2013

Design of Industrial building

Priyabrata Bhuyan
(2010CE10384)

Mayank Jyoti Verma

(2010CE10363)
Rahul Jain
(2010CE10389)
Arman Singh Patel
(2010CE10334)

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CEL 332: Design of Steel Structure

COURSE PROJECT
ON

DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL
BUILDING

SUBMITTED BY:Priyabrata Bhuyan (2010CE10384)

Mayank Jyoti Verma (2010CE10363)
Rahul Jain (2010CE10389)
Arman Singh Patel (2010CE10334)

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DECLARATION
a) The work contained in this report has been done under the guidance of Supervisor.
b) The work has not been submitted to any other institute for any degree or diploma.
c) We have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical code of conduct of
the Institute.
DATE:
SIGNATURE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to acknowledge our Supervisor Dr. Vasant Matsagar for all his support and
motivation during the course of the project. We would also like to extend our acknowledgments
to the teaching assistants Naseef Ummer and Ankit for all the help they have done to us. This
would have not have been possible without the support of our friends. Last but not the least; we
would like to extend our thanks to the almighty God for giving us strength to finish this project.

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CONTENT

Sl. No.

Topic

Page No.

Objective

Identification of Truss and load calculation

Design of G.I.Sheets

Analysis of Truss

10

Design of Truss members

13

Summary of design of Truss members

22

Design of Purlin

24

Design of Gantry Girder

27

Design of Column

40

10

Design of Wind Girt

48

11

Design of Base Plate

50

12

Design of Foundation

53

13

Design Summary

54

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Objective
Design of an industrial structure in steel construction located in Jaipur considering various
possible loading conditions

Problem Statement:
1. Live Load = 0.75 KN/m2
2. Dead Load = Self weight + 20% Extra
3. Crane Capacity = 250 KN
4. Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 18 KN/m2
5. Span Length (L) = 8 m
6. Bay Length (10 nos.) = 5 m
7. Height (H1) = 7 m
8. Height (H2) = 6 m

Codes Used:

IS800:2007 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN STEEL-CODE OF PRACTICE

IS875(PART 3): 1987 WIND LOADS ON STRUCTURES

Material Used:
STEEL GRADE E250 (Fe 410):
fy = 250MPa
fu = 410MPa
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Identification of truss and load

calculation
Type of Truss
From the table 14.4 of the book,
We take Pratt truss, for given span length of 8m.

Depth calculation of truss

Range of depth for Pratt truss= [

L/5= 1.6m and L/6= 1.33m.

Lets take depth of the truss be 1.4m.
To bring uniformity in design and easy in calculation of load lets take the distance
between purlins be= 4.23/3= 1.41m.

Thus the truss that is determined to be done for the industrial shed is as follows:

Calculation for dead load:

G. I. Sheeting:
Fixings:
Services:
TOTAL:

0.085 KN/
0.025 KN/
0.100 KN/
0.210 KN/

For 5m bay length,

1. Roof dead load = 0.21*8.48*5= 8.904KN.
2. Weight of purlin (assuming 70N/ ) = .07*8*5= 2.8KN

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Self-weight of one truss:

o w = {(L/3) + 5} x10 = {(8/3) + 5} x10 = 0.077KN/
(by IBR)
o w = 53.7+0.53A= 0.0749 KN/
(by Subramanian)
Following IBR principle,
3. Self-weight of one truss, W= 0.077*8*5= 3.08KN.
4. Weight of bracing (assuming 20N/ )= 0.02*8*5= 0.8KN
Hence,
dead load = wt. of sheeting + wt. of purlin + self-wt. of truss + wt. of bracing
= 8.904+2.8+3.08+0.8= 15.584 KN
Total dead load (considering 20% extra) = 15.584*1.2= 18.701 KN
Dead load at nodes:

At intermediate node =

At end node= 1.56KN

= 3.117KN

Calculation for live load

Live load = 0.75-( -10)*0.02

= 0.564 KN/
Reduction due to slope = 2/3*0.564
= 0.376 KN/
Total live load= 0.376*8*5= 15.04KN

(Table 3.7, Footnote 3, Subramanian)

Live load at nodes:

At intermediate node =

At end node = 1.26KN

= 2.51KN

Wind Load Calculation:Area= Jaipur

Category 3 (IS code 875)
Basic wind speed = 47m/s.
Design wind speed= =
= 0.9909 =1.
=0.82
=1
=1
= 47*1*0.82*1*1
= 38.54m/s

