NANO VISION

An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal

www.nano-journal.org

ISSN 2231-2579 (Print)

ISSN 2319-7633 (Online)
Abbr: Nano Vision.
2013, Vol.3(3): Pg.215-221

Design of Rectangular Nanostrip Patch Antenna for

Dual Band Terahertz Applications
R. Ramadas, C. Shunmugam, D. Kumar and R. Murugasami
Division of Nanotechnology,
Department of ECE, Periyar Maniammai University,
Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, INDIA.
email:ramadas_ece@yahoo.com, shunmugaaster@gmail.com
Presented in First National Conference on Thin Film Science and Nano Technology
(FIRST-NCTFSANT-2013) September 2-3, 2013, Rajah Serfoji Govt. College, Thanjavur, T.N.(India).

ABSTRACT
Rectangular nanostrip patch antenna with Graphite material at
nano scale has been designed and optimized using Ansoft HFSS.
The objective of this project is to design nanostrip patch antenna
for Dual Band Terahertz application by simulation through the
structural and functional optimization according to the desired
design specification such as antenna dimensions like Length (L),
Width (W) and Substrate parameters such as Relative permittivity
(r), Substrate thickness, Radiation parameters and Band width.
Substrates with low dielectric constant are generally preferred for
maximum radiation. Hence we prefer graphite which is having
dielectric constant as unity and which is also a super conductor at
nano scale. The conducting patch can take any shape. Because of
less complexity to analyze and require minimum numerical
computations, Rectangular & circular configurations are the most
commonly used. Hence graphite substrate and graphite rectangular
patch is designed at nano scale and it is simulated with Ansoft
HFSS 13.0 and with antenna design kit 1.0. In view of this design,
selection of width and length of the patch are the major parameters
along with the feed line and probe. The confined design of Patch
antenna is simulated at nano scale. Resultant Characteristics such
as return loss, gain, directivity, polarization, scattering parameters
and radiation pattern were analyzed and proved that this antenna is
suitable for Dual Band Terahertz application.
Keywords: Ansoft HFSS, Antenna design kit 1.0; nanostrip;
substrate; Graphite; Terahertz; Dual band; Relative permittivity (r).
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R. Ramadas, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.3 (3), 215-221 (2013)

INTRODUCTION
An antenna is a device that is made
to efficiently radiate and receive radiated
electromagnetic waves. There are several
important antenna characteristics that should
be considered when choosing an antenna for
application such as Antenna radiation
patterns, Power Gain, Directivity Polarization. Our society is in need of miniaturized
efficient antenna for developing quantum
communication system. Structurally and
functionally miniaturized antenna play a
vital role in developing efficient quantum
communication system. In this research
work, Graphite material is chosen at nano
scale because of thermal and structural
stability of carbon nano tube at quantum
scale. Graphite nano structures deployed in
substrate and patch of antenna results the
antenna characteristics at Dual Band
Terahertz level in frequency spectrum and
also it improvises the spectral filtering,
antenna coverage, antenna polarization,
gain, bandwidth, cut off frequency and
minimizes the impedance. A Nanostrip
Patch antenna consists of a radiating patch
on one side of a dielectric substrate which
has a ground plane on the other side as
shown in Figure (1). The patch is generally
made of conducting material such as copper
or gold and can take any possible shape. The
radiating patch and the feed lines are usually
photo etched on the dielectric substrate.
Nanostrip patch antennas radiate primarily
because of the fringing fields between the
patch edge and the ground plane. Nanostrip
patch antennas can be fed by a variety of
methods. These methods can be classified
into two categories- contacting and non
contacting. In the contacting method, the RF
power is fed directly to the radiating patch

using a connecting element such as a

nanostrip line. In the non-contacting scheme,
electromagnetic field coupling is done to
transfer power between the nanostrip line
and the radiating patch. In this research, we
deploy graphite sheet at nano scale (with
relative permittivity=1, relative permeability
=1, bulk conductivity =70000 Siemens/m) is
use as rectangular substrate and rectangular
patch above the surface of the substrate as
perfect E shaped with feed line and probe at
nano dimensions. Entire structure is simulate
using Ansoft HFSS 13.0 with antenna design
kit 1.0
DESIGN SPECIFICATION
A. Design Consideration
The three essential parameters for
the design of a rectangular Nanostrip Patch
Antenna:
Resonant Frequency (fr): The resonant
frequency selected for this design is 750
THz.
Dielectric constant of the substrate (r): The
dielectric material selected for our design is
graphite which has a dielectric constant of 1.
A substrate with a high dielectric constant
has been selected since it reduces the
dimensions of the antenna.
Height of dielectric substrate (h): For the
nanostrip patch antenna to be used Dual
Band Terahertz region, it is essential that the
antenna is not bulky. Hence, the height of the
substrate is selected as 20.5nm.Hence, the
essential parameters for the design are:
fr = 750THz, r = 1, h = 20.5nm

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R. Ramadas, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.3 (3), 215-221 (2013)

I = 2 + cos( )+ Sin +

sin()

= 3.0042597

B. Design Calculation
The actual length, L of the patch is,
c
2

= 200 nm
2f + 1

W=

The effective dielectric constant due to the

air dielectric boundary is given by:

+ 1
1

=
+
1 + 12 = 1
2
2

To determine the extension of length, we use

this formula:
= 0.412

. .

. .

