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B01
Rev
10 Oct 2013
Date
Mike T Brown
Approved
10 Oct 2013
Date
Rev
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
B01
GIS 46-010
Specification for Pressure Vessels
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
BP p.l.c.
Page 2 of 2
Rev: B01
BP Internal
Table of Contents
Page
1
Scope .................................................................................................................................... 7
Normative references............................................................................................................. 7
Suppliers responsibilities..................................................................................................... 14
Design requirements............................................................................................................ 15
7.1
General..................................................................................................................... 15
7.2
Design loads and load combinations......................................................................... 16
7.3
Wind loading ............................................................................................................. 16
7.4
Seismic loading......................................................................................................... 17
7.5
Snow loading ............................................................................................................ 17
7.6
Motion induced loads ................................................................................................ 17
7.7
Cyclic loading............................................................................................................ 17
7.8
Local loading............................................................................................................. 18
7.9
Wind-induced vibration of vertical vessels................................................................. 18
7.10 Transportation loads ................................................................................................. 19
7.11 Lifting loads............................................................................................................... 19
7.12 Design calculations ................................................................................................... 20
7.13 Shock loading ........................................................................................................... 20
Vessel components.............................................................................................................. 21
9.1
Vessel shells and transitions..................................................................................... 21
9.2
Formed heads........................................................................................................... 21
9.3
Connections, nozzles, and manways ........................................................................ 22
9.4
Flanges..................................................................................................................... 25
9.5
Blind flanges and bolted flat heads ........................................................................... 27
9.6
Swing bolt closures ................................................................................................... 27
9.7
Quick-actuating closures........................................................................................... 27
Copyright 2013 BP International Ltd. All rights reserved.
This document and any data or information generated from its use are classified, as a
minimum, BP Internal. Distribution is intended for BP authorised recipients only. The
information contained in this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the
agreement or contract under which this document was supplied to the recipient's
organisation. None of the information contained in this document shall be disclosed
outside the recipient's own organisation, unless the terms of such agreement or contract
expressly allow, or unless disclosure is required by law.
Page 2 of 96
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9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
Supports ................................................................................................................... 27
Anchor bolts.............................................................................................................. 30
Internal attachments ................................................................................................. 31
External attachments ................................................................................................ 32
Removable internals ................................................................................................. 38
External jackets ........................................................................................................ 41
Nameplates............................................................................................................... 42
10
Spares ................................................................................................................................. 42
11
12
13
Inspection requirements....................................................................................................... 51
14
15
Pressure test........................................................................................................................ 52
15.1 General..................................................................................................................... 52
15.2 Hydrostatic test ......................................................................................................... 53
15.3 Pneumatic test .......................................................................................................... 54
16
17
18
Documentation..................................................................................................................... 59
18.1 Proposal documentation ........................................................................................... 59
18.2 During design and fabrication ................................................................................... 60
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18.3
Final documentation.................................................................................................. 61
19
Quality management............................................................................................................ 63
20
21
22
Supplier deliverables............................................................................................................ 64
General................................................................................................................................ 65
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
A.7
Cyclic service....................................................................................................................... 66
A.8
A.9
Hydrogen service................................................................................................................. 66
General................................................................................................................................ 71
B.2
Fabrication........................................................................................................................... 72
B.3
B.4
B.5
Fabrication........................................................................................................................... 74
C.2
Welding................................................................................................................................ 74
C.3
C.4
Annex D (Normative) Supplementary requirements for clad plate or weld-overlay construction .... 76
D.1
Design ................................................................................................................................. 76
D.2
D.3
Cladding re-instatement....................................................................................................... 78
D.4
D.5
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
D.6
D.7
E.2
List of Tables
Table 1 - Minimum transportation acceleration loadings................................................................ 19
Table 2 - Minimum thickness of nozzles........................................................................................ 23
Table 3 - Quality levels for straight beam examinations from flat surfaces .................................... 26
Table 4 - Skirt vents ...................................................................................................................... 29
Table 5 - Dimensions of light lifting lugs ........................................................................................ 35
Table 6 - Dimensions of heavy lifting lugs ..................................................................................... 36
Table 7 - Tailing lug dimensions.................................................................................................... 37
Table 8 - Mist eliminator dimensions ............................................................................................. 41
Table 9 - Flatness tolerances of gasket contact surface................................................................ 43
Table F.1 - Pipe size forces .......................................................................................................... 86
Table F.2 - De-rating factor ........................................................................................................... 86
Table F.3 - Allowable piping loads on nozzles............................................................................... 87
Table G.1 - Minimum platform clearances..................................................................................... 95
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Skirts on vertical vessels less than 50 mm (2 in) thick or in non-cyclic service .............. 28
Figure 2 - Skirts on vessels 50 mm (2 in) thick or in cyclic service ............................................. 28
Figure 3 - Opening for skirt access or for piping............................................................................ 29
Figure 4 - Opening for a skirt vent................................................................................................. 29
Figure 5 - Design of light lifting lug ................................................................................................ 35
Figure 6 - Design of heavy lifting lug ............................................................................................. 36
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Page 6 of 96
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Scope
a.
b.
This Specification provides requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection,
testing, documentation, and preparation for shipment of pressure vessels designed,
fabricated, and certified in conformance to one of the following standards:
1.
2.
3.
4.
This specification also provides recommended design requirements for standard vessel
details which may be used if desired by the vessel manufacturer or if specified to be used
on the engineering datasheet in the direct purchase of pressure vessels. The use of other
standard details, such as those provided by the engineering contractor or industry
organisations, is not precluded.
Normative references
The following documents are referenced in one or more requirements in this document. For dated
references, only the version cited applies. For undated references, the latest version of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
Company Documents
GIS 06-602
GIS 18-012
GIS 18-013
GIS 36-025
GIS 36-102
GIS 36-103
GIS 42-300
GIS 42-301
GIS 46-040
GP 36-26
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API RP 934-C
API RP 934-E
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10 October 2013
AWS A2.4
ISO 15156-2
ISO 15156-3
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NACE SP0472
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Page 11 of 96
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Reinforcing plate
Reinforcing element as used in ASME Code, compensation plate as used in BSI PD 5500, or
reinforcing plate as used in EN 13445.
Supplier
Entity entering into a Purchase Order with Company to provide materials, goods, supplies, equipment,
or plant and includes the successors and (or) permitted assigns of such entity.
Weldment
Weld, HAZ, and adjacent parent metal.
CMCL
CMTR
DHT
DN
FCAW
FEA
FN
GMAW
GTAW
HAZ
HIC
Hydrogen-induced cracking.
HRB
HBW
Hv10
IPWHT
ITP
LWN
MAP
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MAWP
MSDS
MDMT
MT
NDE
Non-destructive examination.
NPS
PCN
PMI
PQR
PT
PWHT
PWHTmin
Shortest time for which the vessel may be heat treated to meet code requirements.
PWHTmax
QA
Quality assurance.
Q+T
RT
Radiographic testing.
RTV
SAW
SMAW
SOHIC
SZC
TMCP
TOFD
UT
Ultrasonic testing.
WFMT
WPQ
WPS
Page 13 of 96
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Order of precedence
a.
The order of precedence of the codes and standards quoted in the specifications shall be:
1.
2.
3.
Project specifications.
4.
This Specification.
5.
6.
b.
c.
In the event of a conflict between this document and a relevant law or regulation, the
relevant law or regulation shall be followed. If the document creates a higher obligation, it
shall be followed as long as this also achieves full compliance with the law or regulation.
d.
Design, engineering, procurement, and construction for equipment shall comply with the
statutory laws and regulations of the final location of the asset. Refer to documents
identified in the Purchase Order for a list of these regulations.
e.
For projects where the final location of the asset is in the EU:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Components supplied shall be listed together with the EU directives with which they
comply and the rationale by which compliance has been achieved.
5.
Suppliers responsibilities
a.
The mechanical design, provision of materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, and quality
of workmanship of pressure vessels which shall be provided in conformance to this
Specification and the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b.
Vessels shall conform to the specified design code, including the application of code stamp
or certificate of conformity.
c.
Vessels designed in conformance to the ASME Code shall be registered with the National
Board.
d.
Design of a vessel or a vessel component furnished by Company shall not relieve the
Supplier of their responsibility to conform to the requirements of this Specification and
other Purchase Order documents.
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7
7.1
e.
Companys review and agreement of Supplier documentation shall not relieve the Supplier
of their responsibility to conform to the requirements of this Specification and other
Purchase Order documents.
f.
Company shall be allowed shop access for inspecting materials and activities during vessel
fabrication for conformance to this Specification. Work or materials not conforming shall
be cause for rejection.
g.
Data sheets, drawings, quality control records, and other items which assist in determining
the acceptability of a vessel for inspection shall be made available to Company.
h.
Release for shipment by Company inspector shall not relieve the Supplier of their
responsibility to conform to the requirements of this Specification and Purchase Order
documents.
i.
The Supplier shall be responsible for assuring that subcontracted fabrication work is in
conformance to this Specification and Purchase Order documents, however no portion of
vessel construction, such as plate forming, welding, heat treatment, non-destructive
examination, painting, shall be subcontracted without prior written agreement from
Company.
Design requirements
General
a.
Vessel design shall be in conformance to the applicable design code, this Specification,
and all Purchase Order documents.
b.
Computer calculations shall show input and output data, clearly state assumptions made,
and specify program name and version number.
c.
The maximum design temperature rating shall be increased to the highest temperature
permitted in conformance to the Code without affecting the minimum required thickness of
the shell or heads and without changing the pressure class of the flanges.
d.
A vessel may be designed and stamped for more than one condition of pressure and
coincident metal temperature.
e.
Unless otherwise specified on the data sheets, vessels shall be assumed to operate
completely filled with process fluid having a minimum specific gravity of 1,0.
f.
MAWP shall be calculated based on actual construction unless otherwise specified on data
sheets.
g.
For vessels constructed to ASME BPVC VIII-1, the coincident ratio used for calculating
the MDMT of the vessel shall not be less than 1,0.
h.
The supplementary requirements for special services shall conform to Annex A of this
Specification if specified on data sheet.
i.
Standard details provided by Supplier are not precluded, but details in this Specification
shall be used and fabricated as shown if specified on data sheets.
j.
Document numbers PIP VEFV1100 and PIP VEFV1100M contain standard drawings,
prefixed PIP VEFV in U.S. customary units and metric units respectively. This
Specification will reference metric standard drawing numbers only but it shall be
interpreted as also referring to the metric standard drawing (with suffix M) and equivalent
standard drawing in U.S. customary units (without suffix M).
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7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
a.
Dead load (L1) is the installed weight of the vessel, including internals, catalyst or
packing, refractory lining, platforms, insulation fireproofing, piping, and other permanent
attachments. This does not include the weight of process liquid or catalyst contents.
b.
Operating live load (L2) is the weight catalyst plus the weight of process liquid at the
design liquid level, including that on trays.
c.
Pressure load (L3) is the MAWP (internal or external at the coincident temperature)
considering the pressure variations through the vessel.
d.
Thermal load (L4) is the load caused by the restraint of thermal expansion and interaction
of vessel and its supports.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Piping and superimposed equipment loads (L8) are loads caused by piping (based on
Annex F loadings), and loads caused by superimposed equipment. See 9.3.6.
Load conditions
Vessels and their supports shall satisfy all of the following load conditions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.3
Both full and zero pressure loads (L3) shall be included for check of maximum
longitudinal tensile and compressive stress.
Both full and zero pressure loads (L3) shall be included for check of maximum
longitudinal tensile and compressive stress.
2.
The general primary membrane tensile stress under this load condition in the corroded
condition shall not be greater than either of the following:
a)
For hydrostatic testing, 90% of the specified minimum yield strength at 38C
(100F), in both circumferential and longitudinal directions.
b)
For pneumatic testing, 80% of the specified minimum yield strength at 38C
(100F), in both circumferential and longitudinal directions.
Lift condition
1.
2.
Erection load shall be total erection weight of vessel multiplied by an impact factor as
specified in data sheet.
Wind loading
a.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
1.
7.5
a)
b)
2.
3.
For sites in the UK, wind loading shall conform to EN 1991-1-4 + A1, used in
conjunction with BSI BS EN 1991-1-4 + A1 NA.
4.
Wind load for other locations shall conform to data sheets and comply with local
regulatory requirements.
b.
Allowable deflection at any location on a vertical vessel in the corroded condition shall not
exceed 150 mm per 30 m (6 in per 100 feet) of vessel height.
c.
Projected area of vessel accessories such as platforms, ladders, piping, and other
equipment attached to the vessel shall be included in the wind load calculation.
d.
e.
7.4
For US sites, wind load shall conform to ASCE 7 and governing local jurisdictional
requirements. The following shall be used in calculations:
1.
Column projected area shall be calculated using the projected diameter taken at the
outside edge of the spoilers multiplied by the height of the section under
consideration.
2.
Column projected area normal to wind and corresponding force coefficient, for the
column height shall be used in the design of vessel and supporting structure to
calculate the overturning load.
Wind induced moment and shear forces at the base of the vessel shall be specified on
Supplier drawings.
Seismic loading
a.
Unless otherwise specified on the data sheets, seismic loads shall be determined in
conformance to ASCE 7 and governing local jurisdictional regulations.
b.
Pressure vessel, supporting structures and foundation bolts shall be evaluated using the
allowable stress design method.
c.
d.
Seismic induced moment and shear forces at the base of the vessel shall be specified on
Supplier drawings.
Snow loading
Unless otherwise specified on the data sheets, the snow load shall be determined in
conformance to ASCE 7 and governing local jurisdictional regulations.
7.6
7.7
Cyclic loading
a.
The rules in ASME BPVC VIII-2, Paragraph 4.1.1.4, shall be used as a basis for
establishing further action if a data sheet specifies a vessel is in cyclic service.
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b.
7.8
Local loading
a.
b.
7.9
A fatigue analysis shall be performed for agitator mounting nozzles and their attachment to
the vessel.
Local stresses in vessel shell, heads and nozzles shall be evaluated using either
WRC Bulletin 297, 537 and 368 procedures, BSI PD 5500 annex G, or other local stress
analysis procedures agreed by Company based on:
1.
The allowable imposed loads and moments on nozzles specified in Annex F of this
Specification.
2.
The loads and moments imposed on attachments from piping and platforms.
For loads evaluated using WRC Bulletins 297, 537 and 368:
1.
The allowable stresses for local nozzle loads and pressure at design temperature shall
be 1,5S for local primary membrane stress and 3S for primary membrane plus
secondary bending stress at nozzles.
2.
The allowable stresses for attachment local loads at ambient temperature shall be 1,0S
and 1,5S respectively.
c.
d.
For local loads evaluated in conformance to BSI PD 5500 annex G, the allowable stresses
at ambient and design temperature shall conform to the code.
Vessels with a height to diameter ratio of either the entire vessel or the top third of the
vessel is greater than or equal of 15 shall be evaluated for dynamic behaviour from wind
excitation as described in Dynamic Response of Tall Flexible Structures to Wind Loading
or by other similar proven evaluation methodology.
b.
Critical wind velocities shall be determined for every change in vessel outer diameter.
c.
Vessel critical wind velocities (first and second modes) shall be less than 7 m/s (15 mph)
or greater than 27 m/s (60 mph).
d.
For a vessel with critical wind velocities between 7 m/s (15 mph) and 27 m/s (60 mph):
1.
2.
Wind spoilers shall be added to the vessel in conformance to one of the following
methods if it is established that a vessel may vibrate and the attachments of the vessel
cannot be changed to put the vessel in a range where vibration cannot occur. The
method used to deter wind-induced vibration shall be agreed by Company.
a)
b)
Helical spoilers
1)
2)
Exposed width of the spoilers beyond insulation shall be 0,09D and a pitch
of 0,5D, where D is the diameter of the top third of the vessel.
3)
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7.10
2)
Exposed width beyond insulation of the spoilers shall be 0,09D and the
height of one helical wrap between 0,5D and 0,11D.
3)
A minimum of eight spoilers shall be provided over the pitch distance (i.e.,
each complete helical wrap) and a minimum of 1,5 helical wraps over the
top-third of the vessel.
4)
Transportation loads
a.
Vessels subject to transportation loadings shall be analysed for the following conditions:
1.
2.
3.
b.
Calculated general primary membrane tensile stress shall not exceed that listed in 7.11e.
c.
Vessels shall be analysed for actual vertical, lateral, and longitudinal loadings.
d.
e.
Vessel shall be designed for the most severe vertical, lateral, and longitudinal loading
condition if erection loadings are greater than the transportation loadings.