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*
* *
(From formula)
(Class C, Category 3)
(ground level)
(non-cyclonic zone)

Basic wind pressure,

= 0.5*
= 0.6
= 0.6*38.542
= 891.999 N/
= 0.892 KN/

Then, h/w= 7/8= 0.875

Force on individual elements =
(
External pressure coefficient
Internal pressure coefficient
from table 5, IS875 Part 3
0.2

Degree

Wind Angle,
EF
-1.1
-0.728
-0.7

10
20

Case 1:

GH
-0.6
-0.507
-0.5

Windward:

Leeward:

FH
-0.6
-0.6
-0.6

= -0.728+0.2= -0.528
= -0.507+0.2= -0.307

, External-Internal:-

Windward:

Leeward:

Case 3:

, External+Internal:-

Windward:

Leeward:

Case 4:

= -0.728-0.2= -0.928
= -0.507-0.2= -0.707

= -0.8+0.2= -0.6
= -0.6+0.2= -0.4

, External-Internal:-

Windward:

Leeward:

Design wind pressure,

= -0.8-0.2= -1.0
= -0.6-0.2= -0.8

= - 0.892 KN/
= 892 N/
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Wind Angle,
EG
-0.8
-0.8
-0.8

, External + Internal:-

Case 2:

(away from roof)

Wind load per panel joint =

= 6.304KN

Wind load at nodes:

At intermediate node= 6.304KN
At end node= 3.152KN

Design of G.I. sheet

Assuming 750mm wide, 1mm thick, 18mm deep
Wind load/m= 0.75*892= 0.669 KN/
Bending moment =

=
= 0.084

Nmm

Section modulus, Z = (4/15)*b*d*t

(Subramanian)
= 4068
Then, 0.084 = 4068*.75*165
L = 2448 mm.
Required length of sheet = L+ end lap
= 2448 + 150
= 2598 mm (Maximum length of sheet that can withstand wind pressure)
Spacing between purlin= 1.41m < 2.598m (SAFE)
Take G.I. sheeting of length 4400/2=2200mm.
G.I. Sheeting Specifications:
Length 2200mm
Width 750mm
Thickness- 1mm
Depth18mm

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Analysis of Truss
The loadings are applied on the Pratt truss then various loading conditions are analyzed to
find out the compression and tension forces for which the truss members are to be designed.

Dead load analysis In STAAD

Live Load Analysis in STAAD

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Wind Load Analysis in ST

Various loading combinations:

Load combination1 = 1.5(DL+LL)

Load combination2 =1.5(DL+WL)
Load combination3 =1.2(DL+LL+WL)

Analysis of truss after applying various loading conditions:-

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After analysis of truss model in STAAD, we make envelope of the highest required loads,
and group the members as follows:

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Design of Truss Members:(I) Principal Rafter:

L = 1.41 m
Design Compressive Load = 63.858KN = 64 KN
Design Tensile Load = 32.149 KN = 33 KN
Effective length = 1 1410 = 1410 mm
For, KL/r = 100, and Buckling Class
[Table 10, IS800]
fcd = 107 MPa
[Table 7(c), IS800]
P = fcd A
Therefore, required cross section area = 64 103/107 = 598.1 mm2
Take 2 ISA 40 40 5 back-to-back
[Steel Table]
2
Total area = 756 mm2 > 598.1 mm
Minimum Moment of Inertia is @ z-z axis = 2Izz = 2 * 5.4 = 10.8 cm4
rzz = rmin = 12
KL/r = 1 1410/12 = 117.528 < 180 OK
Buckling Class C
Fcd = 87 MPa
[Table 9(c), IS800]
Load Capacity = 65.77 KN > 64 KN
Hence Ok!!

