Project

Subject: OC
Topic: Different Attractive Packaging
DEFINITION OF PACKAGING
Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for
distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design,
evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated
system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use.
Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries
it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.
BRIEF HISTORY OF PACKAGING
Paper may be the oldest form of what today is referred to as "flexible packaging. In
early days there is less need for packaging, either for transportation or storage. Before the
creation of pure packaging materials people use many of the natural things to make a
basket for packaging to protect products from contamination, from environmental
damage, from theft or from any other damage. They used woven grasses, animal organs
or this type of things for that. But these days we are using paper products, glass products,
metal products and Plastic products for packaging.
One rather recent development in packaging is the labeling of the product
with the company name and contents information. Official trademarks were pioneered in
1866 by Smith Brothers for their cough drops marketed in large glass jars. This was a
new idea _ using the package to "brand" a product for the benefit of the consumer. In
1870, the first registered U.S. trademark was awarded to the Eagle_Arwill Chemical
Paint Company.
IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING
-

To attract attention
Protection of the goods inside
Assist in promotion
Provide machine identification (barcodes, etc.), impart essential or additional
information
Help in utilization and consumption
Used for track and trace purposes

Packaging also fulfils a key role for it provides us with a recognizable logo and also we
can instantly know what the goods are inside. From the consumer perspective, packaging

plays a major role when products are purchased as both a cue and as a source of
information.

IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING TO MARKETING

Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to glamorize your product in
order to attract the consumers attention. Sometimes packaging is so important
that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it.
Packaging should definitely be included in the 4 major Ps of marketing (product,
place, promotion and price).
Packaging plays an important role in the marketing context. The right packaging
can help a brand carve a unique position in the marketplace and in the minds on
consumers. Packaging has a better reach than advertising does, and can set a
brand apart from its competitors. It promotes and reinforces the purchase decision
not only at the point of purchase, but also every time the product is used.
Packaging has a better reach than advertising does, and can set a brand apart from its
competitors. It promotes and reinforces the purchase decision not only at the point of
purchase, but also every time the product is used. Packaging in different serving sizes can
extend a product into new target markets or help to overcome cost barriers. Packaging
can even drive the brand choice (especially in the context of childrens products).
It was found out that most consumers like the product quality after they
purchased their desired packaged products. Based on those facts, we cannot say there is a
100% equal relationship between good package and good product quality, but there is a
positive thinking and trend about well - designed package shows high product quality. As
a matter of fact, people are becoming more and more demanding; packaging has been
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gradually shown his important role in a way to serving consumer by providing

information and delivering functions.
Packaging in different serving sizes can extend a product into new target markets or help
to overcome cost barriers. Packaging can even drive the brand choice (especially in the
context of childrens products). As the market becomes more competitive and shelf space
is at a premium, products need to be able to stand out from the crowd and packaging
needs to provide more than just functional benefits and information.
With its different functionality to ease and to communicate with consumers, there is no
doubt about increasingly important role of packaging as a strategic tool to attract
consumers attention and their perception on the product quality.
Having attractive packaging doesnt mean you should neglect quality
either. In fact, you need to make high quality products in order to have repeated sales.
Converting first time buyers into loyal customers should be the main goal of your
business and packaging is the door to it.
PACKAGING DESIGN
PACKAGING DESIGN has the primary goal to attract customers attention. For this
purpose, package designs can not simply inform the customers, but also provoke feelings
and communicate emotions. An effective packaging looks attractive, impresses with its
creativity and is just nice to have on the shelf.
Colors, fonts, descriptions and logos are the tools that are used in
packaging design. Companies market their brands by creating a specific "look and feel"
to their product's packaging. A customer must feel comfortable enough with the
presentation of the company's brand to want to purchase the product.
CLASSIFICATION OF PACKAGING
Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the product and holds it.
This usually is the smallest unit of distribution or use and is the package which is
in direct contact with the contents.

Example of Primary Packaging

 Secondary packaging is outside the primary packaging, perhaps used to group

primary packages together.

Tertiary packaging is used for bulk handling, warehouse storage and transport
shipping. The most common form is a palletized unit load that packs tightly into
containers.

POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN DEVELOPING PACKAGING

1. Make sure the packaging is unique.
- The packaging must stand out from the crowd and be different from your
competitors.
2. Make sure it performs the function required.
- Part of the firms packaging strategy maybe to make the packaging a functional
part of the product. Some drink cartons follow this strategy. Muller yogurts corner have
their packaging divided into two sections where consumers can mix yogurt and fruit as
and when they choose. The packaging therefore encourages the consumer to interact with
the product. If it is a food product, the packaging must also preserve the product for a
period of time. The packaging must also be safe and tested to make sure consumers can
safely use it. Many users give up using the product if the packaging of it makes it difficult
for the consumer to access and use the product.
3. Make sure packaging promotes your product and brand.
- Packaging must be designed so it promotes the benefits of the product and
promotes the product brand. The brand name must be clearly visible, and the benefits of
the product clear for the consumer to see.
4. Make sure packaging is identifiable and reinforces the brand.
- When the product sits on the shelf of the retailer the packaging must stand out
and be identifiable by the consumer. The packaging of the product must reinforce not just
the product brand but also the corporate brand. Will it follow a common colour scheme?
Will fonts be similar to other products with the range? In essence does the packing have
to follow the family brand strategy? This is really important as consumer who walk down
an aisle of a shop recognize a product through its packaging strategy and will often pick
up a product without double checking their purchase.
5. The selection of products and materials for packaging and when export the goods
,depends on the consideration of several factors, which include
-

product compatibility and stability

Mode of transport
cost
package safety
solid waste impact
Security
Wood packaging requirements
Food and perishable goods

6. Due to some regulatory measures of governing bodies and authorities, some of the
factors that manufacturers consider these days for packaging are

Use of packaging material made from recyclable, reusable or bio-degradable

material.
The label on the package is provided with information regarding the ingredients
used. The package labels now days are generally accompanied by detailed
instructions for proper use to maximize the performance and minimize wastage.

TYPES OF PACKAGING
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRIMARY PACKAGING

Ampoules
Vials
Containers
Syringe
Strip packages
Blister packaging
Closures (plastic, metal)

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SECONDARY PACKAGING

Paper and board

Cartons
Corrugated fibers
Box manufacture

- Paper and Carton Packaging

Paper and carton packaging is used for different types of goods (food, electronics,
toys, shoes, kitchenware and even other packaging materials). Paper and carton
packaging companies produce wrapping paper, inflated paper, sheets, boxes, tubes,
pallets, interlayers, corners, edges and custom protective systems (depending on the
dimension and shape of the packed good, the carton is cut and modeled to fix and protect
the product). Paper can be used to laminate other materials in order to make them
stronger. There is also anticorrosive paper that can be used to wrap goods or to laminate
other materials.
- Film Packaging
There are multiple types of films used in the packaging industry, most commonly
polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyolefin and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films.
The films usually come on a roll and are used to wrap goods, cover goods, protect boxes
and make other packaging products (such as bags, tubes, bubble wrap and sheets). Films
can be used for lamination, printed or perforated. They can be anticorrosive, antistatic,
shrinkable or nonshrinkable, and slippery or nonslippery.

- Foam Packaging
Foam used for packaging can be produced on a roll or in sheets of
different thicknesses. The foam is used to wrap goods or make bags (usually laminated
with high-density PE), corners, edges and custom systems. The corners and edges are
used to protect flat glass, furniture and sharp edges. Foam can be cut and modeled on the
product's shape to fix and protect it. It can be antistatic and has good insulation
properties.
- Textile Packaging
There are some goods that are best protected by textiles. For example,
there are custom-made textile insertions used in the automotive industry to protect car
parts during transportation. The textile insert is put on a metal frame that fits into a metal
container. There is also textile material used for box covers.
- Plastic Boxes and Containers
Multiple types of plastic boxes and containers are used in all industries.
For example, in the food industry there are plastic containers for goods like ketchup,
yogurt, milk and juices. Plastic boxes are mainly used for transporting goods and are
reusable. They can be stacked, folded when empty to save storage space and recycled.

Packaging Systems
Packaging companies offer different types of systems that can be divided
into two categories: special solutions and packaging machines. The special solutions are
used for valuable products that don't have a regular, simple shape. For example, parts of
airplanes or expensive decorative glass objects need special solutions to be packed. The
goods fit perfectly into the packaging and are protected against damages.
Packaging machines are used for wrapping (wrapping the stretch film on
the pallet), strapping (applying and sealing straps on boxes), sealing (with tape for boxes
and with heat for films) and shrink wrapping (applying PVC or polyolefin film on
products or boxes). There are also machines that inflate film, paper and instant foam.
Other Types
Adhesive tapes are also considered packaging materials, as they help seal
boxes. They are usually made out of PE or PP film that has acrylic or solvent glue applied
to it and that can be printed on. Strapping tapes are usually applied on boxes or pallets.
They are made out of PE or PP and can be printed with one color. The standard colors are
black and clear for PP and green for PE.