Table 1 - Minimum transportation acceleration loadings
Transportation Mode
Downward
Vertical acceleration
Upward
Lateral
acceleration
Longitudinal
acceleration
1,7g
0,5g
0,3g
1,8g
1,3g
0,2g
0,2g
0,2g
Rail
2g
2g
2g
3g
Inland barge
1g
0,2g
0,75g
0,4g
2g
2g
0,75g
0,4g
Notes:
1. If multiple modes of transportation are used, the most severe condition shall be used for
evaluation.
2. 1,0g is a load equal to the shipping weight of the vessel.
7.11
Lifting loads
a.
Lift weight shall include the weight of all components, such as trays, ladders, platforms,
insulation, additional piping with insulation.
b.
An impact factor, as specified on the data sheet, shall be applied to the lift weight for the
design of lifting devices and vessel shell bending calculations.
c.
Local stresses in the vessel shell, head, skirt and base rings from lifting lugs and trunnions
loads shall be determined using WRC Bulletins 297 or 537,BSI PD 5500 annex G, or other
accepted local stress analysis procedures agreed with Company. Allowable stress values
shall be as specified in 7.8b or 7.8d.
d.
Shear stresses for fillet welds on the lifting attachments to vessel shell or head shall not be
greater than 0,55 times the Code-allowable stress at 38C (100F) for the material selected.
e.
Lifting stress calculations shall be performed for vertical vessels with height-to-diameter
ratios greater than 8 and lift weight exceeding 11 300 kgf (25 000 pounds) as follows:
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7.12
7.13
1.
Bending stresses in the vessel shell and skirt from the loadings imposed during the lift
from horizontal to vertical position.
2.
Calculated general primary membrane tensile stress shall not be greater than 80% of
the materials specified minimum yield strength at 38C (100F).
3.
Calculated compressive stress shall not be greater than 1,2 times the allowable
compressive stress.
Design calculations
a.
b.
Design calculation reports, including finite element analysis reports, shall be submitted for
review and agreement by Company.
c.
The following vessel components shall be subject to analysis and the results submitted for
review and agreement by Company:
1.
Thermal and stress analysis of vessel and skirt attachment region, if specified on data
sheets.
2.
3.
4.
Thermal analysis of nozzles, skirt, and appurtenances for thermal gradients induced
into shell, if specified on data sheets.
a)
Information from this analysis shall be used to determine the need for a fatigue
evaluation.
b)
Results of the thermal analysis exempting a vessel from fatigue evaluation shall
be included in the calculations.
d.
For pressure vessels designed to ASME BPVC VIII-1, if a rule for the design of a vessel or
vessel component subject to pressure does not exist in ASME BPVC VIII-1 then, in
conformance to ASME BPVC VIII-1 Paragraph U-2(g), the design shall be evaluated by
rules of ASME BPVC VIII-2.
e.
Shock loading
Vessels shall be checked for dynamic effects if the data sheet indicates the possibility of the
process applying a shock loading such as a slug flow which results in an increased force on the
vessel shell or internals.
8
8.1
Materials requirements
General
a.
b.
Materials shall conform to the following additional requirements in this Specification when
specified on data sheets:1.
2.
3.
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8.2
8.3
c.
d.
e.
f.
Charpy V-notch impact tests for carbon and low alloy steel plates shall conform to design
code unless specified otherwise in Purchase Order.
g.
Records of Charpy V-notch impact tests for steel plates shall record the percent shear
fracture and the lateral expansion for each specimen.
h.
i.
Certificates of compliance
a.
b.
Certificates of compliance shall include reports or test results required by the material
specification or Purchase Order.
b.
The specification of the material being represented, year of issue and material heat number
shall be included on the CMTR.
c.
All such documents shall identify the applicable material specification and shall be
identified to the material represented.
Vessel components
The following clauses contain design, fabrication, and examination requirements for components of
pressure vessels as specified on the data sheets.
9.1
b.
Transitions shall be made with knuckle and flare if any of the following conditions apply:
c.
1.
2.
3.
4.
All loadings per ASME BPVC VIII-1 Appendix 1-5 or 1-8, whichever is applicable,
are not available.
Minimum thickness of shells and transitions shall not be less than 6 mm (1/4 in).plus the
greater of corrosion allowance and the forming allowance.
9.2
Formed heads
9.2.1
General
a.
Heads shall be supplied as one of the following as specified on the data sheets:
1.
Hemispherical.
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9.2.2
9.2.3
2.
2:1 Semi-elliptical.
3.
4.
Toriconical.
b.
c.
Minimum thickness of heads shall not be less than 6 mm (1/4 in).plus the greater of
corrosion allowance and the forming allowance.
d.
Heads and head nozzles supporting agitators shall be reinforced to withstand the agitator
dynamic loadings in conformance to requirements of 9.3.6a and 9.3.6b.
e.
Head design shall be agreed with the agitator manufacturer and Company before the head
is ordered.
f.
Carbon steel and C-Mn steels, cold-formed heads shall be normalised or stress-relieved
prior to welding to the shell.
b.
c.
Joints in formed heads shall be ground flush with the plate surfaces before forming.
d.
Spin hole which remains after forming and final construction shall be repaired with a metal
plate butt-welded in place and given full volumetric examination.
e.
After forming, all joints in formed head shall receive 100% surface examination on both
sides.
Intermediate heads
a.
2.
3.
Have a continuous fillet weld from the end of the head plate to shell.
4.
9.3
9.3.1
General
a.
b.
9.3.2
Threaded coupling.
2.
3.
4.
Design
a.
b.
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9.3.3
c.
Nozzles with internal projections shall not include the internal projection in reinforcement
calculations.
d.
Nozzles in dished heads shall be positioned such that the nozzle, reinforcing pads, and
attachment welds are not within the knuckle region of the dished head.
Construction details
a.
b.
c.
Nozzles DN 300 (NPS 12) and larger shall be made from forgings, rolled plate, or
seamless pipe.
d.
Nozzles smaller than DN 300 (NPS 12) shall be constructed using forgings or seamless
pipe.
e.
LWN or heavier forgings if the forging length is 400 mm (16 in) or less.
2.
Welding stub welded to seamless pipe if the nozzle length is greater than 400 mm
(16 in).
f.
g.
Rolled plate used as nozzle necks shall have full volumetric examination prior to
attachment to other components. Acceptance criteria shall be in conformance to the design
code for full NDE.
h.
Minimum pipe schedule used for nozzles shall be as shown in Table 2 or applicable design
code, whichever is greater.
Table 2 - Minimum thickness of nozzles
Material
Size DN (NPS)
50 (2)
Schedule 160
Schedule XS
50 (2)
Schedule 80S
Schedule STD
Note:
1. Pipe wall thickness designations per ASME B36.10M.
9.3.4
i.
Nozzles not directly connected to internals shall be flush with the inside surface of the
vessel wall.
j.
Nozzle with an internal projection shall have a fillet weld at the inside corner.
k.
Inside edges of manways and nozzle neck shall be rounded to 3 mm (1/8 in) minimum
radius unless requirements in 16.2i.3 apply.
Reinforcing pads
a.
b.
c.
Reinforcing pads shall not be used if any of the following conditions apply:
1.
2.
Operating partial pressure of hydrogen exceeds 7 bar(a) (100 psia) and operating
temperature exceeds 230C (450F).
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9.3.5
4.
5.
6.
Cyclic service.
d.
Reinforcing pad thickness shall not exceed the parent wall thickness to which the nozzle is
attached.
e.
f.
Design of multi-segmental reinforcing pad elements shall conform to ASME BPVC VIII-1
Paragraph UG-37(h).
g.
Each pad segment shall have one American Standard Taper Pipe Thread (NPT) 1/4 inch
(6 mm) telltale hole for testing purposes. Each hole shall be left open during welding of
pad and PWHT and located near the lowest point of a pad with the vessel in its operating
position to permit drainage.
h.
i.
Reinforcing pads that are not circular shall have rounded corners of 75 mm (3 in)
minimum radius.
9.3.6
3.
Minimum projection from the outside of the vessel wall or external insulation to the nozzle
face shall be:
1.
2.
b.
The dimension from the face of the nozzle to the vessel centreline or reference line shall be
rounded up to the next greater 10 mm (1/2 in) increment.
c.
Projection of flanged nozzles with external piping attached shall permit removal of bolting
from either side without removal of insulation.
d.
Nozzles shall be extended to ensure flanges and bolting are outside vessel insulation.
e.
Clearance shall be provided for removing flange stud bolts from between the flange
and vessel and for accessing flange stud nuts.
2.
Clearance shall be provided for flange studs and nuts if nozzles penetrate insulation or
platforms.
Nozzle loading
a.
b.
If, following evaluation, the vessel shell or head is overstressed, Supplier shall not increase
reinforcement on nozzle but shall submit the calculations for review by Company
responsible engineer.
c.
Dynamic loading shall be evaluated for an infinite number of stress reversals using the
applicable stress concentration factor as follows:
1.
Page 24 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
2.
d.
Nozzles supporting pressure relief devices shall be evaluated to withstand the thrust
reaction by using piping loads derived from Table F.3 in Annex F. Nozzle reinforcement
as determined by nozzle reinforcement calculations shall be used in the evaluation and
shall conform to requirements of 9.3.6b.
e.
Gussets shall not be used to strengthen, stiffen, or reinforce nozzles, unless demonstrated
by calculations to be designed for the specified cyclic life and thermal condition, and the
dimensional requirements, such as tolerances, of the device as furnished by the device
manufacturer are considered.
9.4
Flanges
9.4.1
General
a.
Flanges welded on a nozzle shall be weld neck type unless otherwise specified on data
sheets.
b.
Dimensions and pressure-temperature ratings of standard flanges for nozzles and manways
DN 600 (NPS 24) and smaller shall conform to ASME B16.5.
c.
Dimensions and pressure-temperature ratings of standard flanges for nozzles and manways
larger than DN 600 (NPS 24) shall conform to ASME B16.47 to the series specified on
data sheets.
d.
Vessel shell flanges and head flanges with covers not conforming to sizes in ASME B16.5
or ASME B16.47 shall be weld neck type and designed in conformance to the design code.
e.
Studded pad holes and studs shall be machined in conformance to drawing number
PIP VEFV1129M.
2.
Indicator type studs for studded pads shall be in conformance to ASME PCC-1
Figures 1 and 2.
3.
Studded pads shall be checked to ensure the full thread depth holes conforms to
specified design code.
f.
Bolt holes in all fixed flanges and studded pads shall straddle the natural centrelines.
g.
For vessels supported on a skirt, the flanges of nozzles in bottom head shall be located
outside the skirt.
h.
Except for standard flanges conforming to ASME B16.5 and B16.47, all carbon, low-alloy,
and high-alloy steel forgings greater than 75 mm (3 in) thick shall be examined
ultrasonically in conformance to ASME SA-745/SA-745M and the following:
1.
Quality levels for straight beam examinations from flat surfaces shall conform to
Table 3.
2.
Quality level for straight beam examinations from curved surfaces shall be QL-5.
3.
Quality level for all angle beam examinations shall be QA-1. Notch depth shall
conform to QA-1 or 6 mm (0,25 in), whichever is less.
Page 25 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Table 3 - Quality levels for straight beam examinations from flat surfaces
9.4.2
9.4.3
Quality level
QL-2
QL-3
QL-4
Splice welds on gasket contact surfaces of a lap ring or flange shall not be used.
b.
Raised face.
2.
3.
c.
The height of a raised face shall be in conformance to ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47
unless otherwise specified on the data sheets.
d.
Except for flanges conforming to ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47, the gasket contact
surface flatness tolerance for flanges and shop-fabricated lap rings shall conform to the
following:
1.
0,150 mm (0,006 in) total indicator reading in both the radial and circumferential
directions.
2.
The total circumferential tolerance shall not occur in less than 20 degrees arc.
3.
Measurement shall be made using a dial indicator after all other operations, including
fabrication and heat treatment of flange or lap ring, and attachment to the shell or
nozzle neck, affecting flatness tolerance have been completed.
e.
Flange facings shall be machined in conformance to ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47.
f.
Flange facings shall be protected from damage during fabrication, heat treatment, and
shipping.
Flange bolting
a.
9.4.4
Flanged joints shall be designed to enable the use of hydraulic bolt tensioners on the
following:
1.
2.
Duties where the nominal bolt diameter is 40 mm (1,5 in) and over, and the flanges
are either on hydrogen service or are PN 110 (Class 600) or over.
3.
If specified on the data sheets for nominal bolt diameter 25 mm (1 in) and over.
b.
Bolts for bolt tensioning shall be extended by the length of one nut and provided with a cap
for protection during service.
c.
Nozzles adjacent to shell girth flanges or horizontal vessel saddles shall be located with
clearance such that bolt tightening equipment can be used on the girth flange bolts.
d.
Flange bolting, including coating requirements, shall be as specified on data sheets and
conform to GIS 42-300.
Gaskets
a.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.5
9.6
b.
c.
Except for blind flanges conforming to ASME B16.5 and B16.47, rolled plate for flat
covers and blind flanges greater than 75 mm (3 in) thick shall be examined in conformance
to ASME SA-578/SA-578M acceptance standard - Level B after cutting to final size.
b.
c.
Vessel manways and flanges fitted with blind flanges shall be supplied with bolting and
gaskets.
9.7
Quick-actuating closures
a.
Quick-actuating closures shall be designed per ASME BPVC VIII-1 Paragraph UG-35.2 or
ASME BPVC VIII-2 Paragraph 4.8 and Annex 4.B.
b.
9.8
Supports
9.8.1
Skirts
a.
b.
Unless otherwise specified on data sheets skirt supports shall conform to one of the
following standard drawings:
1.
2.
3.
4.
c.
A hot box shall be provided at the junction between the skirt and shell for vessels with a
design temperature of 345C (650F) and above.
d.
Material at the top of the skirt for vertical vessels constructed from materials other than
carbon steel shall be the same material specification and grade as the vessel plate to which
it is attached for a length at least equal to the greater of the following:
1.
2.
Page 27 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Figure 1 - Skirts on vertical vessels less than 50 mm (2 in) thick or in non-cyclic service
Forging Option
Shell
Head
Head / skirt
forging
e.
Skirts on vessels 2 m (6 ft) diameter or less shall have at least one access opening. Vessels
over 2 m (6 ft) diameter and skirt heights over 2,5 m (8 ft), two access openings shall be
provided in the skirt.
f.
Minimum skirt access opening shall be 600 mm (24 in) diameter or 450 mm x 900 mm
(18 in x 36 in) obround.
g.
Openings for skirt access and piping shall conform to Figure 3. Additional strengthening
may be provided by increasing the thickness of sleeve.
h.
i.
Skirt openings for piping shall have a 13 mm (1/2 in) maximum clearance between the
pipe outside diameter, including insulation, and skirt opening if inside of skirt is not
fireproofed.
j.
k.
Page 28 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
MINIMUM SLEEVE
THICKNESS OF t sk
BASE RING
9.8.2
Number of
mm
in
Skirt Vents
< 900
< 36
> 36 to 60
> 60 to 96
> 96 to 180
> 4 500
> 180
12
Leg supports shall not bear on the knuckle or crown of formed heads but conform to one of
the following standard drawings unless otherwise specified on data sheets:
1.
2.
b.
Leg-type supports shall not be used on vessels greater than 1 524 mm (5 ft) diameter or
6 100 mm (20 ft) tan. to tan.
c.
d.
Stress analysis of legs on spheres shall be submitted for review and agreement by
Company.
Page 29 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.8.3
Saddles
a.
Unless otherwise specified on data sheets welded saddles shall conform to one of the
following standard drawings:
1.
2.
3.
b.
Horizontal vessels shall be investigated for buckling and local stresses. The method of L.P.
Zick may be used for this investigation.
c.
d.
Slots shall be provided for the anchor bolts in one saddle to allow for thermal expansion.
e.
The saddle support that is fixed and the support that is sliding (slotted) shall be
indicated on the fabrication drawings.
f.
9.9
Anchor bolts
9.9.1
General
9.9.2
9.9.3
a.
Calculations determining quantity and size of anchor bolts shall be based on referenced
PIP standard details, and specified on fabrication drawings.
b.
c.
d.
Unless data sheets specify high-strength anchor bolts the following shall apply:
1.
Anchor bolts (such as carbon steel, ASTM F1554-36, etc.) shall have an allowable
stress of 138 MPa (20 000 psi) based on the tensile stress area of the threaded portion.
2.
e.
Design loadings for anchor bolts embedded in concrete shall be determined by either the
simplified method (i.e., neutral axis of bolt pattern at centreline of vessel) or the shifted
neutral axis method in conformance to Process Equipment Design.
f.