Check for local buckling:

b/t = 40/5 = 8<15.7
d/t = 40/5 = 8<15.7
(b+d)/t = 80/5 = 16 < 25
Hence Ok!!
Check for tension:
(a) Check for Yielding of gross section
[6.2, Pg 32, IS Code 800: 2007]
Tdg = Ag fy/mo
= 756 250/1.1 = 171.818 KN (> 33 KN OK)
(b) Rupture of Net Section
Welded Connection:
Using welded connection of size of weld = 4 mm
13 | P a g e

[6.3.3 Pg 33, IS Code 800: 2007]

Weld Strength/mm = 0.707 S fuw/3 1/m1 = 522.479 N/mm

Weld length required for each ISA = 33 103/ (2 522.479) = 31.58 mm
L1 /L2= 28.4/11.6 = 2.448
Use L2 = 8.93 mm = 9 mm and L1 = 22 mm

Lc = length of connection = 9mm

Anc = 2 (40 2.5) 5 = 375 mm2
Therefore, Tdn = 0.9 Anc fu/m1 + Ago fy/ mo
= 1.4 0.076 ( /)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc)
bs= shear leg width = 40 mm
w = width of outstanding leg = 40 mm
t = thickness = 5 mm
= 1.4 0.076 (40/5) (250/410) (40/22)
= 0.73 (> 0.7 OK)
Also, 0.73 < (fy mo / fu m1 ) = 1.44 OK
Tdn = 0.9 375 410/1.25 + 0.73 325 250/1.1
= 164.62 kN (> 33 kN OK)
(c) Block Shear Strength

[6.4.1 Pg 33, IS 800:2007]

At the end, connected leg is only welded along the length of the member; block shear
failure will only be along weld line by shear
Total weld length = 31 mm for ISA 40 40 5
Tdb1= Avg fy/ 3m0
= 2315250/ (3 * 1.1)
= 40.676 kN > 33 kN OK
14 | P a g e

Or
Tdb2 = 0.9 Avn fu/ 3m1
= 0.92315410 / 31.25
= 52.834 > 33 kN OK

(II) Design of Tie member:

Design Compression Load=28.78kN
Design Tension Load = 60.27kN
Since 2T > C, design for tension and check for compression.
Tdn= Anfu/m1
61=0.8*An*410/1.25
An=232.46 mm2
Take ISA 40X40X4
Area=307 mm2
(a) Check for Yielding of gross section,
Tdg = Agfy/m0
= 307*250/1.1
= 69.77 kN > 61 kN
[So, SAFE]
(b) Check for Rupture,
Tdn=0.9Anc (fu/m1) + Ag0(fy/m0)
=1.4-0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc)
(fum0/fym1)
Using welded connection of size of weld= 4mm,
Weld strength /mm= 0.707*S*(fuw/ )*(1/m1)
=522.477 N/mm
Weld length required =61000/522.47
= 116.75 mm
Centre of gravity= 11.2mm

L1=84.06 mm=85mm
L2=32.69 mm= 35mm

15 | P a g e

 = 1.4-0.076(40/4)(250/410)(40/60)
= 1.09 1.44
0.7
Anc= (40-2)*4=152 mm2
Ag0=136mm2
Tdn=0.9*152 (410/1.25)+1.09*136(250/1.1)
=78.56kN

61kN

[So, SAFE]

(c) Check for Block Shear,

Tdb1= Avg fy/ 3m0
= 120*4*250/ (3 * 1.1)
= 62.98 kN
Or
Tdb2 = 0.9Avnfu/ 3m1
= 0.9*120*4410 / 31.25
= 81.8 kN
So, Tdb=62.98 kN > 61kN
(d) Check for Buckling,
b/t= 40/4 =10 < 15.7
d/t= 40/4 =10 < 15.7
16 | P a g e

[So, SAFE]

(b+d)/t= 80/4 =20 < 25

[So, NO BUCKLING]

(e) Check for compression,

L=4/3 m, Buckling Class C.
K=1 (Since, hinged on both sides)
(KL/r)= 4/(3*12.1)
=110.19
So, fcd= 94.38MPa

(by interpolation)

Pd=fcdA
=94.38*307 kN
=28.97 kN
> 28.78 kN

[So, SAFE]

(III) Inclined Members:

L = 1.628 m
Design Compressive Strength = 14.715KN, take it as 15 KN
Design Tensile Strength = 9.315 KN, take it as 10 KN
For

= 100

Buckling Class C
10, IS800]

[Table

Therefore, fcd = 107 MPa

7(c), IS800]

[Table

P = fcd A
Therefore, required cross section area = 15000/107 = 140.187 mm2
Take ISA 20 20 3
Total area = 141 mm2 > 140.187 mm2
Table]
Minimum Moment of Inertia is about z-z axis = Izz
Thus, rzz = rmin = 5.8 mm
17 | P a g e

