Type 1:- The ratio of the cost price and the selling price is 4:5.

The profit
percent is?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30
Ans:- 25
profit is always calculated on cost price
so, c.p=4 , s.p=5
Profit=s.p-c.p, 5-4=1
profit %= profit/cost price * 100, then, 1/4*100= 25

Type 2:- If on selling 12 notebooks a seller makes a profit equal to selling price
of 4 notebook, what is his profits percentage?
a. 16.2/3
b. 25
c. 50
d. None of these
Ans:-50
if there is profit on selling item = selling price of an article
To find profit %, simply minus 12 from 4= 8
Profit % = 4/8*100=50
Type 3:- A vender loses the selling price of 4 oranges on selling 36 oranges his
loss percentage is?
a. 10
b. 11.1/9
c. 12.1/2
d. None of these

Ans:-10
if there is loss on selling item = selling price of an article
to find loss%, simply add 36 to 4 = 40
Loss % = 4/40*100 = 40
Type 4:- Some article were brought of 6 for rs. 5. And sold at 5 for rs. 6. Gain
percentage is/
a. 30
b. 33.1/3
c. 35
d. 44
Ans:-44

Type 5:- A vender by selling 12 toffee for a rupee. A man loses 20%. How many
for a rupee should he sell to get a gain of 20%?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 8
d. 12
Ans:- 8

12 toffee for rs 1 loss 20% then

c.p = 1*100/80 = 5/4 on this price we have to gain profit of
20%
So, 5/4* 120/100 = 3/2
If for Rs. 2/3 we have 12 toffee then for rs 1 we have
= 12x2/3=8
Type 6:- A sell a bicycle of to B at a profit of 20%. B sell it to C at profit of 25%.
If C pays rs. 225 for it the cost price of bicycle is?
a. 110
b. 120
c. 125
d. 150
Ans:- 150
let cost price be X then,
x.120/100 . 125/100= 225 ,
by solving, then X equal to 150
Type 7:- A shopkeeper professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a
weight of 800gm instead of 1kg. thus he makes a profit of?
a. 20%
b. 16.2/3
c. 25
d. 50
Ans :- 25

Type 8 :- A shopkeeper cheats to the extents of 10% while buying as well as

selling by using false weight his total gain is ?
a. 10%
b. 11%
c. 20%
d. 21%
Ans :-21%

Type 9 :- An article when sold at a gain of 5% yields rs. 15 more than when sold
at a loss of 5%. Its cost price would be
a. 150
b. 200
c. 250
d. 300
Ans:-150
difference between gain % and loss% equal to 10%
then, 10% = rs. 15
100% = rs. 150 , that is your cost price
Type 10:- The price of an article has been reduced by 25%. In order to restore
the original price the reduced price must be increased by?
a. 25%
b. 30%
c. 33%
d. 33.1/3%
Ans:-33.1/3%

Type 11:- An article was sold at 16% gain. Had it been sold for rs. 200 more, the
gain would have been 20% then the cost price of the article is?
a. 5000
b. 4800
c. 4500
d. 5200
Ans :- 5000
difference in gain % equal to 200,
Then 20%-16%=4%
4%= 200 then,
100%= 5000 that is your cost price of the article
Volume 3, No. 3, March 2012
Journal of Global Research in Computer Science
TECHNICAL NOTE
Available Online at www.jgrcs.info
JGRCS 2010, All Rights Reserved 59
FAST AND EFFICIENT METHODS FOR PROFIT & LOSS RELATED PROBLEMS
(FEM-PLRP)
Gaurav Dobriyal*

Dept. Of Computer Science, Dev Bhoomi Institute of Technology, Dehradun (U.K.), INDIA
dobriyal.gaurav74@gmail.com*
Abstract: This is one of the important or frequent asking lessons in all written examination. In this paper
I try to give some of the effective tricks
to solve the problem more easily and quickly, I will tell you how to short-out problem more quickly as
compared to traditional method which
take time. In this point of time we dont have time to go for the tradition method which is only the
wastage of time and in banking sector we
have to solve the problem as soon as possible because we 90mint to solve the 200 question. So in this
paper we give the type of question and the
tricks to solve the question.
INTRODUCTION
a. It is very essential on the part of a teacher to develop a
conceptual clarity in children about profit and loss.
b. This module will help in dealing children at primary
level with example.
c. This module is benefited to the teacher as well as
student.
d. It helps to understand the market value of the product.
e. Children learn better from their practice & develop
confidence
Profit and loss is the branch of basic mathematics which
deals with the study of profit and loss made in a business
transaction. The profit and loss account is fundamentally a
summary of the trading transactions of a business and shows
whether it has made a profit or loss during a particular
period of account. Indeed, by deducting the total

