Properties of Natural Gas

Question 1
A natural gas mixture consists of the following components.
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

Mol%
75
10
10
5

Calculate the average molecular weight and critical properties of this natural gas
mixture. Calculate the reduced temperature, reduced pressure mixture , compressibility
factor using CNGA equation, specific gravity and viscosity of this gas at STP and (80
O
F and 1000 psia).
Question 2
The gas is flowing at a flow rate of 1000 MMSCFD through a pipe of NPS 20 (ID of
19.5 inches) at a temperature of 80oF and 1000psia. Composition of gas is as follows:
Component
Mol%
Methane
75
Ethane
10
Propane
10
Butane
5
Express gas flow rate Qg in MMSCFD at STP as Q at (T and P) in m3/s
Express gas velocity ug at STP as u at (T and P) in m/s
Express gas density g at STP as at (T and P) in kg/m3
Estimate gas flow rate, gas velocity and density at the operating conditions.
Properties of Liquids
Question 3
(a) Calculate the specific gravity of a crude oil that has an API gravity of 29.0.
(b) Calculate the API gravity of an oil whose specific gravity is 0.82.

c). Express viscosity of 150 cSt of an oil in terms of SSU.

d). Estimate viscosity of an oil with 200 SSU
e). Estimate viscosity of an oil with 200 SSF

Properties of Natural Gas/ product Components

o

M.Wt

TC, R

Pc,bar

Zc

Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Propane
Propylene
Butane

CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C3H8
C3H6
C4H10

16.01
30.07
28.054
44.10
42.081
58.12

190.6
305.3
282.3
369.8
365.6
425.1

45.99
48.72
50.4
42.48
46.65
37.96

0.012
0.1
0.087
0.152
0.14
0.2

0.286
0.279
0.281
0.276
0.277
0.274

H f298
J/mol
-74,520
-83,820
52,510
-104,680
19,710
-125,790

i.Butene

C4H8

56.108

420

40.43

0.191

0.277

-540

70,340

Pentane

C5H12

72

469.8

33.7

0..252

0.27

-146,760

-8,650

Hexane

C6H14

86

507.6

30.25

0.301

0.266

-166,920

150

Carbon
Dioxide
Carbon
monoxide
Hydrogen
Sulfide
Sulfur
dioxide
Water (g)
Water (l)
Methanol(g)
Methanol (l)
Ammonia(g)
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen

CO2

44.01

304.2

73.83

0.224

0.274

-393,509

-394,359

CO

28.01

132.9

34.99

0.048

0.299

-110,525

-137,169

H2S

34.082

373.5

89.63

0.094

0.284

-20,630

-33,560

SO2

64.065

430.8

78.84

0.245

0.269

-296,830

-300,194

H2O

18.015

647.1

220.55

0.345

0.229

CH3OH

32.042

512.6

80.97

0.564

0.224

NH3
N2
O2
H2

17.031
28.014
31.999
2.016

405.7
126.2
154.6
33.19

112.8
34
50.43
13.13

0.253
0.038
0.022
-0.216

0.242
0.289
0.288
0.305

-241,818
-285,830
-200,660
-238,660
-46,110

-228,572
-237,129
-161,960
-166,270
-16,450

Component

Density of Natural gas

Molecular weight of a mixture y i MWi

i

Molecular Weight of air MWair 0.79 * 28 0.21* 32 28.84 29

29
1.295 kg / m 3
22.4
273 1
air .stp air . NTP
1.23 kg / m 3 1 kg / m 3
288 1
g
MW g
G
29
air

air . NTP

G f298
J/mol
-50,460
-31,855
68,460
-24,290
62.205
-16,570
o

Critical Properties of Natural gas Mixtures

T pc 170.491 307.344G
Ppc 709.604 58.718G

Compressibility factorgas mixtures

Pavg 344400(10)1.785G
1

T f3.825

Pavg Gas Pr essure, psig

T f Gas temperature o R
G Gas gravity(air 1.00 kg / m 3 )
Viscosity of Natural GAs

G 0.5
a

a 1.2 10 6 T 0.5
1

Pa.s

ya

Gas Constant: R=8.314 J/mol/K; 1 bar= 10 5Pa; 1 atm:1.0133 bar;

Properties of Liquids
Volume of Liquid is expressed in barrels (bbl)
1barrel 1 bbl 42 US Galons
1 US Galon 3.785 litres

APIgravity
Density of Water API gravity units at 60 o F is 10 API
141.5
131.5
S
141.5
S
131.5 API
API

water

ST S 60 a (T 60)

Viscosity in cST

ln( ) A - BT
For Heavy Crude Oils viscosity is based on Seybolt Seconds Universal (SSU)

195
for 32 SSU 100
SSU
135
cSt 0.220(SSU) for
SSU 100
SSU
A rule of thumb is that SSU values is approximat el 5 times cSt value
cSt 0.226(SSU) -

For heavy fuel oils, viscosity is based on Seybolt Seconds Furfural (SSF)
184
cSt 2.24(SSF) for 25 SSF 40
SSF
60
cSt 2.16(SSF) for
SSF 40
SSF

Vapor Pressure

P
7
T

log v 1 c 1
3
T

Pc
Reid Vapor Pressure at 100oF (560R)

p i yi P

Dalton' s Law

p i xi PVi

Raollt' s Law

yi PVi

xi
P

Ideal solutions

yi
Ki
xi

Real solutions

Ki is a f(P , T and species)

V-L Equilibrium for hydrocarbon species

temperature
Pressure
kPa
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
octane

293K
60 atm
6000000
2.1
0.55
0.2
0.068
0.026
0.01
0.0022

10 atm
1000000
15
2.5
0.8
0.25
0.082
0.032
0.0052

4 atm
400000
35
5.8
1.75
0.52
0.16
0.056
0.0075

1.6 atm
160000
65
15.5
4.5
1.4
0.36
0.12
0.013