[Steel

= 1 1628/5.8 = 280.269 > 180 NOT OK

Take ISA 40 40 3
Total area = 234 mm2 > 140.187 mm2

[Steel Table]

Minimum Moment of Inertia is about z-z axis = Izz

Thus, rzz = rmin = 12.1 mm
= 1 1628/12.1 = 134.545 > 180 OK
fcd = 70 MPa

[Table 9(c), IS800]

Load capacity, P = 70 * 234 = 16.38 KN > 15 kN OK

Check for local buckling,
b/t = 40/3 = 13.333 < 15.7
d/t = 40/3 = 13.333 < 15.7 OK
Check for Tension
(a) Yielding
Tdg = Agfy / mo

[6.2 Pg 32, IS 800:2007]

= 234*250/1.1 = 53 KN ( > 10 KN OK)

(b) Rupture of Net Section
Tdn = 0.9Anfu/m1

[6.3.3 Pg 33, IS 800:2007]

This depends on length of connection,

Using welded connection of size of weld = 4 mm
Weld Strength/mm =

= 517.30 N/mm

Weld length required for each ISA = 10000/517.306 = 19.331 mm

l1/l2 = (40-10.8) / 10.8 = 2.7
Use l1 = 15 mm and l2 = 6 mm

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 = 1.4 0.076 ( /)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc) = 1.4 - .076*(40/3)*(250/410)*(40/15)

= -0.247 < 0.7 thus take = 0.7
Tdn = 0.9*(203/2)*(410/1.25) + 0.7*203*250/1.1
= 71.756 KN > (10 KN OK)
(c) Block Shear Strength

[6.4.1 Pg 33, IS 800:2007]

Total weld length = 37 mm

Avg = Avn =0.7 *S*L = .7*37*4 = 103.6 mm
Tdb = Avg fy/ 3mo = 13.593 > 10 KN OK
Or Tdb = 0.9 Avn fu / 3m1 = 17.615 > 10 KN OK
Hence, Section is adequate.

(IV) Vertical Members:

L = 1.4 m
Design Compressive Strength = 10.686 KN, take it as 11 KN
Design Tensile Strength = 16.881 KN, take it as 17 KN
For

= 100,

Buckling Class C
19 | P a g e

[Table 10, IS800]

Therefore, fcd = 107 MPa

[Table 7(c), IS800]

P = fcd A
Therefore, required cross section area = 11000/107 = 102.804 mm2
Due to higher value of tension we need to take higher section.
Take ISA 35 35 3
Total area = 203 mm2 > 102.804 mm2

[Steel Table]

Minimum Moment of Inertia is about z-z axis = Izz

Thus, rzz = rmin = 10.5 mm
= 1 1400/10.5 = 133.333 < 180 OK
fcd = 70 MPa

[Table 9(c), IS800]

Load capacity, P = 70 * 203 = 14.21 KN > 11 KN OK

Check for local buckling:
b/t = 35/3 = 11.67 < 15.7
d/t = 35/3 = 11.67 < 15.7 OK
Check for Tension:
(a) Yielding

[6.2 Pg 32, IS 800:2007]

Tdg = Agfy / mo = 204*250/1.1 = 46.14 KN ( > 17 KN OK)

(b) Rupture of Net Section

[6.3.3 Pg 33, IS 800:2007]

Tdn = 0.9Anfu/m1
This depends on length of connection,
Using welded connection of size of weld = 4 mm
Weld Strength/mm =

= 517.306 N/mm

Weld length required for each ISA = 17000/517.306

= 32.86 mm,
Take 40 mm (to take care of block shear failure)
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Cyy = 9.5 mm
l1/l2 = (35 9.5) / 9.5 = 2.684
Use l1 = 30 mm and l2 = 12 mm

= 1.4 0.076 ( /)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc)

= -0.769 ( > 0.7 ok )
Tdn = 0.9*(203/2)*(410/1.25) + 0.769*203*250/1.1
= 62.258 KN > (17 KN OK)
(c) Block Shear Strength

[6.4.1 Pg 33, IS 800:2007]