Unless otherwise specified on data sheets, the design concrete bearing stress shall be
11,4 MPa (1 658 psi) for vessels on concrete foundations.
High strength anchor bolts may be used only if specified on the data sheets.
b.
Unless otherwise specified on the data sheets, high-strength anchor bolts (such as
ASTM F1554-105) shall have an allowable stress of 207 MPa (50 000 psi).
b.
Anchor bolt configuration shall provide radial clearance for a bolt tensioning device.
c.
d.
All parts of the base ring support system (base ring, chairs, compression ring, gussets,
skirt, etc.) shall accommodate a pretension force on the anchor bolts equal to 75% of the
allowable anchor bolt stress.
Page 30 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.10
Internal attachments
9.10.1
General
a.
Internal attachments welded to shells and heads shall be located to permit full visual
inspection of attachment and attachment weld.
b.
c.
Internal attachments welded directly to the pressure vessel envelope shall be fabricated
from the same material as the vessel.
d.
e.
Size of welds shall include the corrosion allowance specified for vessel.
f.
Weld spatter on downcomer bolting bars shall be removed to ensure a flush seal with
downcomer.
g.
If the downcomer does not form a continuous seal with the bolting bars, the downcomer
shall be reassembled with gasket supplied by tray Manufacturer.
h.
i.
Minimum thickness of welded internal attachments shall be 5 mm (3/16 in) plus corrosion
allowance for each wetted side.
j.
Minimum fillet weld size shall be 5 mm (3/16 in) in the corroded condition.
k.
l.
Internal attachments shall be designed and installed to satisfy one of the following
requirements:
m.
9.10.2
9.10.3
1.
The distance between the weld-toe of the attachment is not within 50 mm (2 in) of a
pressure boundary weld toe.
2.
The portion of the pressure boundary weld that is covered by the attachment shall be
ground flush and given 100% volumetric examination before internal attachment is
made.
3.
The attachment shall be coped or notched to clear all weld area and each weld-toe by
at least 25 mm (1 in).
The stresses in the attachment and attachment weld shall be checked to ensure they are
within allowable limits of the code of construction.
Manways in vessels shall be supplemented with rungs attached to the inside of the vessel
shell if other internal fixtures do not afford safe footing and handholds for persons entering
or leaving the vessel.
b.
Internal ladder rungs for vertical and horizontal vessels shall conform to drawing number
PIP VEFV1125M unless otherwise specified on data sheets.
c.
Ladder rungs may be extended upwards from the grab rung on vertical vessels if specified
on data sheets.
Vortex Breakers
Vortex breakers shall conform to drawing number PIP VEFV1124M unless otherwise specified
on data sheets.
Page 31 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.11
External attachments
9.11.1
General
9.11.2
a.
External attachments welded to shells and heads shall be located to permit full visual
inspection of attachment and attachment weld.
b.
Ladders, platforms and clips shall conform to Annex G unless otherwise specified on data
sheets.
c.
Pipe segments shall not be directly attached to a pressure boundary and used as supports
for ladders, platforms, piping, etc.
d.
e.
All components welded directly to the pressure vessel envelope shall be fabricated from
the same material as the vessel.
f.
External attachments shall be designed and constructed to prevent the channelling and hold
up of rainwater.
g.
h.
i.
j.
External attachments shall be designed and installed to satisfy one of the following
requirements:
1.
The distance between the weld-toe of the attachment is not within 50 mm (2 in) of a
pressure boundary weld toe.
2.
The portion of the pressure boundary weld that is covered by the attachment shall be
ground flush and given 100% volumetric examination for the length of the overlap
plus at least 50 mm (2 in) on each side before the attachment is made.
3.
The attachment shall be coped or notched to clear all weld area and each weld-toe by
at least 25 mm (1 in).
k.
Stresses in the attachment and attachment weld shall be checked to ensure they are within
the allowable limits of the code of construction.
l.
Insulation supports
a.
Insulation supports shall comprise flat rings, rods, or lengths of angle attached to vertical
vessels in conformance to drawing number PIP VEFV1123M.pages 1, 2 and 5, unless
otherwise specified on data sheets.
b.
Vertical vessel shell insulation shall be supported by one of the following methods:
1.
Support rings which shall conform to the following details and locations shown in
drawing number PIP VEFV1123M:
a)
b)
Support rings for vessels with skirts located below the bottom tangent line in
conformance to details E, G or H.
c)
Ring spacing shall be between 3 000 mm (10 ft) and a maximum of 3 700 mm
(12 ft) with the exception of upper support ring which shall be a maximum of
2 400 mm (8 ft) from top tangent line.
Page 32 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.11.3
9.11.4
9.11.5
c.
Top heads of vessels insulation shall be supported by a floating ring and type 1 support
ring fitted to the vessel in conformance to details A and J of drawing number
PIP VEFV1123M.
d.
Insulation for bottom heads of vertical vessels shall be supported by one of the following
methods:
1.
A floating ring and anchor ring fitted to vessels with skirts in conformance to details
E, G or H of drawing number PIP VEFV1123M.
2.
A floating ring and type 1 support ring fitted to vessels without skirts in conformance
to detail J of drawing number PIP VEFV1123M.
e.
Rings welded to vertical shell or skirt shall be discontinuous or perforated to prevent the
accumulation of moisture.
f.
Insulation for heads on horizontal vessels shall be supported by a floating ring and anchor
ring fitted to the vessel in conformance to details on page 2 of drawing number
PIP VEFV1122M.
g.
Horizontal vessels with shells 2 450 mm (96 in) diameter or larger shall have longitudinal
supports fitted in conformance to drawing number PIP VEFV1122M.
Fireproofing supports
a.
Fireproofing supports shall be provided and installed on skirts and saddles if concrete
fireproofing is specified on the data sheets.
b.
Fireproofing supports for concrete fireproofing shall conform to details in drawing number
PIP VEFV1123M.
Nameplate brackets
a.
Unless otherwise specified on data sheets vessel nameplate brackets shall conform to
drawing number PIP VEFV1101M.
b.
Nameplate brackets shall be located near a manway and shall not be obstructed if the
manway is open.
c.
2.
3.
Manways shall be provided with davits or hinges which conform to the following standard
drawings unless otherwise specified on data sheets:
1.
2.
3.
b.
Davit and hinge dimensions for manway sizes and (or) flange ratings not listed shall be
determined and design included in calculations for review and agreement by Company.
c.
Page 33 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.11.6
d.
Manways orientated at an angle other than 0 degrees or 90 degrees from the horizontal
plane shall be designed with a hinge which opens in the horizontal plane.
e.
Stops shall be provided to prevent damage to vessel shell or insulation from the
over-rotation of the manway hinge or davit.
f.
Vacuum stiffening rings shall be designed as a flat bar type and made from plate matching
the vessel plate material specification and grade.
b.
Vacuum stiffening rings shall be continuous fillet welded on the top and bottom of the
ring.
c.
Vessels subject to thermal cycling, such as coke drums, shall not use vacuum stiffening
rings.
9.11.7
Lifting attachments
9.11.7.1
Vertical vessels
a.
Two lifting lugs or trunnions shall be provided on vertical vessels to facilitate handling
during transport and erection at site.
b.
Typical designs of lifting lug are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 with dimensions in Table
5 and Table 6. These designs assume that a spreader beam is used keeping loads normal to
the plane of the lugs to a minimum.
c.
Calculations for the design of lifting lugs, trunnions, and other lifting devices shall be
submitted for review and agreement. Calculations shall include the following:
1.
2.
Bearing stress area shall be 0,75 x pin diameter x (lug + bearing plate thicknesses).
d.
Lifting trunnions shall be fitted if calculations show that vessel is overstressed during lift
with lifting lugs located at top of vessel.
e.
f.
Attachment of lifting lugs shall be such that water cannot be trapped between the vessel
and lifting lug.
g.
Portion of lifting lug above tangent line shall be flat. Portion below tangent line shall fit to
curvature of vessel.
h.
i.
Length of the lifting lug shall be such that the vessel may be fully insulated prior to the lift.
j.
Lifting lug may be attached to a lifting flange on thick-walled vessels with a formed head
and a top, centre nozzle if specified on the data sheets.
k.
1.
Calculations of the stresses in the nozzle neck and head shall be submitted for review
and agreement. See 7.8b
2.
3.
Lifting lug shall be inserted through the lifting flange and fillet welded on both sides
of the lifting flange.
Stress analysis shall identify the angle which results in the maximum stress at each lifting
point during the lift from horizontal to vertical.
Page 34 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
B/
TANGENT LINE
2A
RADIUS ALL
CORNERS
J
WELD SEAM
FIELD NOTE:
FOR INSULATED
VESSELS,
CUT OFF LUG AS
SHOWN
AFTER ERECTION.
{APPROX. 25mm (1 in)
PROJECTION}
Thickness
of Plate
mm (in)
A
13 (1/2)
Width
mm (in)
Length
mm (in)
Dia. of
Holes
mm (in)
150 (6)
400 (16)
16 (5/8)
190 (7 1/2)
450 (18)
20 (3/4)
215 (8 1/2)
500 (20)
25 (1)
230 (9)
500 (20)
See
9.11.7.1.c.1
Page 35 of 96
Height
of side
weld
mm (in)
Weld
leg
size
mm (in)
T.L to
top of
lug
mm (in)
T.L to
bottom
of lug
mm (in)
75 (3)
9 (3/8)
250 (10)
150 (6)
130 (5)
9 (3/8)
250 (10)
200 (8)
130 (5)
12 (1/2)
300 (12)
200 (8)
130 (5)
16 (5/8)
300 (12)
200 (8)
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
2
B/
2
E/
TANGENT LINE
A
RADIUS ALL
CORNERS
WELD SEAM
mm
(in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
mm (in)
22 750
(50 000)
25 (1)
225 (9)
460+K
(18+K)
75 (3)
125 (5)
16 (5/8)
225 (9)
225 (9)
45 000
(100 000)
40 (1 1/2)
300
(12)
585+K
(23+K)
100 (4)
125 (5)
22 (7/8)
300 (12)
275 (11)
90 000
(200 000)
50 (2)
400
(16)
760+K
(30+K)
150 (6)
200 (8)
32
(1 1/4)
400 (16)
350 (14)
136 000
(300 000)
65 (2 1/2)
500
(20)
915+K
(36+K)
175 (7)
250 (10)
38
(1 1/2)
500 (20)
400 (16)
181 500
(400 000)
75 (3)
600
(24)
1095+K
(43+K)
200 (8)
300 (12)
44
(1 3/4)
600 (24)
475 (19)
Max
vessel
erect wt.
kg (lbs)
9.11.7.2
Width
mm (in)
See 9.11.7.1.c.1
Length
Dia. of
holes
Thickness
of plate
By
Supplier
Tailing lugs
a.
b.
Calculations for the design of tailing lugs, including quantities shall be submitted for
review and agreement. Requirements specified in 9.11.7.1c.1 and 9.11.7.1c.2 shall be
incorporated.
Page 36 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
c.
Tailing lug load shall be determined assuming vessel is lifted from horizontal unless
otherwise agreed.
d.
e.
C
B/2
TOP PLATE
SKIRT
A
BUTT
WELD
BASE PLATE
SECTION A-A
L
25mm (1 in) PLATE
x 305mm (12 in)
BOTH SIDES
PLAN
Thickness
of plate
mm (in)
A
30 (1 1/8)
50 (1 7/8)
60 (2 3/8)
Length
mm (in)
Dia. of
holes
mm (in)
150 (6)
300 (12)
10 (3/8)
200 (8)
400 (16)
16 (5/8)
230 (9)
430 (17)
Width
mm (in)
See
9.11.7.1.c.1
Weld
leg size
mm (in)
Lug
spacing
mm (in)
16 (5/8)
65 (2 1/2)
300 (12)
500 (20)
70 (2 3/4)
16 (5/8)
75 (3)
355 (14)
560 (22)
16 (5/8)
9.11.7.3
16 (5/8)
By
Supplier
see
9.11.7.2.b
Horizontal vessels
a.
Horizontal vessels shall be provided with lifting lugs welded to the shell if specified on the
data sheets.
b.
Calculations for the design of lifting lugs shall be submitted for review and agreement.
Requirements specified in 9.11.7.1c.1 and 9.11.7.1c.2 shall be incorporated.
Page 37 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
9.11.8
9.12
9.12.1
Vessel shall be supplied with two 40 mm (1 1/2 in) diameter x 50 mm (2 in) minimum
length earthing (grounding) bosses each complete with M12 x 30 mm (1/2 in x 1 1/8 in)
brass bolt, flat washer, and phosphor bronze lock washer. Length of earthing (grounding)
bosses may be increased to enable them to protrude fireproofing on supports.
b.
Earthing (grounding) boss material shall be of same quality of supports and attached to the
supports with 6 mm (1/4 in) continuous fillet weld.
Removable internals
a.
All portions of the vessel, including removable internals, shall be completely self-draining.
b.
c.
d.
Weight of individual parts of components that are normally disassembled such as tray
decks, downcomers, distributor piping, baffles, minor beams, etc. shall not exceed 25 kg
(55 lbs) including attached vapour-liquid contacting devices.
e.
Flanges for internal non-pressure piping may be slip-on or fabricated from plate to the
dimensions of ASME B16.5 Class 150 unless otherwise specified on data sheets.
f.
g.
All fasteners shall be positively locked by nut and full size locknut or cotter pin. All
fasteners shall be threaded full length.
Mist eliminators
a.
Mist eliminators shall be of the sandwich type consisting of entrainment mesh, retained
between welded grid supports as shown in Figure 10.to Figure 12 and Table 8. Mesh,
grids, bolting, detailed in Figures are in mist eliminator supplier scope but are shown for
clarity.
b.
The screen assembly shall be attached to the support beams at a minimum of four (4)
points per panel with M12 (1/2 in) minimum diameter J-bolts with locknuts.
c.
A pressure drop of 3,5 kPa (0,5 psi) shall be used for vessel support and mist eliminator
grid design unless otherwise specified.
Figure 8 - Mist eliminator used for the full diameter of a vessel
DETAIL A
Page 38 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
DETAIL A
OR DETAIL E
CYLINDER ENCLOSED
Figure 10 - Mist eliminator for a reduced diameter
DETAIL F
DETAIL A
OR DETAIL E
Page 39 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
GRID
MESH
BLANKET
GRID
A
19mm (3/4 in)
T
W
W
DETAIL A
C/L
DETAIL B
GRID
MESH
BLANKET
GRID
DETAIL C
TRIM FLANGE
TOP & BOTTOM
AS REQUIRED
DETAIL D
Page 40 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
SECTIONAL DEMISTER.USE
25mm x 6mm (1 in x 1/4 in)
WITH TWO (2) CLIPS PER RING SECTION.
CLIPS TO BE WELDED TO RING.
RING TO BE PROVIDED WITH
16mm (5/8)) HOLES ON
140mm (5 1/2 in) APPROX. CENTRES.
CLIP ANGLE:
38mm x 38mm x 6mm x 38mm LONG.
(1 1/2 in x 1 1/2 in x 1/4 in x 1 1/2 in LONG)
C/L
W
W
DETAIL F
Ring
Beams
No.
Required
Carbon
Steel
Flange
Web
Up to 450 mm
(18 in)
_______
_______
_______
451 mm to 1800 mm
(>18 in to 72 in)
_______
_______
_______
1801 mm to 3600 mm
(>72 in to 144 in)
IPE 200
(WF 6 X 12)
100 mm x 6 mm
(4 in x 1/4 in)
150 mm x 6 mm
(6 in x 1/4 in)
3601 mm to 5400 mm
(>144 in to 216 in)
IPE 200
(WF 6 X 12)
100 mm x 10
mm
(4 in x 3/8 in)
150 mm x 10
mm
(6 in x 3/8 in)
Stainless Steel
Notes:
1. T = 3 mm (I/8 in) plus twice corrosion allowance with 6 mm (1/4 in) minimum thickness.
2. W = T/2 plus corrosion allowance with 5 mm (3/16 in) minimum fillet weld.
9.13
External jackets
Design of half-pipe or pipe section jackets shall conform to one of the following:
a.
b.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
c.
9.14
Half-pipe and pipe section jacket attachment welds to shells and (or) heads shall be full
penetration, full strength welds and 100% PT examined.
Nameplates
a.
Unless otherwise specified on data sheets, nameplates shall be type 316L stainless steel
with the data stamped or engraved with minimum height 4 mm (3/16 in) lettering.
b.
2.
Item number.
3.
