Jos Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861 December 30, 1896) was

a Filipino nationalist, novelist, poet, ophthalmologist, journalist, and revolutionary. He is widely

considered as one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me Tngere, El
Filibusterismo, and a number of poems and essays. He was executed on December 30, 1896 by a squad
of Filipino soldiers of the Spanish Army.

Calamba, Laguna Dr. Jose Rizal was born on the moonlit night of Wednesday in the lakeshore town of
Calamba, Laguna.
Fr. Rufino Collantes who was a Batangueno, a parish priest who baptized Dr. Jose Rizal.
Fr. Pedro Casanas close friend of Rizal family, the godfather of Rizal.
Domingo Lameo Rizals great-great grandfather on his father side
Francisco Mercado the heros father, was born in Bian, Laguna on May 11, 1818.
Teodora Alonzo the heros mother, was born in Manila on November 8, 1826.
Eugenio Ursua great-great grandfather on mothers side (a Japanese ancestry), who married a Filipina
named Benigna.
Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad Rizal siblings
Middle-class Family The Rizal family belonged to the principalia a town aristocracy in Spanish
Philippines. It was one of the distinguished families in Calamba.
In memory of my town Jose Rizal's poem "In Memory of My Town" or "Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo"
expresses the writer's nostalgia for the town of his birth, Calamba in Laguna. The Philippine writer was a
15-year old student at the time he wrote the poem in 1876.
The story of the moth a story that was told to Rizal by his mother when he was a child
To my fellow children at the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem in the native language entitled Sa
Aking mga Kababata
Aid of divine providence
Hereditary influence

Influences on the Heros Boyhood

Environmental influence
Tio Jose Alberto Uncle. Teodoras brother who had studied for eleven years in a British school in
inspired him to develop his artistic ability.

Tio Gregorio Uncle. Teodoras brother wh is a book lover, intensified his voracious reading of good
book
Fr. Leoncio Lopez the old and learned parish priest of Calamba, fostered Rizals love for scholarship
and intellectual honesty
Imprisonment of his mother His mother was imprisoned for two and a half years on trumped-up
charges of poisoning her brother's wife, but was finally acquitted and released after being defended by
two of Manila's most famous lawyers.
Execution of Gomburza GOMBURZA stands for the names of the three Filipino priests- Fathers
Mariano Gmez, Jos Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, executed on February 17, 1872, at
Bagumbayan, Manila. These three martyrs were sentenced to death by means of the garrote,
mechanical strangulation, on the charges of subversion and inciting revolution after the Cavite mutiny.
Maestro Celestino
Maestro Locas Padua

Private Tutors of Rizal

Leon Monroy
Bian June 1869 December 1970 left Calamba to study in a private school in Bian. (Formal
Schooling)
Justiniano Aquino Cruz a well-known teacher of young boys. Rizals teacher in the private school in
Bian.
Pedro Son of the teacher of Rizal, Justiniano Aquino Cruz
Andres Salandanan the classmate of Rizal who challenged him to an arm-wrestling match after class.
Ateneo 1872-1877

Rizal studied at Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits.
1817 Escuela Pia (charity school) a school for poor boys in manila ahich was established by the
city government
When the Jesuit, who had been expelled from the Philippines in 1786, returned to Manila in
1859, they were given the management of the Escuela Pia whose name was change to Ateneo
Municipal
Graduated Bachelor of Arts degree in 1877 at the age of 16.
Graduated as one of the nine students declared sobresaliente.
Continued his education to obtain a degree in land surveying and assessor.

Fr. Magin Fernando who was the college registrar(Ateneo), refused to admit him for two reasons: 1.)
he was late for registration 2.) He was sickly and undersized for his age

Manuel Xerex Burgos nephew of Father Burgos upon his intercession he was reluctantly admitted at
the Ateneo
Roman Empire (internos/boarders) One of the two Groups in Ateneo. Their banners colour is red.
Carthaginian Empire (externos/non-boarders) One of the two Groups in Ateneo . Their banners
colour is blue.
Each of these empires had its rank:
The emperor- the best student in each empire
The tribune- the second best
The Decurion- the third best
The centurion- the fourth best
The standard-bearer- the fifth best
Fr. Jose Bech first professor of Rizal
Visited his mother in prison Without telling anyone during school breaks, he visited his mother in
prison, who was very happy of the stories of Rizal about his brilliant performance in Ateneo
My first inspiration Wrote his first poem Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration) which was
dedicated to his mother on her birthday.
The count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas first favorite novel of Rizal
Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor a German scientist-traveler who visited the

Philippines in 1859-1860, what impressed him to this book were: 1.) Jagors keen observations
of the defects of Spanish colonization 2.) His prophecy that someday Spain would lose the
Philippines and that America would come to succeed her as colonize.
Francisco de Paula Sanchez The Spanish Jesuit priest was Rizal's favorite professor in Ateneo (in
Literature).
March 23, 1877 Commencement day, Rizal, who was 16 years old, received from his alma

Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest honors.
Segunda Katigbak first romance of Rizal. A pretty fourteen-year-old Batanguea from Lipa
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez fifth romance of Rizal
Leonor Valenzuela was tall girl with a regal bearing. She is the third romance of Rizal. Orang is

her pet name.

Leonor Rivera fourth romance of Rizal. A student at La Concordia College, where Soledad

(Rizals youngest sisters) were studying. She was born in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867 was
a frail, pretty girl tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes. She and Rizal became
engaged
University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

He enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same time
took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo. He finished
the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyors examination on May 21, 1878;
but because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December
30, 1881
Studied Philosophy and Letters during his first year.
Shifted to Medicine specializing in Ophthalmology when he found out that his mother was going
blind.

Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of higher learning because:

(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him. (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards. (3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.

After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no
longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and the hostility in the University of Santo
Tomas.

Fr. Pablo Ramon Rector of the Ateneo, who had been good to him during his student days in

college, asking for advice on the choice of career

To the Filipino Youth (1879) At the age of eighteen years of age, Rizal won first prize for his poem To
the Philippine Youth in 1879 in a poetry contest organized for Filipino poets by the Manila Lyceum of
Art and Literature. This poem is one of his most famous poems.
To Council of the Gods (1880) El Consejo de Los Dioses (The Council of the Gods) is an allegorical play
written in 1879 by our national hero Jose Rizal. It was first published in Liceo Artistico Literario de
Manila review in 1880, latterly in La Solidaridad in1883. In December 1900 this was translated in
Tagalog.
Comprenismo (Comradeship) In 1880, Rizal founded Companerismo (Comradeship), a secret society
of Filipino UST students. The members were called Companions of Jehu. He was the chief of the
society. His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary.