companies, researchers etc.
o Time was the biggest limitation which has reduced the scope of study and
forbade to dip into more detailed analysis and to reach the more segments of
the populations. As research scope was very large as compared to the time
allowed for completion of the research. If the time was flexible there were more
aspects which can be reached through this research by enlarging the sample
size and dimensions of study.
o Among major hurdles were the lack of budget available for travelling to
coverage the more urban and rural areas and also to utilizing the more concise
information and professional sources i.e. IEEE libraries and other sources
which are available after paying. So like every research, if budget was more
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Page | 53
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Part II
I.
Organizations Name:
Mil-Tek Middle East LLC
www.miltek.ae
Designation:
General Manager
Experience (Years)
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
II.
Appendix/Appendixes
Research Questionnaires:
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Page | 57
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
10 year compound
annual growth
Compan Industry
y
6%
5%
5-year compound
annual growth
Compan Industry
y
5%
5%
Nonalcoholic
drink
2002
All commercial
Beverages
Compan
y
Industry
Company
share
Compan
y share
4%
4%
18%
9%
2002
Compan
y per
capita
Income
70
Page | 58
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
Page | 59
Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi
IV. Bibliography
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"Chapter 4: Perception, Attribution, and the Management of Diversity"] Retrieved November 17,
2011.
2. Retrieved May 03, 2013, from. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/customerperception.html#ixzz2SJszsqcf
3. S. Dzever and P. Quester (1999). Country-Of-Origin Effects on Purchasing Agents Product
Perceptions: An Australian Perspective, Journal of Industrial Marketing Management Vol. (2) ,pp.
165-175.
4.
5. Lewin, Kurt (1936), Principles of Topological Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
6. Dodds, William B. and Kent B. Monroe (1985), "The Effect of Brand and Price Information on
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Consumer perception with respect to Brand Awareness and Brand Loyalty : A comparative study of Coke & Pepsi