Date of manufacture.
4.
5.
Supplier name.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11
11.1
Spares
a.
b.
Two sets of spare service gaskets shall be furnished for vessel girth, manway, and
blinded flanges.
2.
An additional 10% (minimum quantity 2) for each size of bolting, and nuts shall be
provided.
Fabrication requirements
General
a.
Machining shall be performed after welding or heat treatment if such operations change
machined surface characteristics or geometry such as flange face flatness.
b.
Stainless steel, high nickel alloy, titanium, or zirconium surfaces shall be mechanically
cleaned with stainless steel brushes, stainless steel grit, glass beads, or other high quality
abrasive provided their use does not contaminate the material surfaces.
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GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
c.
Welders and welding operators symbols and reference lines may be stamped on the
material, in conformance to the design code, provided that a round-nose stamp is employed
and the symbol is located a minimum of 25 mm (1 in) from the edge of the weld.
d.
2.
Lubricants.
3.
Crayons.
4.
Adhesives.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Carbon.
All tools used for machining shall be dedicated for use on specific CRA material. Carbon
steel tools or other steel tools dedicated to different materials shall not be used.
Tolerances
a.
b.
Tolerances shall be specified on the fabrication drawings in either the main dimensions or
as an additional tolerance drawing.
c.
Allowable flatness tolerances of gasket contact surfaces of flanged shell girth joints, after
PWHT if required, shall be as shown in Table 9 for the designated service condition.
Table 9 - Flatness tolerances of gasket contact surface
Vessel diameter mm (in)
< 380 (15)
> 380 (15) to 760 (30)
> 760 (30) to 1 140 (45)
> 1 140 (45)
0,8 (0,03)
0,8 (0,03)
0,8 (0,03)
0,8 (0,03)
0,08 (0,003)
0,150 (0,006)
0,225 (0,009)
0,300 (0,012)
Notes:
1. Total tolerance on peripheral gasket contact surface shall not occur on less than a
0,35 radian (20 degree) arc.
2. Design temperatures greater than 454C (850F), or a flange rating greater than
ISO PN 110 (ASME Class 600).
11.3
Joints
11.3.1
General
a.
Location of all longitudinal and circumferential joints shall be shown on the fabrication
drawings.
b.
If two sections of unequal thickness are butt welded together, the inside (process face)
shall be flush.
c.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
11.3.3
If thermal cutting is performed, the joint surfaces shall be ground to sound metal prior
to welding.
2.
Preheat requirements for thermal cutting shall be the same as specified in the WPS.
d.
e.
The following shall apply if a nozzle opening, nozzle attachment weld, reinforcing plate,
or reinforcement plate weld is located on a longitudinal or circumferential weld.
f.
11.3.2
1.
1.
2.
Alignment of the butted plates under the reinforcement plate shall be flush.
3.
4.
Welds subject to severe forming, where ratio of thickness to local radius is greater than
5%, shall have full volumetric examination before forming and full surface examination
after forming.
Longitudinal joints
a.
Longitudinal seams shall not fall within the tray-downcomer area of trays or behind other
large obstruction that prevents inspection of the welds.
b.
Longitudinal joints shall be offset between courses by at least five times the plate
thickness, or 150 mm (6 in), whichever is greater.
c.
Longitudinal joints shall be located to maximise access for internal visual inspection,
consistent with the presence of the internals.
d.
2.
3.
Circumferential joints
a.
Circumferential joints shall be located at least 50 mm (2 in) above or below the tray ring
attachment welds.
b.
Circumferential joints shall be located at least 50 mm (2 in) away from horizontal vessel
saddle or saddle wear plate attachment welds.
11.4
Welding
11.4.1
General
a.
b.
For butt joints inaccessible from the inside, a method for obtaining a full penetration and
full fusion weld from one side shall be submitted for Company review and agreement.
c.
Page 44 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
d.
All welds, including internals, non-pressure parts and attachments, temporary attachments
and shipping attachments, shall be made by welders, welding operators, and welding
procedures qualified under the provisions of the pressure vessel code and agreed by
Company.
e.
The following documents shall be provided to Company for review and agreement before
the start of fabrication:
Welding procedure specification.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Welding procedures.
6.
Fabrication drawings.
f.
The detailed weld map shall include, as a minimum, a sketch of all weld joints, welding
symbols used in conformance to AWS A2.4, and associated weld procedure numbers.
g.
h.
Defects found from arc strikes shall be removed and the surface shall be repaired and
re-examined.
i.
j.
Removable start-up and run-off tabs may be used for longitudinal welds. The tab materials
shall be of the same material specification and grade as the base metal.
k.
Unless specifically agreed by Company, use of weld materials with strengths higher than
that of low-hydrogen weld materials for any welding processes shall not be permitted.
l.
m.
11.4.2
1.
1.
2.
Not contain addition of alloys via the flux, other than that required to make up for
losses (e.g., in the arc).
3.
4.
Have material properties such as, tensile strength or yield strength, equal to or greater
than the minimum requirements for the base metal at ambient and design temperature.
A local DHT shall be performed for butt-welds and corner joint welds (i.e., ASME weld
category A, B, and C) that are 50 mm (2 in) and greater in thickness (See Annex E).
Welding processes
a.
2.
Welding process agreed by Company for a different Purchase Order, but not
submitted or agreed for the subject Purchase Order and item.
b.
Manual shielded metal arc with covered electrode (SMAW) of carbon and low alloy steels
shall be made using low hydrogen electrodes.
c.
d.
The type of metal transfer (short-circuiting arc, globular or spray transfer) shall be
specified on the WPS under electrical characteristics.
Page 45 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
11.4.4
The process is applicable to carbon steel and weld overlay if a satisfactory level of
dilution is demonstrated.
3.
GMAW using a short-circuiting arc shall only be used for depositing metal that is
subsequently removed.
4.
e.
f.
g.
11.4.3
2.
1.
The type of metal transfer shall be specified on the WPS. Globular or spray is
permitted but using a short-circuiting arc is prohibited.
2.
Rutile wire may be used for welding carbon and low alloy steels and stainless steel.
FCAW shall not be used for other alloys.
3.
Basic cored wires may only be used for the deposition of fill passes in butt welds in
the 1G and 1GR position.
4.
For welds subject to PWHT and requiring impact testing, the FCAW brand name for
rutile wires shall be an essential variable.
5.
Fillet welding procedures in 1F and 2F positions shall be separately qualified for leg
length greater than 6 mm (1/4 in).
Changes to the agreed WPS or PQR shall also be submitted for review and agreement by
Company.
b.
c.
Repair procedures shall be submitted for review and agreement if the repairs could be
detrimental to the material (either in terms of mechanical performance of corrosion
performance in service) or delivery of the vessel.
d.
Unless otherwise agreed, the position of the impact test specimens for tests of weld metal
and HAZ shall be:
1.
2.
Fusion line.
3.
4.
Welds joining austenitic stainless steels to ferritic steels shall be made with filler metal as
follows:
1.
2.
For services not exceeding 340C (650F), one of the following shall be used:
a)
b)
c)
For services exceeding 340C (650F), one of the following shall be used:
a)
b)
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
11.5
12
12.1
c)
d)
b.
c.
The first layer of weld overlay deposits shall be made using the preheat required for the
base plate.
d.
Subsequent weld layers may use the preheat required for the alloy deposits.
e.
Proposals for dissimilar welds that require a PWHT shall be submitted to Company for
review and approval
Attachment point of spiders, braces, or other temporary attachments shall be of the same
material alloy as the point on the vessel to which it is attached.
b.
c.
Temporary clips, brackets and other fabrication aids shall be removed flush with vessel
without damage to base metals.
1.
Gouges from cutting tools shall be welded with an agreed procedure and ground flush
to a finish in conformance to the pressure vessel welding code.
2.
3.
Temporary attachment removal and repairs shall be performed prior to PWHT and
hydrotest.
4.
Examination requirements
General
a.
b.
c.
For specific welded pressure joint examination requirements, see the data sheets.
d.
The minimum degree of examination of welded butt joints shall be spot radiography.
e.
Accessible surfaces of completed corner joint welds shall be examined by MT, PT, UT, or
other non-destructive methods in conformance to Companys Purchase Order documents.
f.
g.
1.
After back-chipping to sound metal, the root pass and its opposite side shall be
examined.
2.
After any required machining or grinding, the finished surfaces of the weld shall be
examined, and all indications on the finished weld surfaces shall be repaired by
grinding or welding before pressure testing.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
h.
2.
3.
The surface of sound metal after back-chipping or gouging root pass to metal
surface.
b)
The following surfaces of non-butt type joints, including surfaces in nozzles and
manways, if the vessel section or head is designed using a joint efficiency of 1.00:
a)
The surface of sound metal after back-chipping or gouging root pass to metal
surface.
b)
The cut edge of openings in vessel walls greater than 13 mm (1/2 in) thick into which
nozzles and manways are attached with a full penetration weld through the nozzle or
manway wall.
a)
4.
i.
12.2
12.3
Internal and external welds if the thickness of the pressure part is greater than
50 mm (2 in).
b)
c)
d)
Fracture mechanics assessment of weld flaws shall not be used to justify weld defects not
permitted by the design code.
Preparation
a.
The NDE schedule and NDE procedures shall be submitted to Company for review and
agreement.
b.
Personnel concerned with inspection, interpretation, and NDE shall be qualified to at least
PCN Level 2 or ASNT Level 2 if the qualification has been obtained through examination
by an independent organisation. Evidence of the qualification shall be available to
Company for verification.
c.
Company reserves the right to test and monitor the performance of any NDE operator and
to exclude any that are deemed unsatisfactory.
d.
Calibration certificates for NDE equipment shall be available for inspection at all times.
e.
Before fabrication, materials shall be visually inspected for defects on accessible surfaces.
f.
Heads and shell sections that are annealed or normalised shall be free of mill scale prior to
inspection.
g.
Materials for marking, painting, or inspection on stainless or nickel based alloys shall not
contain chlorine, bromine, or other halogens, sulphur, zinc, or low melting point metals.
Examination of materials
a.
Plates of thickness 50 mm (2 in) and above shall be subject to UT check for laminations.
b.
Forgings of thickness 50 mm (2 in) and above shall be subject to a 100% UT check for
subsurface defects.
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10 October 2013
12.4
Extent of surface examinations, location selection, acceptance criteria, repair method, and
re-examination required in this Specification shall be performed in conformance to the
specified design code.
b.
c.
d.
e.
On ferritic vessels subject to PWHT, the shell to nozzle welds on nozzles greater than
DN 200 (NPS 8) shall be subject to MT after PWHT.
f.
Magnetic particle inspection techniques liable to damage the vessel by arcing shall not be
permitted.
g.
2.
Internal welded surfaces and HAZs, including pressure boundary welds, internal
attachment welds, and the location of temporary welds may be inspected by WFMT
after PWHT and hydrostatic test if specified on the data sheets. Indications revealed
by WFMT shall be removed.
3.
Areas requiring repairs shall be given PWHT after welding, equipment shall be
hydrostatically re-tested and repaired area shall be re-inspected by WFMT.
4.
5.
12.5
a)
Blasting to SSPC SP 5/NACE No. 1 (white metal) with fresh aluminium oxide
or coal slag grit.
b)
If agreed, power wire brushing or grinding to a clean metal surface for limited
areas not accessible for sand-blasting.
Welds identified for WFMT shall be inspected by WFMT prior to making final
closure seam.
b)
b.
Volumetric examination of welds shall use the following recordable NDT methods.
c.
1.
X-ray source.
2.
3.
Digital RT.
4.
5.
Gamma ray shall be subject to the following restrictions. Isotopes not listed below shall not
be used.
Page 49 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
12.7
Iridium-192 shall only be used for thicknesses of 5 mm (3/16 in) up to and including
38 mm (1,5 in).
2.
Cobalt-60 shall only be used for thicknesses greater than 38 mm (1 1/2 in) up to and
including 50 mm (2 in).
3.
Selenium-75 shall only be used for thickness of 5 mm (3/16 in) up to and including
30 mm (1,125 in). The source design shall be thermally stable and non-activating.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A radiation survey meter in good working condition and calibrated for the types and
energies of gamma radiation being used shall be available at the work location.
d.
e.
If PWHT is performed, all volumetric examinations for record shall be done after any
PWHT.
f.
g.
12.6
1.
1.
2.
3.
2.
Forgings shall be MT tested to EN 10228-1 and the required quality class shall be
class 3 unless otherwise specified by Company.
3.
Forgings and pipe shall be UT tested per EN 10228-3. The required quality class shall
be class 3 unless otherwise specified by Company.
Hardness testing
a.
b.
The hardness of weld metal and the heat affected zones for carbon-steel, C-Mn and low
alloy steels as measured on the vessel shall not exceed 200 HBW, unless otherwise
specified on data sheets.
c.
The maximum requirements for other materials (other than carbon-steel, C-Mn and low
alloy steel) shall conform to Table 2-8 of ASME section II part A.
d.
The upstream hardness requirements shall conform to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 and 3.
e.
Repairs of weld defects shall be considered major if one of the following exists:
Page 50 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
12.8
12.9
1.
2.
The defect size exceeds one-half the wall thickness of the component.
3.
b.
c.
b.
PMI shall be performed to the extent specified on the data sheets and other documents in
Purchase Order.
c.
13
14
Inspection requirements
a.
b.
Companys inspector shall be notified and given the option of inspecting major
components or services at their point of manufacture.
c.
d.
Certified drawings shall be available for use by Companys inspector at the point of
manufacture.
e.
f.
The performance of quality surveillance by Companys inspector shall not relieve the
Supplier or manufacturer of responsibility for conforming to the requirements of the
Purchase Order documents.
b.
Unless otherwise specified on the data sheets, PWHT of test specimens shall include one
extra PWHT cycle for potential future field repair.
c.
PWHT shall be performed after all welding, weld repairs, and non-destructive examination
is completed before and after pressure testing.
d.
Furnaces used for PWHT shall be constructed to prevent flame impingement on the vessel.
e.
A PWHT procedure shall be submitted to Company for approval and shall include as a
minimum:
1.
Furnace description.
Page 51 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
15
15.1
2.
Loading pattern.
3.
4.
Thermocouple locations.
5.
6.
f.
All PWHT shall be recorded and documented by temperature and time charts.
g.
Except as specified in Annex C clause C.1b, pressure parts made of austenitic stainless
steel, if hot formed, shall be solution annealed between 1 010C (1 850F) and 1 120C
(2 050F) followed by rapid cooling through the sensitization range.
h.
Vessels shall not come into contact with galvanised components during PWHT.
i.
On ferritic vessels subject to PWHT, the shell to nozzle welds on nozzles greater than
DN 200 (NPS 8) shall be subject to MT after PWHT.
j.
Local PWHT procedures shall be submitted to Company for review and approval.
k.
Vessels shall be PWHT in one section unless prior agreement has been reached with
Company.
Pressure test
General
a.
Unless otherwise specified on data sheets, the test pressure shall be based on the MAP
(new and cold).
b.
Prior to the pressure test, the inside and outside of the vessel shall be thoroughly cleaned,
free from slag, scale, dirt, grit, weld splatter, pieces of metal, paint and oil. Welds shall be
free of slag, oil, grease, paint, and other foreign substances that might prevent
interpretation of the required tests.
c.
Vessels shall not be painted or controlled shot peened before the pressure test, with the
following exceptions:
1.
Surfaces that are to be painted, but are inaccessible after assembly, such as mating
surfaces of lap-joint stub ends, flanges and nozzle necks, flange bolt holes, welded
joints, shall be painted before assembly and pressure testing.
2.
Welded joints that are inaccessible after assembly, such as joints covered by lap-type
flanges, shall be examined by PT or MT and repaired before painting, assembly and
pressure testing. See 12.1f for specific examination requirements.
d.
The test pressure shall be measured at the high point of the vessel in the test position.
e.
Welds shall be cleaned and free of scale or paint before pressure testing to permit
examination for defects.
f.
Reinforcing pad attachment welds and accessible surfaces of inside nozzle to vessel wall
welds shall be tested for leaks with a gauge pressure of 100 kPa (15 psig) dry air or
nitrogen and bubble forming solution. Test shall be performed before the final hydrostatic
or pneumatic test.
g.
All facilities and materials, including blinds, bolting, and gaskets, required for testing shall
be provided.
h.
i.
The temperature of the pressure-retaining components during the pressure test, regardless
of test media, shall be:
Page 52 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
j.
15.2
1.
At least 15C (60F), but not higher than 50C (120F) and
2.
At least 17C (30F) higher than the vessel minimum design metal temperature.