= 14.0462 nm

= 400 nm

= 171.9076 nm 172

The ground plane dimensions would be

given as:
Lg = 6h + L = 295 nm and Wg = 6h + W
= 323 nm

I =

cos( )+ Si +

Where

= =

I as calculated previously was used to

calculate the value of conductance as shown
below;
I
=
= 2.535 10
120
=

sin

= 2 +

()

(1)

= 3.142857 3.1429

The calculated is Cosine and Sine Integrals

= 3.1429 sin( = )0.001307346
Therefore, solve for equation (1);

Where using the asymptotic methods that

it can be shown as following,
1 So, 0
To find the value of , we use equation
below;
=

=> y0=80 nm

= +
= 106
2
4

The actual length, L of the patch is using the

following formula:
=

217

SIMULATION SOLUTION AND

RESULTS
The software used to model and
simulate the Nanostrip patch antenna using
Ansoft HFSS. It is a full-wave
electromagnetic simulator based on the
method of moments. It analyzes 3D and
multilayer structures of general shapes. It
has been widely used in the design of
MMICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire
antennas, and other RF/wireless antennas. It
can be used to calculate and plot the S
parameters, VSWR, current distributions as
well as the radiation patterns. The inset feed
is designed to have an inset depth of 80nm,
feed-line width of 40nm and feed path
length of 140nm. A frequency range of (0.1

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R. Ramadas, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.3 (3), 215-221 (2013)

to 5000) THz is selected and 204 frequency

points are selected over this range to obtain
accurate results. The center frequency is
selected as 750 THz at which the return loss
is minimum. The bandwidth can be
calculated from the XY rectangular plot. The
optimum feed depth is found to be at Yo =
80nm where a Return Loss of -5.9 dB is
obtained. The bandwidth of the antenna for
this feed point location is calculated as,
1st Resonant frequency (fr1) :
fr1 = 320.2906 THz

Cut-off frequency (fc1) = (f2-f1)/2

= (332.6789-300.0866)/2 = 16.2962 THz
2nd Resonant frequency (fr2) : fr2
=2069.0241 THz
Cut-off frequency (fc2) = (f4-f3)/2
= (2081.1436-2054.1170)/2 =13.5133THz
Band width (BW1)= f2-f1
= (332.6789-300.0866) = 32.5923 THz
Band width (BW2)= f4-f3
= (2081.1436-2054.1170) = 27.0266 THz

Fig.1: 3D design of nanostrip patch antenna

Fig.2: 2D XY Rectangular Plot_Graphite

Nano Vision Vol. 3, Issue 3, 31 October, 2013 Pages (93-239)

R. Ramadas, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.3 (3), 215-221 (2013)

Fig.3: 3D Rectangular Plot

Fig.4: 2D Polar Plot_graphite

Fig.5: 3D Polar Plot

Nano Vision Vol. 3, Issue 3, 31 October, 2013 Pages (93-239)

219

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R. Ramadas, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.3 (3), 215-221 (2013)

Fig 6: Radiation Pattern

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

The simulations results obtained by

HFSS simulator is proved that the proposed
Design Of Rectangular Nanostrip Patch
Antenna in graphite nano structure for Dual
Band Terahertz Application can be good
candidate for band of 300THz to 3000 THz
region of frequency spectrum, due to its
miniature size, and its good performances. It
can be used for Investigations of Semi
conductor material, Dielectric material and
Foot print of Biological materials,
Surveillance of International security threats
like as atomic weapons, drugs and
explosives, Sensing, Near field imaging and
Narrow band communication for petroleum
and other industrial applications

1. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory,

Analysis and Design, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, (1997).
2. K. F. Lee, Ed., Advances in Nanostrip
and Printed Antennas, John Wiley, (1997).
3. D. M. Pozar and D. H. Schaubert,
Nanostrip Antennas: The Analysis
and Design of Nanostrip Antennas and
Arrays, IEEE Press, (1995).
4. F. E. Gardiol, Broadband Patch
Antennas, Artech House.
5. S. K. Behera, Novel Tuned Rectangular
Patch Antenna As a Load for Phase
Power Combining Ph.D Thesis,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata.
6. D. R. Jackson and J. T. Williams, A
comparison of CAD models for
radiation from rectangular nanostrip
patches, Intl. Journal of Microwave
and Millimeter-Wave Computer Aided
Design, Vol.1, No. 2, pp. 236-248, April
(1991).
7. D. R. Jackson, S. A. Long, J. T.
Williams, and V. B. Davis, Computeraided design of rectangular nanostrip

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors express their thanks to
DST-Nanomission, New Delhi, Govt. of
India for providing fund (With Order No:
Project #SR/NM/PG-05/2008, Duration:
2010-2015) for our research at the Division
of Nanotechnology of Periyar Maniammai
University, Thanjavur.

Nano Vision Vol. 3, Issue 3, 31 October, 2013 Pages (93-239)

R. Ramadas, et al., Nano Vision, Vol.3 (3), 215-221 (2013)

antennas, Ch. 5 of Advances in

Nanostrip and Printed Antennas, K. F.
Lee, Editor, John Wiley, (1997).
8. Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy
with Dual
BandTeraherz beams
of
dielectrics and semiconductors, D
Grischkowsky, S Keiding, M Van ExterJ. Opt. Soc. Am,-utol.okstate.edu (1990).

221

Security applications of Teraherz techno

logy, MC Kemp, PF Taday, BE Cole AeroSense , proceedings.
spiedigitallibrary.org (2003).
9. Thz imaging
and
sensing
for
security applicationsexplosives,
weapons and drugs.

Nano Vision Vol. 3, Issue 3, 31 October, 2013 Pages (93-239)