expenditure from total income the profit or loss of a

business can be calculated. Along with the balance sheet, it
is one of the key financial statements that make up a
company's statutory accounts. Basically, this type of account
shows the following information for a business [1]:
a) Sales revenue earned by business
b) Cost of sales that the business has incurred
c) Other operating costs incurred by the business
d) Profit/Loss earned by business.
Profit and loss is mainly used in finance and business
transactions. Some important profit and loss formulas are:
Notations used in profit and loss:
S.P. Selling price
C.P. Cost price
M.P. Marked Price.
Profit and Loss Formulas:
The Overall Summary of all these formulae in which we can
calculate the gain, loss, S.P & C.P directly by using the
below formula.....
S.P= (100 +- g/l) C.P....
100
if we use gain then we use + sign and if we use loss then we
use sign.
Objective:
a. To provide the student clear concept about profit and

loss.
b. To enhance the student in purchasing and selling
activity.
c. To make recognize the student with money value in
marketing system.
Table 1: Profit and Loss
Profit and loss table
name of article c.p s.p if s.p>c.p,Profit=s.p -c.p ifs.p<c.p, loss= c.p-s.p
bicycle Rs.2000 Rs. 2500 Rs. 2500>Rs.2000,profit = 2500-2000=Rs.500 Radio Rs. 3000 Rs. 2500 - Rs. 3000 > Rs.2500, loss =3000-2500 =Rs.500
Important facts [1]:
Cost Price:-The price, at which an article is purchased, is
called its cost price (C.P).
Selling Price:-The price, at which an article is sold, is called
its selling price (S.P).Gaurav Dobriyal et al, Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 3 (3), March
2012, 59-60
JGRCS 2010, All Rights Reserved 60
Profit or Gain:-If S.P is greater than C.P, the seller is said to
have a Profit or Gain.
Loss:-If S.P. is less than C.P, the seller is said to have
incurred a loss.
The Overall Summary of all these formulae in which we can
calculate the gain, loss, S.P & C.P directly by using the
below formula.....
S.P= (100 +- g/l) C.P....
100

if we use gain then we use + sign and if we use loss then we

use sign.
E.g. - if C.P is 150, in what price it will be selling so as to
gain 20%?
Proceed as-gain 20% is given so, S.P= (120/100)*150=180.
E.g. If C.P is 180, in what price he will sell it so as to suffer
a loss of 10%?
Proceed as: i.e. loss is 10% so S.P = ((10010)/100)*180=162.
Trick Type [2-4]
Type 1: If a man purchase A orange for Rs B & sell C
orange for Rs D. How much profit or loss percent does he
make?
Go as
Proceed as profit and loss depend on the positive and
negative sign and method to solve it is multiple A with D
and B with C, as B is become C.P and it is multiple by C, as
we know that we always divide the gain or loss by C.P ,so
we divide it by B*C.
Profit/loss% = A*D B*C * 100
B*C
After solving it, if we get negative answer then it will be
loss and if we get positive sign then it will gain.
Sample: - If a man purchase 11 orange for Rs 10 and sell
them 10 orange for Rs 11.How much profit or loss does he

make?
Solution: - 11 10

10 11

= 11x11-10x10 x100
10*10
= 121-100 x 100
100

=21% profit (+).

Type-2:-By selling an item for Rs X, a tradesman would
gain/ loss Y%. At what price must he sell it to gain/loss
Z%?
Proceed as:- to find SP of an item by which a person get a
gain of z% is
SP = X x 100 + Z
100 + Y
If there is a gain then we use + sign and if there is a loss
then we use sign.
Sample: - By selling a table for Rs 570 a trade man would
loss 5%. At what price must he sell it to gain 5%?
Solution:- SP = 570 * 100+5
100 - 5
=570* 105

95

= Rs 630.