The specified service gasket shall be used. If a flanged joint is not being disassembled
after testing, service gaskets used for testing shall be left installed for shipment for all
blind flanged connections.
2.
Flanged joint assemblies fitted with service gaskets, such as main body flange joints,
manways, blind flange nozzles, and disassembled following tests shall be
reassembled using new service gaskets. If the joints are shipped unassembled, new
service gaskets for field installation shall be packaged, marked, and shipped with the
vessel. See 17.1c.
3.
Joints being disassembled after testing, employing nonstandard flanges and service
gasket is not specified, the test gasket description shall be submitted to Company for
agreement.
k.
l.
Bolting and washers used for testing shall be lubricated for assembly before the initial
hydrostatic test.
m.
Leakage shall not be permitted at the time of the required inspection except for leakage
that can occur at temporary closures for openings intended for welded connections.
n.
Leakage from temporary seals shall be directed away from vessel to avoid masking leaks
from other joints.
o.
p.
q.
If field assembly and erection is specified in the Purchase Order documents, the final
pressure test shall be performed at the installation site. A detailed test procedure shall be
provided to Company for review before testing.
r.
If hydrostatic testing at the installation site is specified in the Purchase Order documents,
Company shall furnish a fill line and a drain line for the test water at a location adjacent to
the test site.
s.
A detailed test procedure shall be submitted to Company for review and agreement.
Hydrostatic test
a.
Liquids other than water may be used for hydrostatic testing in conformance to the design
code, if specified on the data sheets.
b.
Horizontal vessels designed to support a full weight load of water shall be tested resting on
its support saddles, without additional supports or cribbing.
c.
Vertical vessels being tested in the erected position, whether shop or field, shall have
design consideration given to the additional pressure and weight from the fluid head.
d.
e.
Testing of vessels shall be performed with test water that is clean and free of debris.
f.
g.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
15.3
h.
i.
If the duration of the test procedure is 72 hours or less and the procedure includes rinsing
with water containing less than 30 ppm chloride, testing of vessels or components made of
austenitic stainless steel materials may be performed with water containing greater than
30 ppm chloride but less than 250 ppm chloride.
j.
Test water shall not be in contact with austenitic stainless steel for greater than 72 hours
unless treated with a biocide.
k.
Before application of the test pressure, the test water and the vessel material shall be
permitted to equalise to approximately the same temperature.
l.
The test pressure shall be held for a minimum of one hour, or as specified on data sheets.
m.
16.1
2.
Standing water (including on internals) shall be wiped dry and shall not be allowed to
evaporate to dryness.
3.
Pneumatic test
a.
Detailed, written procedures for pneumatic testing shall be submitted for review and
agreement by Company.
b.
If acoustic emission monitoring of the pneumatic test is specified on the data sheets,
procedures for the monitoring shall be submitted to Company for review and agreement.
c.
d.
16
1.
1.
Inert gas.
2.
Clean, dry, oil-free air in conformance to ISO 8573-1 Class 1, 2, or 3 air, with a dew
point ranging from -20C to -70C (+4F to -94F).
2.
3.
Attachment welds, including weld attaching non-pressure parts to pressure parts have
received full surface examination.
4.
Non-essential personnel have evacuated the testing area for a safe distance specified
in ASME PCC-2 Article 5.1.
5.
Supplier demonstrates that all materials used ensure fracture toughness during the test
at the test temperature.
b.
Grit, scale, oil, grease, weld rod stub ends, sand, water, free moisture, and all other foreign
material shall be removed from the vessel.
c.
High alloy vessels shall be blown dry with ambient temperature air, only after all standing
water has been removed.
Page 54 of 96
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10 October 2013
d.
16.2
The following vessel cleaning procedure shall be performed before shipping, if specified
on the data sheets:
1.
2.
Rinse.
3.
4.
If rust stains appear in wet-dry test, acid clean with passivation solution.
5.
6.
7.
Rinse.
8.
Dry.
Surface preparation, external painting and non-metallic internal lining shall conform to
GIS 06-602.
b.
Internal and external surface preparation, priming, painting and lining shall only proceed
after completion of pressure tests.
c.
Austenitic alloy steel and nickel-iron-chromium alloy material parts with design metal
temperatures above 400C (750F) shall not be painted.
d.
External coating and internal lining shall be as specified on the data sheets.
e.
f.
Lifting devices that are intended to be cut off after erection shall receive full surface
preparation, priming, and painting as the component it is attached to, except the final
colour shall be yellow for the areas that are to be cut off.
g.
The Company inspector shall have absolute and immediate authority to reject any stage of
surface preparation, priming, painting or lining.
h.
i.
Vessels coated with non-metallic linings shall conform to the following additional
requirements:
1.
2.
3.
Nozzles and manways shall be flush on the lining side with all corners rounded to a
radius of 6 mm (1/4 in).
4.
All outside corners and edges shall be ground to a minimum radius of 6 mm (1/4 in).
See Figure 13 for typical details. Fillet welds that are to be ground shall be oversized,
so that the grinding the radius does not reduce the fillet weld throat dimension below
the minimum Code thickness.
Page 55 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
5.
Partitions, braces, supports or other attachments on the lined side of the vessel shall
be fitted flat against the vessel surface and continuously welded around the entire
perimeter. See Figure 14 for typical details.
Figure 14 - Internal attachments
16.3
6.
7.
Lined bolt holes shall be drilled oversized for the lining. All edges shall be rounded to
a radius of 6 mm (1/4 in) by grinding.
Marking
a.
b.
c.
d.
PWHT vessels shall have the following notice painted on two sides of the shell and
insulation covering, if present, in three-inch high letters visible in the shipping position
from grade (See 11.1d):
POSTWELD HEAT TREATED - DO NOT BURN OR WELD
e.
Vessels with non-metallic linings shall have the following notice painted on two sides of
the shell and insulation covering, if present, in three-inch high letters visible in the
Page 56 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
The marking on vertical vessels shall be located on two opposite sides near the bottom
tangent line and repeated at approximately each 3 m (10 ft) of height, but rotated
/2 radians (90 degrees).
g.
The markings on horizontal vessels shall be located on both sides near the horizontal
centreline.
h.
The North and East orientations shall be centre-punched on the outside of each vertical
vessel approximately 150 mm (6 in) above the bottom tangent line and 150 mm (6 in)
below the top tangent line. The punch marks shall be circled with white paint.
i.
The Purchase Order number and the vessel identification number shall also be painted with
contrasting paint on non-pressure attachments such as saddles, skirt, or support brackets.
j.
k.
17
17.1
Each vessel and vessel internals shall be packaged, supported and protected from damage
or loss during handling and shipment.
b.
Certified weight shall be obtained for the vessel prior to shipment preparations if specified
on the data sheets.
c.
d.
e.
Bolting and other loose parts shall be packaged and identified with the Purchase Order
number and vessel tag number.
f.
Uncoated bolts and nuts shall be coated with a thread lubricant to prevent corrosion during
transportation and storage. The lubricant shall be easily removable with mineral spirits or a
solvent.
g.
Internals which cannot be safely shipped in place shall be identified, tagged, and shipped
separately.
h.
A minimum of one of each type of internals which have specified clearances or tolerances,
such as tray type or distributor type, shall be trial assembled into the vessel to ensure fit-up
before shipment.
i.
Design and construction details for shipping saddles shall be submitted to Company for
review and agreement.
j.
Austenitic stainless steel vessels shall be protected from exposure to salt water, salt spray,
and chlorides during ocean or over the road shipment.
k.
Vessels that undergo ocean shipment shall have a preparation and shipping plan submitted
for agreement.
1.
Vessels shall not be transported to the jobsite as above-deck cargo without prior
written agreement of Company.
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2.
l.
17.2
Packaging and protection shall be designed for outdoor storage for a minimum period of
6 months, unless otherwise specified in Purchaser Order.
17.3
2.
b.
Covers for flanged opening shall be secured with at least 25% complement of total flange
bolting (minimum of 4 bolts).
c.
d.
Threaded couplings shall be protected with bull plugs and sealed with joint compound.
e.
f.
g.
Nozzles, including attached piping, within or passing through vessel support skirts shall be
supported for shipping and handling.
h.
Machined surfaces (except weld bevels), flange faces, threaded surfaces, and other finished
or delicate parts shall be well-greased and protected against rusting and damage during
shipment.
i.
Weld bevels shall be free of dirt, oil, grease, scale, rust, and other foreign materials.
j.
Weld bevels of carbon steel and ferritic alloy steel materials shall be coated, after cleaning,
on the inside and outside for a distance of approximately 75 mm (3 in) from the end of the
weld bevel with a weldable rust preventive agreed by Company.
k.
Holes in reinforcing pads and saddle wear plates shall be plugged with RTV silicone sealer
or rust preventative grease that shall not damage the base material.
l.
Blind flanged connections, including manways, shall have the blinds attached with a full
complement of new service bolts and service gasket.
m.
n.
o.
Saddle extensions shall provide the required ground clearance for boot or nozzle
projections that extend below the permanent saddle base plate.
Items shipped not attached to the vessel shall be packaged and crated for secure shipment.
b.
Parts with nozzles, flanges, or connections, such as piping spools, shall be protected as
listed in 17.2.
c.
2.
3.
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10 October 2013
17.4
17.5
d.
e.
f.
Ropes, chains, and straps may be used to secure the vessel and associated equipment to the
transporter deck.
b.
Padding shall be placed between cables or chains and stainless steel or high alloy
equipment to prevent discoloration of the vessel shell or contamination of the metal.
c.
d.
External attachments other than lifting lugs and tailing lugs shall not be used as tie down
points unless specifically designed to.
e.
Carbon steel shipping saddles that are used for stainless steel or high alloy vessels shall be
padded.
18
Vessels or materials that contain or are coated with any of the following shall be
prominently tagged at openings to indicate nature of contents and precautions for shipping,
storage, and handling:
1.
Insulating oils.
2.
Corrosion inhibitors.
3.
Antifreeze solutions.
4.
Desiccants.
5.
Chemical substances.
6.
Hydrocarbon substances.
b.
c.
MSDS shall fully conform to regulations for MSDS preparation specified by entity that has
jurisdiction and shall include a statement that the substance is considered hazardous by
regulation.
d.
If any products are exempt from regulation, a statement to that effect shall be included.
e.
f.
MSDSs shall be placed in a protective envelope(s) and shall be affixed to the outside of the
shipment.
Documentation
The following documentation shall be required.
18.1
Proposal documentation
a.
The Supplier shall supply all specified information required for appraisal of the mechanical
design by Company, which includes but is not limited to the following:
1.
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
3.
4.
5.
Definition of the welding processes and techniques to be used, including that for
overlay applications.
6.
7.
Details of previous fabrication experience on vessels of similar size and of the same
materials and construction.
b.
The base proposal for construction of vessel shall be provided in conformance to the
request for proposal.
c.
d.
18.2
2.
1.
Loss of capability.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
Shall include a list of specific exceptions to Companys request for proposal, the data
sheets, and the Purchase Order documents including this Specification.
Work shall not begin unless the plans and procedures applicable to that work have been
agreed by Company.
b.
Quality plan.
2.
3.
Fabrication plan.
4.
5.
6.
Complete calculations.
7.
WPS.
8.
PQR.
9.
Weld map.
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The fabrication drawings shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Weld joint details in cross-section, weld map, and applicable welding procedures.
9.
Fabrication drawings shall use the system of units specified in the Purchaser Order.
e.
Revisions of drawings, plans, procedures, and other previously submitted documents shall
be submitted for further agreement by Company.
f.
No modifications shall be made to the agreed drawings, plans, procedures, and other
agreed documents without the agreement of Company.
g.
Documents shall reference both the Purchase Order number and the vessel item number.
h.
As a minimum, the following documents shall be available for review during manufacture:
i.
18.3
1.
Purchase orders and specifications for plates and forgings, CMTRs, chemical
analysis, and mechanical properties of pressure containing materials including weld
filler materials, except weld filler materials in carbon steel vessels.
2.
3.
Radiographs.
4.
5.
Calculations shall be provided for design of components that fall beyond the scope of the
code and shall be submitted to Company for review and agreement.
Final documentation
a.
Pressure vessel record books shall be assembled and delivered to Company on completion
of construction of each vessel.
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b.
The pressure vessel record book shall contain, as a minimum, the following information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The latest revision of the data sheets marked up to reflect the as-built conditions.
5.
Quality control plan including fabrication sequence, all heat treatment requirements,
forming and rolling procedure, an inspection and test plan with schedule identifying
all inspection points required by Company and signed inspection reports.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Pyrometer charts or other detailed records for all heat treatment performed, such as
PWHT, normalising, and heating for forming.
11. Exceptions, deviations, and non-conformance reports (including resolution) and a
detailed description of any repairs including a sketch, photo, or drawing indicating the
location and size of the repaired area.
12. Charts or other records of required pressure tests.
13. Certified material test reports or certificates of conformance which fully identify the
specific materials they represent.
14. The PMI report for all materials subject to PMI examination.
15. A completed inspection checklist in conformance to the inspection test plan.
16. Results of all impact testing.
17. Operations and maintenance requirements procedures as applicable.
c.
Three (3) copies of the pressure vessel record book shall be delivered to Company unless a
different number of copies is specified in the Purchase Order documents.
d.
The pressure vessel record book shall also be provided on a CD or DVD securely attached
within each furnished hardcopy of the book containing the following:
1.
2.
The computer files of the pressure vessel calculations (i.e., COMPRESS, PVElite,
Finglow, FE/Pipe, NozzlePro files).
3.
e.
The pressure vessel record book shall include all correspondence relating to the approval
of state special designs as required by the applicable jurisdictions.
f.
The pressure vessel record book shall be retained by the vessel manufacturer and shall be
furnished to Company upon their request for a minimum of five (5) years.
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19
Quality management
The quality management system shall conform to ISO 9001, API Specification Q1, or other agreed
internationally recognised standard to ensure that the products and services provided conform to the
requirements for supplier quality identified in the Purchase Order.
20
20.1
20.2
20.3
Prior to the start of manufacture, an ITP shall be submitted for approval by Company
responsible engineer.
b.
The ITP shall include inspection and testing activities to be performed, including those at
sub-suppliers works and shall make reference to all testing procedures, control documents,
and resulting records and reports.
c.
Inspection access
a.
Company and the Company appointed representative shall at all times have access to the
workshops and testing facilities, including workshops of sub-suppliers engaged in
supplying material or in fabricating the equipment for the purpose of inspecting the
purchased equipment.
b.
Quality assurance
a.
A quality control system shall be operated to ensure technical requirements of the specified
pressure vessel code are achieved.
b.
A fabrication plan, an inspection and test plan, and a quality plan shall be submitted for
agreement by Company prior to the start of fabrication.
c.
The inspection and test plan shall contain the following elements as a minimum:
d.
1.
Activities and associated control procedure and specification reference governing the
activity.
2.
Acceptance criteria.
3.
4.
5.
Quality documents including inspection and test records to be compiled into the
pressure vessel record book.
6.
7.
8.
Quality plan shall state all quality related activities, reference standards, acceptance
criteria, and names of the responsible persons in the Suppliers organization. Spaces for
signatures and dates for each inspection activity shall be provided.
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e.
21
Technical and quality assurance requirements specified in the purchase order shall apply to
all materials, equipment and services provided by sub-Supplier.
22
Supplier deliverables
Technical data, registers, documents, and drawings that together define the scope of the Purchase
Order shall conform to the requirements for supplier information identified in the Purchase Order.
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Annex A
(Normative)
General
If data sheets indicate any of the following special services are present, the requirements
contained within that clause below shall apply.
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE, after any
PWHT.
b.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
c.
Butane storage
a.
The specified minimum tensile strength of C-Mn steels shall not exceed 550 MPa (80 ksi).
b.
Weldment hardness shall not exceed Hv10 248 (Brinell 237 HBW).
Amine service
a.
b.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE, after any
PWHT.
c.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
d.
In amine service, welds and HAZ shall be blasted and examined by WFMT. This
examination shall be performed after any PWHT.
e.
Full penetration welds shall be provided on pressure boundary parts to internal attachments
such as downcomer bolting bars and segments, bed support beam seats, or any
load-carrying attachments that have the long axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
vessel. This requirement for full penetration welds does not extend to tray support rings, or
other circumferentially oriented attachments.
Caustic service
a.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
b.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
Cyanides service
a.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
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b.
A.7
A.8
A.9
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
Cyclic service
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
For vessels with a shell thickness of 50mm or more, all nozzles shall be swept-type
forgings that allow full volumetric examination.
