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GOALS:
Role of heat exchangers in chemical processing
Basic concepts and terminology
Types of heat exchangers
Design methodology
Sizing
Design
Rating
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Shell Side
Outlet
Nozzle
Shell Side
Inlet Nozzle
Tube Side
Outlet
Nozzle
Tube Side
Inlet Nozzle
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T (K)
Multicomponent Cooling/Condensation
DUTY Q (kJ/s)
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u Latent Heat:
Q = W
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T1in
Countercurrent Flow
T
Cocurrent Flow
T1out
T1out
T2out
T2in
T2out
T2in
Q
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T1in
T2out
T
T1out = T2in
Qmax
10
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12
13
14
15
16
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REPRISE: ASSUMPTIONS
u The Cps are constant over the temperature range
involved. (Reasonable for most exchangers of practical
interest.)
u U is constant over the temperature range involved.
(Reasonable for most exchangers of practical interest.)
u Flow is pure countercurrent or pure cocurrent. If not, a
correction factor F is required to adjust the LMTD.
Q = UA F LMTD
F has been derived for most common heat exchanger
configurations (multiple tube passes, cross flow, etx.).
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RATING CALCULATIONS
u If U and A are known along with the Ws and Cps, use
the appropriate performance equation solutions.
u If only the specifications of the exchanger (number of
tubes, length of tubes, tube diameter, baffle spacing,
baffle cut, etc.) are given, compute A from the geometry
and U from
1/U = 1/hf1 + 1/hwall + 1/hf2 + rfouling
using the appropriate correlations for hf1 and hf2.
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SIZING CALCULATIONS
u . Choose a typical value for U based on the type of
service. [Tables of typical values can be found in Perrys
and most textbooks on heat exchanger design.]
u Determine the outlet temperatures based on the
performance specifications and the appropriate energy
balances.
u Calculate A from Q = U A LMTD
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RIGOROUS DESIGN
u Determine the basic heat exchanger features such as tube
diameter and wall thickness, tube length, baffle spacing, and
baffle cut.
u Estimate the area required based on a sizing calculation.
u Determine the number of tubes required to provide the estimated area. Check the tube-side fluid velocity. If below the
acceptable range, estimate number of tube passes required.
u Calculate U based on the appropriate correlations and a
reasonable estimate of the fouling resistance.
u Iterate until Uassumed = Ucalculated.
u Check the pressure drops and adjust design if unacceptable.
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