DIFFERENT MATERIALS USED

CARTRIDGE PAPER - is used for general drawing. It is often good quality and
generally 100 to 135g in thickness. This paper is used for design and technology projects
and will take colour from pencils and felt pens without too much leaking to the opposite
side of the paper.
CARDBOARD - is thicker than paper as it is made up of a number of layers, glue or
laminated together. The diagram opposite shows a net / development of a package. It can
be folded to produce a carton.
DUPLEX BOARD - This is used for containers and can contain liquids as it may have a
water-proof liner on the inside. It can have a wax feel. This type of card is used by the
food industry and consequently recycled card is not used in its manufacture
SOLID WHITE BOARD - This is normally top quality cardboard made from quality
bleached wood pulp. It is the best card for printing on to and consequently it is used for
hard backed books and more expensive items.
CORRUGATED BOARD - This type of board is often used for packaging large
electrical items. These large boxes (often brown in colour) protect the contents from
damage. Corrugated board is strong because it is composed of a top and bottom layer and
in between there is a triangulated section. A triangular section is very strong compared to
its weight.
FOIL LINED BOARD - is good quality cardboard with a aluminium foil lining. This
type of container is ideal for ready made meals or take away meals. The foil retains the
heat and helps keep the food warm.
TRACING PAPER -Is used pupils, students and designers. It allows the designer to
copy an existing drawing / shape. Tracing paper can be useful when there is a need to
produce
several
drawings
that
are
based
on
the
same
outline.
Also, tracing paper makes it possible to place one design on top of another to produce a
second layer. The original design can be seen under the second drawing.
GLASS CONTAINERS - Glass jars and bottles are very popular for packaging foods.
They protect food from moisture, pests, and micro organism. These are very useful as
they can be processed under heat, reusable, recyclable, rigid, can be stored and are
transparent to display its contents or the food inside. Along with different advantages it
has certain disadvantages too. They are heavier and for this require higher transport costs.
They can be easily broken, especially, when transporting through rough roads. These are

mainly used for packing foods like different preservatives such as jams, jellies, juices,
pickles, beer, wine, etc.
PLASTIC - is a versatile food-packaging material. Often in the form of custom bags,
plastic is used for bread, frozen goods, snack foods and resealables
ALUMINUM is common, easy to manufacture, inexpensive and environmentally
friendly because it's made of recycled materials and can again be recycled. Aluminum
food containers can store food safely for extended periods. It is perfect for storing canned
goods, potted meats and fish, as an inner liner for bags, or even as covers for foods stored
in plastic trays.
TRENDS & RESULTS OF PACKAGING
The package designs are planned to reflect the many changing social and
economic trends in the world. Several of those trends and resulting examples
include:
health consciousness (nutrient and additive contents)
family size/singles (different portions)
economy (various sizes, quality levels)
mobility (convenience items)
novelty (152 new food and drug items were introduced in the U.S. in June 1982)
labeling requirements (contents and directions)
available equipment (products for the freezer or microwave)
time and convenience to purchase and use (various available sizes, complete
meals in a package)
consumerism (consumer complaints have the highest influence on pharmaceutical
and health-related products)
customs and social habits (beverage packaging)
environmental concerns (reduced, reusable and recyclable
packaging)
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PACKAGING
Food and drink products are packaged and sold in glass, plastic, aluminum and paper.
Each of these materials has advantages and disadvantages for the consumer and the
manufacturer.
Safety
Packaging food makes it safer and less vulnerable to contamination.
Though the Food and Drug Administration has expressed concern about
the safe use of recycled packaging, it is generally considered to be safe.
Shelf Life

 Food lasts longer and stays fresh longer when it's packaged successfully.
Unpackaged food can quickly become dry, moldy or spoiled.
Waste
Food packaging accounts for a large amount of all waste in the United
States. Though some packaging is recyclable, it's difficult to improve the
efficiency of most packaging.
Cost
Packaging accounts for a percentage of all food manufacturers' costs, and
that is factored into the final price of each food product for the consumer.
Convenience
Single-serving packages and packaged perishable items are convenient because
consumers don't have to wrap them up or put them in containers before storing them.

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