Hydrofluoric acid
a.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE, after any
PWHT.
b.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
c.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
d.
e.
Full penetration welds shall be provided on pressure boundary parts to internal attachments
such as downcomer bolting bars and segments, bed support beam seats, or any
load-carrying attachments that have the long axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
vessel. This requirement for full penetration welds does not extend to tray support rings, or
other circumferentially oriented attachments.
Hydrogen service
a.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
b.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
c.
d.
Internal and external attachments welds should be full penetration welds. The enclosed
space shall be vented if a full penetration weld is achievable.
e.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
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f.
A.10
Cryogenic service
a.
b.
A.11
A.12
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
NDE inspections shall include the following if the lowest operating temperature is below
0C (32F):
1.
All butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any PWHT.
2.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure retaining welds, shall receive
100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
All pressure containing welds shall be subject to full volumetric examination after any
PWHT if the lowest operating temperature is below -20C (-4F).
Propane storage
a.
The specified minimum tensile strength of C-Mn steels shall not exceed 550 MPa (80 ksi).
b.
Weldment hardness shall not exceed Hv10 248 (Brinell 237 HBW).
Materials shall meet the requirements of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 parts 1 and 2 and
API 5L/ISO 3183 Annex H and K.
b.
Longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall receive full volumetric NDE after any
PWHT.
c.
All welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject
to 100% surface inspection by MT or PT after any PWHT.
d.
e.
Material shall be in the normalised condition unless agreement is given for the steel to be
supplied quenched and tempered (Q+T) or made by TMCP as specified in data sheets and
the following:
1.
2.
3.
f.
g.
Z quality and HIC plate shall be used for carbon steel. Z-quality steel plate shall be
designated as one of the following:
h.
1.
2.
The plate shall meet EN 10028-3 or equivalent steel grades together with the following
supplementary requirements.
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1.
Steels shall be made by a low sulphur and low phosphorus refining process, for
example, in an electric furnace with double de-slagging or in the basic oxygen
furnace. The steel shall be vacuum degassed while molten.
2.
Carbon
0,200% max.
b)
Sulphur
0,008% max.
c)
Phosphorus
0,025% max.
d)
CE C
Mn (Cr Mo V ) ( Ni Cu )
6
5
15
i.
Plate shall be ultrasonically examined and meet EN 10160 quality classes S1/E1 or
equivalent.
j.
2.
3.
In addition to the above, the tests required by the material specification shall be
carried out.
k.
Plate shall not be weld repaired without agreement and shall be subject to an agreed repair
procedure before repair.
l.
The following additional requirements shall apply if data sheets specify that HIC resistant
plate shall be used.
1.
b)
EN 10028-6 (Q+T).
c)
2.
For low temperature applications (down to -46C) the impact tested carbon steel
plates meeting ASTM A516/A516M Grades 60, 65, 70 or EN 10028-3 grades P275
(NL2) and P355 (NL2) shall be used.
3.
Steels shall be made by a low sulphur and low phosphorus refining process, for
example in an electric furnace with double de-slagging or in the basic oxygen
furnace. The steel shall be vacuum degassed while molten.
4.
Plates shall be in the normalised, Q+T, or TMCP condition as specified in data sheets.
5.
Carbon
0,200% max.
b)
Sulphur
0,002% max.
c)
Phosphorus
0,008% max.
d)
Oxygen
0,003% max.
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e)
CE C
Mn (Cr Mo V ) ( Ni Cu )
6
5
15
6.
Plate shall be ultrasonically examined and meet EN 10160 quality classes S1/E1 or
equivalent.
7.
8.
HIC/SWC test
9.
a)
b)
One set of 3 specimens shall be tested from each thickness of plate from each
heat.
c)
Following exposure, the test coupons shall be ultrasonically tested for evidence
of hydrogen-induced cracking and stepwise cracking before sectioning.
Additional sections for microscopic examination shall be prepared through any
suspect locations, agreed by Company.
d)
2)
3)
A NACE Standard Tensile Test shall be carried out to NACE TM0177 using
Method A and Test Solution A if a SOHIC or SZC test is specified in addition to the
HIC test. The material test samples which pass this test shall be evaluated for
acceptance by one of two methods:
a)
At least two metallographic sections shall be taken parallel to the sample axis.
There shall be no ladder-like cracks > 0,5 mm in length in the through-thickness
direction.
b)
The remaining tensile strength (after hydrogen degassing at 150C (302F)) shall
be 80% of the original actual tensile strength of the material.
m.
Hardness of carbon steel HAZ for downstream applications, as measured in the weld
procedure test, shall not exceed 248 Hv10 (Brinell 237 HBW) as given in NACE SP0472.
Hardness values for other materials shall be as given in NACE MR0103. Hardness checks
on the weld deposit of the completed vessel shall conform to NACE SP0472, which
specifies a maximum hardness of Brinell 200 HBW in the weld metal.
n.
Hardness in the weldment on cracking resistant carbon and low alloy steels for upstream
applications, measured in the weld procedure test, shall conform to ISO 15156-2, which
specifies a maximum hardness of 250 Hv10 for the weld root area and a minimum
temperature for PWHT of 620C (1 150F).
o.
After PWHT, weldments shall be subject to blasting of surface to SSPC SP 5/NACE No. 1
and tested by WFMT.
p.
Vessels clad with a corrosion resistant lining or fabricated from solid corrosion resistant
alloys for Upstream environments shall conform to ISO 15156-3. The conditions of
acceptability for each of the material classes given in Annex A in ISO 15156-3 shall be
met. For Downstream environments, the material requirements given in NACE MR0103
shall be met.
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q.
Full penetration welds shall be provided on pressure boundary parts to internal attachments
such as downcomer bolting bars and segments, bed support beam seats, or any
load-carrying attachments that have the long axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
vessel. This requirement for full penetration welds does not extend to tray support rings or
other circumferentially oriented attachments.
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Annex B
(Normative)
General
a.
The plate edge preparation for welding shall be by flame cutting and grinding or by
machining. Nozzle openings shall be made by machining.
b.
Material for starting and run-off plates for longitudinal automatic welding shall be of the
same chemical composition as the base material.
c.
The hardness of weld crown and root surfaces, and HAZs shall not exceed:
1.
Cr-Mo steels
2.
d.
A fabrication sequence with IPWHT, DHT, and final PWHT, including temperature and
holding times shall be submitted with the proposal.
e.
f.
Procedure qualification tests shall be made on plates or forgings of the same material
specification, grade, class, and thickness as the vessel using filler metal, flux, and (or) inert
gases of the same type, brand, nominal chemistry, and size to be used on the actual work.
g.
Two production test specimens shall be produced to test the weld metal and HAZs. One
test specimen shall simulate the weldment between two shell courses, and one test
specimen shall simulate the weldment between nozzle forging and shell.
h.
The qualification test coupons shall be in the same heat treated condition as the base
material prior to welding. Test coupons shall undergo the heat treatments (IWHT or
PWHT) anticipated for the completed vessel before testing. The 0,2 per cent proof strength
shall be determined.
i.
The temperature and maximum amount of PWHT time is applicable to base material and
welding procedure qualification testing.
j.
1.
The maximum amount of time available for IWHT and PWHT shall be established.
2.
Probable times for IWHT and final PWHT to fabricate the vessel shall be reported.
3.
Temporary shop attachments such as aids for handling and fitting shall be as follows:
1.
Attachments shall be preheated (as specified for the material) with the base metal
local to the attachment.
2.
If temporary attachments are of a material different from the base metal, welds shall
be alloyed to match the base metal, not the attachment. After welding, the material
shall be allowed to air cool to ambient temperature.
3.
Attachment welds shall be cut above the weld during removal of the attachment.
4.
The remaining stub shall be ground flush with the base material surface.
5.
k.
Material for starting and run-off plates for longitudinal automatic welding shall be of the
same chemical composition as the base material.
l.
One subsize production weld for chemistry and mechanical properties verification shall be
made for each heat of electrode and flux combination.
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B.2
B.3
B.4
B.5
Fabrication
a.
A local DHT shall be performed for all butt-welds and corner joint welds (i.e., ASME weld
category A, B, and C) that are 50 mm (2 in) and greater in thickness (See Annex E).
b.
An IPWHT shall be performed for all nozzle attachment welds (i.e., ASME weld
category D) that are 50 mm (2 in) and greater in thickness (See Annex E).
Examination requirements
a.
b.
c.
Plate edges after bevelling, but prior to welding root passes in shell, heads, and nozzles,
weld build-ups on shell and heads, background surfaces, skirt to head or shell attachment
welds, fillet welds, attachment welds and temporary welds after removal of attachments,
shall be subject to MT.
d.
Welds, including external and internal non-pressure containing welds, shall be subject to
100% surface inspection (by MT or PT) after hydrotesting.
e.
Pressure containing welds and skirt attachment or support welds shall be subject to RT or
UT after hydrotesting. Radiographs shall be taken within 48 hours after weld completion.
f.
Full penetration welds shall be subject to MT on the back-chipped surface and on finished
weld surfaces prior to overlay.
The measured tensile strength, as recorded on the material test certificate or report, shall be
limited to 585 MPa (84,8 ksi) for plate and 655 MPa (95 ksi) for forgings.
b.
The requirements included and guidance given in API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E shall
apply.
c.
Head or shell plate welds shall not be subjected to an austenitising heat treatment without
specific agreement.
d.
Minimum preheat temperature throughout thickness shall be 150C (300F). The actual
interpass temperature for WPS qualification tests shall be determined and defined on PQR
documents. Welding preheats shall be maintained until IPWHT has been performed.
e.
b.
c.
A minimum and maximum PWHT shall be established. Two sets of weld procedure
specimens shall be heat treated, one for each time. The strength of the vessel shall be such
that at least two PWHT cycles remain available for Company in service, except that if the
closing seam of the vessel requires an additional PWHT, only at least one remaining
PWHT cycle shall be available for Company.
d.
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e.
The measured tensile strength for conventional shall not exceed 690 MPa (100 ksi).
2.
Hot tensile tests at design temperature per API RP 934-A Paragraph 5.5.2.2 shall be
required.
3.
f.
Plates shall be fine grain with a grain size of five (5) or higher in conformance to
ASTM E112.
g.
Step cooling tests of all materials, plates, forgings, and weld metals, shall be performed in
conformance to paragraph 6.2.3 of API RP 934-A. Acceptance criteria shall conform to
API RP 934-A paragraph 6.2.3.3.
h.
Welding wire heats and electrode and flux lots shall be selected and tested to confirm that
tensile, impact, and step cooling requirements specified in B.6.3 are met in both the
PWHTmin and PWHTmax conditions.
i.
Preheat temperatures for welding, manual weld overlay and thermal cutting operations
shall conform to API RP 934-A. The following minimum preheat temperatures shall be
maintained during machining and welding.
1.
2.
3.
4.
j.
The actual maximum interpass temperature for WPS qualification tests shall be determined
and defined on PQR documents, but shall not exceed 300C (570F).
k.
During fabrication, IPWHT shall be at temperatures lower than the final PWHT
temperature. The latter shall not exceed the tempering temperature performed at the mill
for any of the materials used.
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Annex C
(Normative)
Supplementary requirements for stainless steel vessels
C.1
C.2
C.3
Fabrication
a.
Forming rolls used to form any austenitic stainless or nonferrous materials shall covered to
prevent carbon pickup or contamination of the formed material.
b.
c.
An allowance shall be made for the removal of not less than 3 mm (1/8 in) of metal by
machining or grinding to the finished dimension for stainless steels cut by any thermal
process, such as plasma arc or air arc.
d.
Grinding and cleaning of stainless steels shall be done with tools that do not leave
detrimental deposits.
e.
Only stainless steel brushes and clean, iron-free sand, ceramic, or stainless steel grit shall
be used for cleaning stainless steel and non-ferrous surfaces.
f.
Cleaning tools or materials shall not have been previously used on carbon steel.
Welding
a.
The ferrite content of ASS weld metal, with the exception of type 904L (which is fully
austenitic), shall be in the range 3% to 10% in the as-welded and post-weld heated
condition.
b.
Ferrite checks shall be made on at least 5% of the welds, unless a higher percentage is
specified on the data sheets.
c.
Comparable low carbon austenitic filler materials shall be used if welding low carbon
grade austenitic base materials.
d.
The high nickel alloy welding consumables of Ni-Cr-Mo (alloy 624 or ERNiCrMo-3)
filler metals shall be used for welding of 904L and 6Mo steels.
2.
3.
Examination requirements
a.
Welds shall be free from cracks and fissures. The extent of PT on welds shall be as
specified on the data sheets.
b.
The pressure test fluid for ASS vessels shall not contain more than 30 ppm chlorides. See
clause 15.2h
c.
ASS vessels shall be dried within 48 hours of draining, using swabs or a flow of air at
ambient temperature. Heat shall not be applied.
d.
Unless directed otherwise, ASS vessels that operate in the range of 50C to 150C (120F
to 300F) shall be painted externally to the specification listed on the data sheets.
e.
Insulated ASS vessels operating below 50C (120F) shall be painted externally to the
specification listed on the data sheets.
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C.4
f.
Equipment shall be protected such that chloride contamination cannot occur during
shipment.
g.
2.
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Annex D
(Normative)
Design
a.
Linings, made by strips fillet welded to the base material, shall not be used.
b.
Corrosion resistant alloy cladding or weld overlay shall not be considered in calculating
required pressure boundary thickness.
c.
All cladding materials, other than titanium, for nozzles shall be made either by weld
overlay or from roll clad plate as shown in Figure D.1.
d.
Solid alloy nozzles DN 100 (NPS 4) and less may be used instead of clad nozzles
provided:
1.
2.
The vessel is not in any of the special services listed in Annex A of this Specification.
3.
e.
f.
2.
A minimum of 3 mm (1/8 in) of cladding material shall remain under the ring groove.
3.
Flange thickness, Tf, shall conform to ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 and shall not
be reduced.
Figure D.1 - Typical clad nozzle attachment to shell
Page 76 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
3 mm (1/8 in)
STANDARD RING
TYPE GROOVE
Tf
3 mm (1/8 in) MINIMUM
CLADDING THICKNESS
Page 77 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
D.2
D.3
b.
Integrally clad plate shall be ordered per ASME SA-263, SA-264, or SA-265 with Quality
Level 1 with supplementary requirement S12.
c.
d.
Integrally clad plate shall be ordered with shear strength tests performed in conformance to
the applicable material specification.
e.
f.
Integrally clad plate, including explosion clad plate, in conformance to ASME SA-263,
ASME SA-264, and ASME SA-265 shall be cold flattened, if required, after final heat
treatment and descaling.
g.
Following forming and any associated heat treatment, the knuckle region of heads pressed
or spun from clad plate shall be subject to UT and PT, and weld overlay seams shall be
inspected by UT for lack of bond at the weld to clad interface along the entire seam length.
h.
Clad plate on PWHT vessels shall have indications that show a 50% or greater loss of back
reflection marked and recorded prior to heat treatment.
i.
Cladding re-instatement
a.
The typical detail applied in cladding re-instatement local to a seam is shown in Figure
D.6.
b.
Chipped, gouged, or ground surface shall be cleaned of all residual alloy material.
c.
The removed of the residual alloy material shall be verified with a CuSO4 etch.
d.
Depth of base material removed during clad removal shall not exceed 0,8 mm (1/32 in).
e.
If chip back or gouge is done from inside, as shown in Figure D.6b, 5 mm (3/16 in)
minimum shall be left between edge of chipped or gouged surface and cladding.
f.
Final base material weld deposit from inside shall not contact cladding and shall be ground
flush before depositing alloy weld material.
g.
Weld seams that require volumetric examination shall be tested before cladding
re-instatement.
h.
Each main seam of 11-13% chrome (405, 410S) clad vessels shall be spot radiographed
before and after cladding re-instatement.
i.
The weld overlay requirements of Clause D.4 shall also apply to cladding re-instatement
welding.
Page 78 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
0.8mm MAX.
(1/32 in)
12mm MIN.
(1/2 in)
0.8mm MAX.
(1/32 in)
CHIPPED OR
GOUGED SURFACE
(a) MACHINING
5mm MIN.
(3/16 in)
AFTER GOUGING
CHIPPED OR
GOUGED SURFACE
COMPLETED WELD
IN BASE MATERIAL.
GRIND FLUSH BEFORE
DEPOSITING ALLOY
12mm MIN.
(1/2 in)
D.4
2 ND PASS
ELECTRODE
1 ST PASS
ELECTRODE
Weld overlay
a.
b.
c.
The weld overlay shall be applied in such a manner that the weld beads run
circumferentially around the vessel.