Total weld length = 42 mm

Avg = Avn = 117.6 mm
Tdb = Avg fy/ 3mo = 15.43 < 17 KN NOT OK
Increase web length to 60 mm
Use l1 = 42 mm and l2 = 18 mm
Tdb = Avg fy/ 3mo = 22.044 > 17 KN OK
Or Tdb = 0.9 Avn fu / 3m1 = 28.63 > 17 KN OK
Hence, Section is adequate.
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Summary of design of truss members

Member
Principal
Rafter
7

Length(m)

Section

W/m (N)

W(N)

1.41

29.4

41.454

1.41

29.4

41.454

1.41

29.4

41.454

10

1.41

29.4

41.454

11

1.41

29.4

41.454

12

1.41

2 ISA 40 40
5 back-to-back
2 ISA 40 40
5 back-to-back
2 ISA 40 40
5 back-to-back
2 ISA 40 40
5 back-to-back
2 ISA 40 40
5 back-to-back
2 ISA 40 40
5 back-to-back

29.4

41.454

0.467
0.933
1.4
0.933
0.467

ISA 35 35 3
ISA 35 35 3
ISA 35 35 3
ISA 35 35 3
ISA 35 35 3

15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7

7.332
14.648
21.98
7.332
14.648

1.41
1.627
1.627
1.41

ISA 40 40 3
ISA 40 40 3
ISA 40 40 3
ISA 40 40 3

17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7

24.957
28.807
28.807
24.957

1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33

ISA 40X40X4
ISA 40X40X4
ISA 40X40X4
ISA 40X40X4
ISA 40X40X4
ISA 40X40X4

23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.5

31.325
31.325
31.325
31.325
31.325
31.325

Vertical
Members
13
15
17
19
21
Inclined
Members
14
16
18
20
Tie Members
1
2
3
4
5
6

Zero force members (13, 21) are also given similar sections to bring uniformity.

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Factored load due to combinations:

a) Load combination1 = 1.5(DL+LL)
wz1= 1.5*(0.21+0.376)*cos (19.30)*1.41
= 1.17 KN/m
wy1= 1.5*(0.21+0.376)*sin (19.30)*1.41
= 0.41 KN/m
b) Load combination2 =1.5(DL+WL)
wz2= 1.5*(0.21*cos (19.30) + (-0.892))*1.41
= -1.467 KN/m
wy2= 1.5*(0.21+0)*sin (19.30)*1.41
= 0.1468 KN/m
c) Load combination3 =1.2(DL+LL+WL)
wz3= 1.2*(0.586*cos (19.30) + (-0.892))*1.41
= -0.573 KN/m
wy3= 1.2*(0.568+0)*sin (19.30)*1.41
= 0.328 KN/m

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Design of purlin (open web joists):Span of purlin= 5m

Spacing of purlin= 1.41m

D.L. =0.21*1.41 = 0.2961 kN/m

L.L. = 0.564*1.41 = 0.795 kN/m
W.L. = 0.892*1.41 = 1.26 kN/m
Wdz =0.2961 * cos 19.3 = 0.2795 kN/m
Wlz =0.795 * cos 19.3 = 0.7504 kN/m
Wwz = -1.26 kN/m
Wdy =0.2961 * sin 19.3 = 0.098 kN/m
Wly =0.795 * sin 19.3 = 0.263 kN/m
Wwy = 0 kN/m
Z-direction
W.L. + D.L. + L.L. = 1.2*(1.26+0.2795+0.7504)
= 2.748 kN/m
D.L. + L.L. = 1.5*(0.2795+0.7504)
= 1.545 kN/m
D.L. + W.L. = 1.5*(0.2795+1.26)
= 2.31 kN/m
Y-direction
W.L. + D.L. + L.L. = 1.2*(0.098+0.263+0)
= 0.433 kN/m
D.L. + L.L. = 1.5*(0.098+0.263)
= 0.542 kN/m
D.L. + W.L. = 1.5*(0.098+0)
24 | P a g e

= 0.147 kN/m
So,
Mz= 2.748*(52/10) = 6.87 kNm
My= 0.542*(52/10) = 1.355 kNm
SFz= 2.748*(5/2) =6.87 kN
SFy= 0.542*(5/2) =1.355 kN
Taking 2*ISA 75X50X10
M=C*D
6.87*103= (0.6*250*1152)*D
D=39.76mm
Taking D=100mm
Iyy =2*21.8*104 mm4
=43.6*104 mm4
Izz =2*(62.3*104+1152*(50+75-26)2) mm4
=2382.7*104 mm4
Ze|yy = 43.6*104/36.4
=11978.022
Ze|zz = 2382.7*104/99
=240676.767
Mdy=(1.2/1.1)*fy*Ze
= 3.267 kNm
Mdz= (1.2/1.1)*fy*Ze
= 65.64 kNm
Overall member strength (local capacity),

So, overall strength is dissatisfactory.