1.
The surface contour shall be relatively smooth. Adjacent weld beads shall fuse and
blend to create a flat surface without any interbead grooving.
2.
Waviness is permissible but without notches and undercuts that might act as stress
raisers.
3.
The beads may run longitudinally for nozzles with an inside diameter of 300 mm
(12 in) and smaller and for pipe elbows if followed by blend grinding.
d.
With ASS, the chemical composition of the final surface on both weld overlay and
cladding re-instatement shall conform to the corresponding AWS welding consumable
classification.
e.
Welding consumables used for ASS weld overlays that are subject to PWHT shall be L
grade, or stabilised with additions of Ti or Nb (Cb) to minimise sigma phase formation
during the heat treatment.
f.
The ferrite content of ASS overlays, with the exception of type 904L (which is fully
austenitic), shall be in the range 3 - 10% in the as-welded and post-weld heated condition,
see data sheets. Welding consumables for 904L clad restoration shall be Ni-Cr-Mo type
such as ERNiCrMo3
g.
Vessels with Alloy 400 weld overlay designated for HF acid service shall have the
following:
Page 79 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
D.5
1.
Overlay shall contain a maximum of 5% iron (Fe) in the top 1,6 mm (1/16 in) of the
final deposit.
2.
3.
ERNi-1 filler metal shall be used for the first pass if welding with the GTAW or
GMAW process.
h.
i.
Carbon content of low-carbon (L, LC, or ELC) grades of ASS, shall not exceed 0,03 %.
j.
The columbium to carbon ratio of the deposited metal for columbium (niobium) bearing
grades of ASS (e.g., 347 and 309 Cb) shall not exceed 16:1.
k.
If a single layer overlay is offered, metallurgical and analytical evidence shall be produced
to demonstrate its acceptability.
l.
The welding process shall not transfer alloying elements via the flux to achieve the
specified weld metal composition.
m.
n.
Each batch of welding consumables, including each batch of submerged arc or electroslag
flux, for ASS overlays shall be tested in conformance to the agreed weld overlay procedure
to ensure that the resultant overlay conforms to the specified microstructure and chemical
analysis.
Welding procedures
a.
b.
Qualified welding procedures for weld overlay and cladding re-instatement shall be
submitted for agreement.
c.
The base material for the test pieces of the welding procedure shall be of the same material
specification and grade as the vessel.
1.
The same heat treatment batch of welding wire or electrode as that to be used in
production welding shall be used and the same type and brand of flux.
2.
The temperature range used on the overlay qualification test plates for PWHT shall be
the same as that used in production.
3.
The PWHT time at temperature for the qualification test plates shall be greater than
that used in production in order to leave at least one heat treatment available for
Company.
d.
The test welds shall be subject to chemical analysis throughout its depth to confirm that the
required purity of Clause D.7.3 has been achieved.
e.
f.
g.
h.
A macro section of the overlay shall be prepared and a series of Hv10 measurements shall
be made across the interface at three separate locations.
i.
j.
The chemical analysis results shall be used to calculate the ferrite content per the
Schaeffler-DeLong diagram.
Page 80 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
k.
D.6
The ferrite content of ASS weld metal, with the exception of type 904L (which is fully
austenitic), shall be in the range 3% to 10% in the as-welded and post-weld heated
condition.
Internal attachments
a.
If the design temperature is greater than 300C (570F), full penetration welds shall be
used for internal attachments.
b.
c.
1.
Lightly loaded supports: Average shear stress across the section does not exceed
25 MPa (3 625 psi).
2.
Moderately loaded supports: Average shear stress across the section lies between
25 MPa (3 625 psi) and 50 MPa (7 250 psi).
3.
Heavily loaded supports: Average shear stress across the section exceeds 50 MPa
(7,25 ksi).
On vessels made from clad plate, lightly and moderately loaded supports (e.g., tray support
rings) may be welded directly to the cladding without stripping back to the base material
providing the following two conditions are satisfied:
1.
The weld is essentially unidirectional (such as at a tray support ring) and not
multi-directional (such as at a bracket).
2.
d.
On vessels with weld overlay, lightly loaded supports (such as tray support rings) may be
welded to the overlay without stripping back to the base material.
e.
Heavily loaded supports shall be integral with the shell if thermal stress is present.
D.7
D.7.1
UT examination
a.
b.
2.
Any area of lack of fusion or other defect that cannot be contained within a 25 mm
(1 in) diameter circle shall be cause for rejection and 100% of the overlay completed
during the shift by the equipment or operator concerned shall be examined.
3.
After DHT or IPWHT (if performed), the stainless steel overlay shall be spot checked for
bond consistency by UT on strips 75 mm (3 in) wide over the vessel length at four
equally-spaced positions around the circumference.
1.
2.
Page 81 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
D.7.2
D.7.3
PT examination
a.
10% of the first layer of weld deposit overlay or clad re-instatement, plus as many T
joints as can be examined, shall receive PT surface examination.
b.
If specified on the data sheets, the surface of weld overlay shall be subject to 100% PT in
conformance to ASTM E165 following any PWHT, but prior to pressure testing.
Chemical analysis
a.
b.
A minimum of two checks shall be made in each shell course and each head with a
minimum of one check for each 5 m (16 ft) length of butt-weld joint.
c.
A minimum of one check shall also be made at each nozzle attachment weld.
d.
e.
f.
The ferrite content of the final layer of 300 series austenitic stainless steel weld overlay
deposits shall be between 3 to 10FN, except for the stabilised austenitic stainless steel
types 321 and 347.
g.
Stabilised 300 series austenitic stainless steel types 321 and 347 shall have a ferrite content
between 5 to 8FN in the final layer.
h.
The WRC-1992 constitution diagram shall be used to predict the ferrite number.
i.
Ferrite analysis shall be done with an instrument calibrated in conformance to AWS A4.2
or ISO 8249.
j.
Ferrite measurements shall be made adjacent to analytical checks on the as-deposited weld
metal and these measurements repeated following any PWHT.
Page 82 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Annex E
(Normative)
E.2
Prior to commencing DHT, the weld joint shall not be allowed to cool below the minimum
preheat temperature applicable to the weld joint. The minimum preheat temperature for P4
materials shall be 150C (300F) minimum. Preheat temperature for P5A and P5C
materials shall be 200C (392F) minimum.
b.
Heating for DHT shall be provided using gas ring burners or by electrical heating
elements. Ring burners shall be constructed to provide uniform heat distribution to the
entire weld joint. The weld joint and a minimum of 25,4 mm (1 in) each side of the weld
joint shall be heated to achieve an even temperature distribution through the full wall
thickness of the weld joint.
c.
d.
The weld joint shall be heated and held at a DHT holding temperature of 350C to 370C
(662F to 700F). Hold time at temperature shall not be less than 2 hours.
e.
After the hold time is completed, the weld joint shall be wrapped in dry thermal insulation
blankets and allowed to slow cool to ambient temperature.
f.
Non-destructive testing PT or MT shall be performed 48 hours after the weld joint has
cooled to ambient temperature.
g.
A written report shall be prepared traceable to each weld joint receiving DHT.
IPWHT shall be carried out in a furnace and immediately after the weld joint has been
completely welded.
b.
Prior to carrying out IPWHT the weld joint shall not be allowed to cool below the
minimum preheat temperature applicable to the weld joint.
c.
2.
d.
Preheat temperatures shall be maintained during handling and moving weld joint to the
furnace.
e.
The furnace shall be prepared for IPWHT and heated to not less than the minimum preheat
temperature specified in the weld procedure specification applicable for the weld joint.
f.
Furnace heating the weld joint above the minimum preheat temperature and the cooling the
weld joint after the IPWHT cycle shall conform to the applicable ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code.
g.
The weld joint shall be heated and held at a temperature indicated below.
1.
For P1 materials the ISR temperature shall be between 540C and 593C (1 000F
and 1 100F).
Page 83 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
2.
For P5A and P5C materials the ISR temperature shall be between 650C and 680C
(1 202F and 1 256F).
h.
i.
Cooling the weld joint from the IPWHT holding temperature shall be done in a closed
furnace. Below 315C (600F) the weld joint shall be allowed to cool to ambient
temperature inside the furnace with the furnace doors opened.
j.
IPWHT heat treatment shall be recorded and charted in a furnace heat treatment chart.
Page 84 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Annex F
(Normative)
This annex defines maximum permissible nozzle loads applied by piping to offshore and
onshore pressure vessels which shall be designed to withstand these loads.
b.
Should there be a requirement for increased forces or moments due to field piping
restrictions in one or more directions during detailed engineering, Supplier shall evaluate
these loads and advise impact on design of pressure vessel.
c.
d.
If, following evaluation, the vessel shell or head is overstressed, Supplier shall not increase
reinforcement on nozzle but shall submit the calculations for review by Company
responsible engineer.
e.
The tabulated forces and moments are applicable for vessels fabricated in carbon steel,
austenitic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel materials. The tabulated values shall be
reduced to 70% for titanium and 50% for copper-nickel piping systems.
f.
The piping loads tabulated in Table F.3 shall apply at maximum design conditions.
g.
The following provides the basis for tabulated values in Table F.3 and calculation method
for pipe sizes not listed in Table F.3:
FS
MPa (psi)
MPa (psi)
Am Metal area
mm2 (ft2)
Section modulus
mm3 (ft3)
Axial force
N (lbf)
N (lbf)
N (lbf)
FR
N (lbf)
MT Torsional moment
Nm (ft lbf)
Nm (ft lbf)
Nm (ft lbf)
Nm (ft lbf)
Page 85 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
FS MPa (psi)
MS MPa (psi)
150 (6)
2,1 (304,6)
41,4 (6 004,6)
200 (8)
2,1 (304,6)
39,1 (5 671)
250 (10)
2,1 (304,6)
36,8 (5 337,4)
300 (12)
2,1 (304,6)
34,5 (5 003,8)
350 (14)
2,1 (304,6)
32,2 (4 670,2)
400 (16)
2,1 (304,6)
29,5 (4 278,6)
450 (18)
2,1 (304,6)
27,6 (4 003,1)
500 (20)
1,87 (271,3)
25,3 (3 669,5)
600 (24)
1,4 (203,1)
20,7 (3 002,3)
FR = FS x Am
P = 0,5 x FR
VL or VC = 0,6124 x FR
MR = Ms x Z x 10-3
MR = Ms x Z
MT = 0,7071 x MR
ML or MC = 0,5 x MR
h.
i.
j.
Allowable loads as given are valid for materials up to 200C (392F). Above 200C
(392F), a de-rating factor shall be applied as shown in Table F.2:
Table F.2 - De-rating factor
Temperature C (F)
De-rating factor
200 (392)
1,00
250 (482)
0,92
300 (572)
0,83
350 (662)
0,75
400 (752)
0,67
450 (842)
0,58
500 (932)
0,50
Note:
1. Interpolation between given values shall be
permitted
Page 86 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
ASME
Class
P
(N) (lbf)
VL, VC
(N) (lbf)
FR
(N) (lbf)
MT
(Nm) (ft lbf)
ML, MC
(Nm) (ft lbf)
MR
(Nm) (ft lbf)
40 (1 1/2)
150
725
(163)
885
(199)
1 450
(326)
200
(147,6)
140
(103,3)
280
(206,6)
300
970
(218,1)
1 185
(266,4)
1 935
(435,1)
245
(180,8)
170
(125,4)
345
(254,5)
600
970
(218,1)
1 185
(266,4)
1 935
(435,1)
245
(180,8)
170
(125,4)
345
(254,5)
900
970
(218,1)
1 185
(266,4)
1 935
(435,1)
245
(180,8)
170
(125,4)
345
(254,5)
1 500
1 280
(287,8)
1 565
(351,9)
2 545
(572,2)
290
(213,9)
200
(147,6)
405
(298,8)
2 500
1 280
(287,8)
1 565
(351,9)
2 545
(572,2)
290
(213,9)
200
(147,6)
405
(298,8)
150
1 000
(224,9)
1 225
(275,4)
2 000
(449,7)
350
(258,2)
250
(184,4)
495
(365,1)
300
1 000
(224,9)
1 225
(275,4)
2 000
(449,7)
350
(258,2)
250
(184,4)
495
(365,1)
600
1 485
(333,9)
1 820
(409,2)
2 975
(668,9)
470
(346,7)
335
(247,1)
665
(490,5)
900
1 485
(333,9)
1 820
(409,2)
2 975
(668,9)
470
(346,7)
335
(247,1)
665
(490,5)
1 500
1 800
(404,7)
2 205
(495,8)
3 600
(809,4)
530
(391)
375
(276,6)
750
(553,2)
2 500
1 800
(404,7)
2 205
(495,8)
3 600
(809,4)
530
(391)
375
(276,6)
750
(553,2)
150
1 510
(339,5)
1 850
(415,9)
3 020
(679)
825
(608,5)
585
(431,5)
1 170
(863)
300
1 510
(339,5)
1 850
(415,9)
3 020
(679)
825
(608,5)
585
(431,5)
1 170
(863)
600
2 045
(459,8)
2 500
(562,1)
4 085
(918,4)
1 070
(789,3)
755
(556,9)
1510
(1 113,8)
900
2 855
(641,9)
3 500
(786,9)
5 710
(1 283,7)
1 380
(1 017,9)
975
(719,2)
1 955
(1 442,0)
1 500
3 705
(833)
4 535
(1 019,6)
7 405
(1 664,8)
1 645
(1 213,4)
1 160
(855,6)
2 325
(1 714,9)
2 500
3 705
(833)
4 535
(1 019,6)
7 405
(1 664,8)
1 645
(1 213,4)
1 160
(855,6)
2 325
(1 714,9)
50 (2)
80 (3)
Page 87 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Pipe size
DN (NPS)
ASME
Class
P
(N) (lbf)
VL, VC
(N) (lbf)
FR
(N) (lbf)
MT
(Nm) (ft lbf)
ML, MC
(Nm) (ft lbf)
MR
(Nm) (ft lbf)
100 (4)
150
2 150
(483,4)
2 635
(592,4)
4 300
(966,7)
1 540
(1 135,9)
1 090
(804)
2 180
(1 608,0)
300
2 150
(483,4)
2 635
(592,4)
4 300
(966,7)
1 540
(1 135,9)
1 090
(804)
2 180
(1 608,0)
600
2 985
(671,1)
3 655
(821,7)
5 940
(1 335,4)
2 050
(1 512,1)
1 450
(1 069,5)
2 900
(2 139,0)
900
3 785
(851)
4 640
(1 043,2)
7 575
(1 703,0)
2 485
(1 832,9)
1 760
(1 298,2)
3 515
(2 592,6)
1 500
5 450
(1 225,3)
6 720
(1 510,8)
10 975
(2 467,3)
3 260
(2 404,5)
2 305
(1 700,2)
4 610
(3 400,3)
2 500
5 450
(1 225,3)
6 720
(1 510,8)
10 975
(2 467,3)
3 260
(2 404,5)
2 305
(1 700,2)
4 610
(3 400,3)
150
3 780
(849,8)
4 630
(1 040,9)
7 560
(1 699,6)
4 075
(3 005,7)
2 880
(2 124,3)
5 765
(4 252,2)
300
4 600
(1 034,2)
5 630
(1 265,7)
9 200
(2 068,3)
4 860
(3 584,6)
3 440
(2 537,3)
6 880
(5 074,5)
600
5 695
(1 280,3)
6 975
(1 568,1)
11 390
(2 560,6)
5 865
(4 325,9)
4 145
(3 057,3)
8 295
(6 118,2)
900
7 250
(1 629,9)
8 880
(1 996,4)
14 505
(3 260,9)
7 185
(5 299,5)
5 080
(3 746,9)
10 160
(7 493,8)
1 500
10 595
(2 381,9)
12 975
(2 917,0)
21 185
(4 762,7)
9 605
(7 084,4)
6 795
(5 011,9)
13 585
(10 020,0)
2 500
10 740
(2 414,5)
13 150
(2 956,3)
21 475
(4 827,8)
9 700
(7 154,5)
6 860
(5 059,8)
13 720
(10 119,5)
150
5 690
(1 279,2)
6 970
(1 567,0)
11 380
(2 558,4)
7 615
(5 616,7)
5 385
(3 971,9)
10 770
(7 943,7)
300
6 060
(1 362,4)
7 425
(1 669,3)
12 125
(2 725,9)
8 075
(5 955,9)
5 710
(4 211,6)
11 420
(8 423,1)
600
7 100
(1 596,2)
8 700
(1 955,9)
14 205
(3 193,5)
9 325
(6 877,9)
6 595
(4 864,3)
13 190
(9 728,6)
900
12 100
(2 720,3)
14 820
(3 331,7)
24 200
(5 440,5)
14 785
(10 905,1)
10 455
(7 711,4)
20 910
(15 422,7)
1 500
16 005
(3 598,1)
19 600
(4 406,3)
32 005
(7 195,1)
18 415
(13 582,4)
13 020
(9 603,2)
26 045
(19 210,1)
2 500
17 865
(4 016,3)
21 880
(4 918,9)
35 725
(8 031,4)
19 950
(14 714,6)
14 110
(10 407,2)
28 215
(20 810,6)
150 (6)
200 (8)
Page 88 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Pipe size
DN (NPS)
ASME
Class
P
(N) (lbf)
VL, VC
(N) (lbf)
FR
(N) (lbf)
MT
(Nm) (ft lbf)
ML, MC
(Nm) (ft lbf)
MR
(Nm) (ft lbf)
250 (10)
150
8 070
(1 814,3)
9 880
( 2 221,2)
16 135
(3 627,4)
12 755
(9 407,8)
9 020
(6 652,9)
18 040
(13 305,8)
300
10 910
(2 452,7)
13 360
(3 003,5)
21 820
(4 905,4)
16 820
(12 406,0)
11 895
(8 773,5)
23 780
(17 539,5)
600
12 840
(2 886,6)
15 730
(3 536,3)
25 680
(5 773,2)
19 460
(14 353,2)
13 760
(10 149,0)
27 520
(20 298,0)
900
17 795
(4 000,5)
21 795
(4 899,8)
35 595
(8 002,2)
25 755
(18 996,2)
18 210
(13 431,2)
36 425
(26 866,1)
1 500
22 920
(5 152,7)
28 075
(6 311,6)
45 845
(10 306,5)
31 555
(23 274,1)
22 315
(16 459,0)
44 630
(32 917,9)
2 500
27 150
(6 103,6)
33 250
(7 475,0)
54 300
(12 207,2)
35 800
(26 405,1)
25 315
(18 671,7)
50 625
(37 339,6)
150
9 880
(2 221,2)
12 100
(2 720,3)
19 755
(4 441,2)
17 520
(12 922,3)
12 390
(9 138,6)
24 780
(18 277,1)
300
10 665
(2 397,6)
13 065
(2 937,2)
21 335
(4 796,4)
18 830
(13 888,5)
13 315
(9 820,8)
26 630
(19 641,6)
600
17 665
(3 971,3)
21 635
(4 863,8)
35 330
(7 942,6)
29 840
(22 009,2)
21 100
(15 562,8)
42 200
(31 125,6)
900
25 010
(5 622,5)
30 630
(6 886,0)
50 020
(11 245,0)
40 250
(29 687,3)
28 460
(20 991,3)
56 925
(41 986,3)
1 500
32 930
(7 403,0)
40 330
(9 066,6)
65 860
(14 806,0)
50 160
(36 996,7)
35 470
(26 161,7)
70 940
(52 323,4)
2 500
37 630
(8 459,7)
46 085
(10 360,4)
75 255
(16 918,1)
55 395
(40 857,8)
39 170
(28 890,7)
78 340
(57 781,4)
150
10 875
(2 444,9)
13 320
(2 994,5)
21 795
(4 899,8)
19 870
(14 655,6)
14 050
(10 362,9)
28 100
(20 725,8)
300
12 640
(2 841,6)
15 485
(3 481,2)
25 285
(5 684,4)
22 895
(16 886,8)
16 200
(11 948,7)
32 375
(23 878,9)
600
21 150
(4 754,8)
25 905
(5 823,8)
42 300
(9 509,5)
36 635
(27 021,0)
25 905
(19 106,9)
51 810
(38 213,7)
900
30 050
(6 755,6)
36 805
(8 274,2)
60 095
(13 510,0)
49 580
(36 568,9)
35 060
(25 859,3)
70 115
(51 714,9)
1 500
41 830
(9 403,9)
51 235
(11 518,2)
83 665
(18 808,8)
64 465
(47 547,6)
45 585
(33 622,3)
91 170
(67 244,5)
2 500
61 185
(13 755,1)
74 940
(16 847,3)
122 370
(27 510,1)
83 345
(61 473,0)
58 935
(43 468,9)
117 870
(86 937,7)
300 (12)
350 (14)
Page 89 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Pipe size
DN (NPS)
ASME
Class
P
(N) (lbf)
VL, VC
(N) (lbf)
FR
(N) (lbf)
MT
(Nm) (ft lbf)
ML, MC
(Nm) (ft lbf)
MR
(Nm) (ft lbf)
400 (16)
150
12 470
(2 803,4)
15 275
(3 434,0)
24 940
(5 606,8)
24 340
(17 952,6)
17 215
(12 697,4)
34 425
(25 391,0)
300
16 495
(3 708,3)
20 200
(4 541,2)
32 985
(7 415,4)
31 700
(23 381,1)
22 415
(16 532,7)
44 830
(33 065,4)
600
27 225
(6 120,5)
33 345
(7 496,3)
54 445
(12 239,8)
50 125
(36 970,8)
35 445
(26 143,3)
70 890
(52 286,5)
900
38 345
(8 620,4)
46 965
(10 558,3)
76 690
(17 240,7)
67 405
(49 716,1)
47 660
(35 152,7)
95 325
(70 309,1)
1 500
52 085
(11 709,3)
63 795
(14 341,8)
104 170
(23 418,5)
86 180
(63 564,0)
60 940
(44 947,7)
121 880
(89 895,3)
2 500
74 145
(16 668,6)
90 815
(20 416,2)
148 290
(33 337,1)
110 400
(81 428,0)
78 065
(57 578,6)
156 130
(115 157,2)
150
14 065
(3 162,0)
17 230
(3 873,5)
28 130
(6 324,0)
28 665
(21 142,5)
20 270
(14 950,6)
40 535
(29 897,5)
300
20 855
(4 688,5)
25 545
(5 742,8)
41 715
(9 378,0)
41 630
(30 705,2)
29 435
(21 710,5)
58 870
(43 420,9)
600
34 060
(7 657,1)
41 715
(9 378,0)
68 120
(15 314,1)
65 210
(48 097,1)
46 110
(34 009,5)
92 220
(68 018,9)
900
48 650
(10 937,1)
59 585
(13 395,4)
97 295
(21 872,9)
88 770
(65 474,3)
62 770
(46 297,4)
125 540
(92 594,8)
1 500
65 855
(14 804,9)
80 660
(18 133,2)
131 710
(29 609,8)
113 180
(83 478,4)
80 030
(59 027,9)
160 065
(118 059,5)
2 500
93 195
(20 951,2)
114 140
(25 659,9)
186 385
(41 901,3)
144 465
(106 553,4)
102 155
(75 346,7)
204 310
(150 693,4)
150
15 050
(3 383,4)
18 435
(4 144,4)
30 105
(6 768,0)
35 175
(25 944,1)
24 875
(18 347,2)
49 745
(36 690,6)
300
21 810
(4 903,2)
26 715
(6 005,9)
43 620
(9 806,3)
50 020
(36 893,4)
35 370
(26 088,0)
70 745
(52 179,6)
600
37 005
(8 319,1)
45 320
(10 188,4)
74 005
(16 637,1)
81 250
(59 927,8)
57 455
(42 377,2)
114 910
(84 754,4)
900
52 505
(11 803,7)
64 305
(14 456,5)
105 010
(23 607,4)
110 055
(81 173,5)
77 820
(57 397,9)
155 645
(114 799,4)
1 500
67 175
(15 101,7)
82 275
(18 496,3)
134 345
(30 202,2)
134 465
(99 177,7)
95 085
(70 132,1)
190 165
(140 260,4)
2 500
99 125
(22 284,3)
121 405
(27 293,1)
198 250
(44 568,6)
178 055
(131 328,4)
125 905
(92 864,0)
251 810
(185 728,0)
450 (18)
500 (20)
Page 90 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Pipe size
DN (NPS)
ASME
Class
P
(N) (lbf)
VL, VC
(N) (lbf)
FR
(N) (lbf)
MT
(Nm) (ft lbf)
ML, MC
(Nm) (ft lbf)
MR
(Nm) (ft lbf)
550 (22)
150
15 630
(3 513,8)
19 140
(4 302,9)
31 260
(7 027,6)
41 790
(30 823,2)
29 ,550
(21 795,3)
59 105
(43 594,2)
300
22 110
(4 970,6)
27 080
(6 087,9)
44 215
(9 940,0)
58 120
(42 867,7)
41 100
(30 314,3)
82 200
(60 628,5)
600
38 865
(8 737,3)
47 600
(10 701,0)
77 730
(17 474,5)
97 650
(72 023,9)
69 ,050
(50 929,4)
138 100
(101 858,7)
900
54 795
(12 318,5)
67 110
(15 087,1)
109 585
(24 635,9)
131 ,605
(97 068,2)
93 ,060
(68 638,5)
186 120
(137 276,9)
1 500
74 895
(16 837,2)
91 840
(20 646,6)
149 970
(33 714,8)
169 ,585
(125 081,2)
119 915
(88 446,0)
239 830
(176 891,9)
2 500
107 155
(24 089,6)
131 245
(29 505,2)
214 310
(48 179,1)
218 390
(161 078,4)
154 425
(113 899,6)
308 855
(227 802,8)
150
16 670
(3 747,6)
20 420
(4 590,7)
33 340
(7 495,2)
50 955
(37 583,0)
36 030
(26 574,8)
72 065
(53 153,2)
300
22 755
(5 115,6)
27 870
(6 265,5)
45 510
(10 231,2)
68 475
(50 505,3)
48 420
(35 713,3)
96 840
(71 426,5)
600
39 400
(8 857,6)
48 255
(10 848,3)
78 800
(17 715,1)
113 445
(83 673,9)
80 220
(59 168,1)
160 440
(118 336,1)
900
57 040
(12 823,2)
69 865
(15 706,4)
114 085
(25 647,5)
156 400
(115 356,3)
110 590
(81 568,1)
221 180
(163 136,2)
1 500
76 260
(17 144,1)
92 405
(20 773,6)
152 520
(34 288,1)
197 660
(145 788,5)
139 770
(103 090,5)
279 535
(206 177,2)
2 500
108 905
(24 483,0)
133 390
(29 987,5)
217 810
(48 965,9)
254 550
(187 749,0)
179 995
(132 759,3)
359 990
(265 518,6)
150
18 091
(4 067,1)
22 158
(4 981,4)
36 183
(8 134,4)
60 101
(44 328,9)
42 498
(31 345,4)
84 996
(62 690,7)
300
25 432
(5 717,4)
31 149
(7 002,7)
50 864
(11 434,8)
83 141
(61 322,5)
58 790
(43 361,9)
117 581
(86 724,5)
600
44 227
(9 942,7)
54 169
(12 177,8)
88 454
(19 885,4)
138 603
(102 229,7)
98 808
(72 878,1)
196 016
(144 575,9)
900
62 160
(13 974,2)
76 133
(17 115,5)
124 320
(27 948,4)
186 779
(137 763,0)
132 074
(97 414,1)
264 148
(194 828,2)
1 500
95 439
(21 455,7)
116 894
(26 279,0)
190 879
(42 911,6)
263 915
(194 656,3)
186 618
(137 644,2)
373 236
(275 288,4)
2 500
143 549
(32 271,3)
175 818
(39 525,7)
287 098
(64 542,6)
347 240
(256 114,5)
245 538
(181 102,0)
491 077
(362 204,7)
600 (24)
660 (26)
Page 91 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Pipe size
DN (NPS)
ASME
Class
P
(N) (lbf)
VL, VC
(N) (lbf)
FR
(N) (lbf)
MT
(Nm) (ft lbf)
ML, MC
(Nm) (ft lbf)
MR
(Nm) (ft lbf)
750 (30)
150
20 929
(4 705,1)
25 634
(5 762,8)
41 859
(9 410,4)
80 637
(59 475,6)
57 020
(42 056,4)
114 040
(84 112,8)
300
32 639
(7 337,6)
39 976
(8 987,1)
65 278
(14 675,2)
123 367
(90 992,1)
87 234
(64 341,4)
174 469
(128 683,5)
600
57 483
(12 922,8)
70 405
(15 827,8)
114 967
(25 845,8)
208 363
(153 682,7)
147 336
(108 670,9)
294 673
(217 342,6)
900
82 646
(18 579,7)
101 225
(22 756,4)
165 293
(37 159,6)
286 600
(211 388,2)
202 659
(149 475,6)
405 318
(298 951,2)
1 500
126 564
(28 452,9)
155 016
(34 849,2)
253 128
(56 905,8)
404 222
(298 142,8)
285 830
(210 820,2)
571 661
(421 641,1)
2 500
190 461
(42 817,6)
233 277
(52 443,1)
380 922
(85 635,1)
532 377
(392 666,4)
376 451
(277 659,7)
752 902
(555 319,4)
Page 92 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
Annex G
(Normative)
G.2.
G.3
General
a.
This annex applies to the design of ladders and platforms supported off pressure vessels.
b.
Layout
a.
Arrangement of ladders and platforms on vertical vessels shall be as detailed in Figure G.1
specifying elevation of service platforms relative to manways, maximum ladder run and
minimum distance between platforms.
b.
The standout of circular platforms and ladders from the vessel shall be in conformance to
PIP STF05535.
c.
Platform arrangements shall be amended to allow access around vertical piping passing
through the platform, see PIP STF05530 pages 6 and 7, but for columns over 40 m
(130 ft), platforms and ladders shall be orientated around the circumference of vessel to
avoid vertical piping.
Platforms
a.
The minimum recommended clearance between the face of a manway cover and
equipment, such as control valves or handrails, shall be 0,9 m (3 ft). Minimum clearances
between manways, valves, ladders, and handrails shall be as shown in Figure G.2 and
Table G.1.
b.
Clearances for platforms at the top head of pressure vessel shall be as shown in Figure G.3.
c.
Typical details of vessel platforms are shown in PIP STE05535 and PIP STF05535.
d.
Unless otherwise specified in Purchase Order, floor gratings shall be fitted. Gratings shall
be laid with grating bearing bars spanning across the long span, see PIP STF05530 and
PIP STF05535 pages 5 and 6.
Page 93 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
LADDER RUN
2440mm (96 in)
9140mm
(360 in) MAX.
MINIMUM
ACCESS PER
PURCHASERS SPECIFICATION
915mm TO 1525mm
(36 in TO 60 in)
MAINTENANCE &
VALVE ACCESS
C/L MAINTENANCE
ACCESS
450mm TO 2060mm
(18 in TO 81 in)
PLATFORM
[TYPICAL]
INTERMEDIATE
PLATFORM TO
SUIT MAXIMUM
LADDER RUN
ALTERNATIVE VALVE
ACCESS WITH OR
WITHOUT EXTENSION
STEM
305mm (12 in) MINIMUM
T.L.
LADDER
[TYPICAL]
GRADE
Page 94 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
N
MI
m IN)
7m M
45 8 i n
(1
N
MI )
m
IN
7m n M
5
i
4 8
(1
DAVIT
POINT
LADDER
CAGE
VESSEL
LADDER
CAGE
DAVIT
POINT
PROVIDE
PARTIAL
CAGE
LADDER
CAGE
VESSEL
A IS SHOWN IN TABLE Z.1
TYPE 1
PLATFORM AT MANHOLE
61
0
( 24 mm
in MIN
MI
N)
LADDER
CAGE
TYPE 2
INTERMEDIATE LANDING AT MANHOLE
VESSEL
WITH OR WITHOUT
VALVE
N
MI
m IN)
7m M
4 5 8 in
(1
IN
M )
m IN
7m n M
45 8 i
(1
LADDER
CAGE
LADDER
CAGE
PROVIDE
PARTIAL
CAGE
EXTRA BARS
VESSEL
TYPE 4
PLATFORM AT NOZZLE
TYPE 3
INTERMEDIATE LANDING
Dimension A
0,6 m (2 ft)
0,75 m (2 ft 6 in)
0,9 m (3 ft)
1,1 m (3 ft 6 in)
Page 95 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013
DIMENSION TO PERMIT
REMOVAL OF FLANGE
BOLTS
PLATFORM
G.4.
G.5.
Ladders complete with cages and safety gates, shall provide access to vessel platforms in
conformance to standard drawings PIP STE05501 and PIP STF05501.
b.
c.
Handrailing
a.
Handrailing shall conform to standard drawings PIP STF05520 and PIP STF05521
b.
c.
Page 96 of 96
GPO-EN-SPE-46010
10 October 2013