Checking for deflection,
25 | P a g e

where,

C=0.6fyA

Deflection =
=4.6928 mm
So, deflection within limits.
Checking for assumption of weight while initial designing,
Wt. of purlin assumed = 0.56 N/m
Actual wt. of purlin = 0.176 N/m
So, conservative side.

26 | P a g e

Design of Gantry girder:

Length of gantry girder = 5m
Crane capacity = 250kN
Self-wt. of crane girder = 250kN
Self-wt. of trolley = 50kN
Span of gantry girder =8m (Lc)
Minimum hook approach, Lh =1.2m

Loading due to Crane:

a) Vertical Loading:
Max static wheel load due to wt. of crane= 250/4
=62.5 kN
Max static wheel load due to crane load= w1 =

= (250+50)*(8-1.2)/(2*8)
= 127.5 kN
Total load due to wt. of crane & crane load = 127.5+62.5
= 190 kN
Deign Load = 1.25*190kN
= 237.5kN
Factored wheel load on each wheel = 237.5 * 1.5 kN
= 356.25 kN

b) Lateral (horizontal) Surge load

Lateral load per wheel = 10% of (hook + crab load)/4
= 0.1* (250+50)/4
= 7.5 kN
Factored lateral load = 1.5 *75 =11.25 kN

27 | P a g e

c) Longitudinal (Horizontal) Brake Load

Horizontal force along the rails = 5% of wheel load
= 0.05 *237.5 kN
= 11.875 kN
Factored load = 1.5 * 11.875 kN
=17.8125 kN

1) Design force (on gantry girder): Bending moment:

a) Bending Moment about z-z axis (Mz):
Absolute max. Bending moment in gantry girder will occur under any wheel load
when distance between that load and c.g. of load system is equidistant from the
center of gantry girder span.
Without considering self-weight
M1 = Wc * L /4 = 445.3 kN
M2 =2 Wc * (L/2 C/4)2 / L
= 2 * 356.25 * (5/2-2.5/4)2 /5
=500.97 kN
M = 500.97 kN
Assuming self-weight of gantry girder is 1.6 kN/m
Total dead load = (1600 + self-weight of rail)
= (1600+ 300) = 1900 N/m =1.9 kN/m
Factored dead load =1.5 * 1.9 = 2.85 kN/m
Bending moment due to dead load = w * L2 /8
= 2.85 * 52 /8
= 8.91 kNm
Drag height= 0.15m, Depth of girder= 0.6m
Reaction due to drag force =
= 17.8125*(0.3+0.15)/5
= 1.603KN
= 3.006KNm
Total design bending moment, Mz = 500.97+8.91+3.006= 512.886KNm
b) Bending Moment about y-y axis (My):
28 | P a g e

Moment due to surge= 2*11.25*

= 15.821KNm

2) Design force (on gantry girder): Shear Force

a) Vertical Shear Force along z-axis on x plane (Vz):
Shear force due to wheel load=
= 356.25(2-2.5/5)
= 534.375KN
Shear force due to dead load= wL/2
= 2.85*5/2
= 7.125KN
Maximum ultimate shear force

=534.375+7.125
= 541.45KN

b) Vertical Shear Force along y-axis on x plane (Vy):

Lateral shear force due to sway load,
= 11.25(2- )
= 16.875KN
Reaction due to drag force= 1.603KN
Maximum ultimate reaction= 541.5+1.603
= 543.103KN

Preliminary Section of Girder:

=1.4*12.886*106/ 250
=2.87*106 mm3

29 | P a g e

Taking ISLB600 with channel ISMC250

Preliminary Section:
ISLB600

ISMC250
2

3867mm2

12669 mm

tf

15.5mm

14.1mm

tw

10.5mm

7.1mm

210mm

80mm

Iz

72867.6*104 mm4

3816.8*104 mm4

Iy

1821.9*104 mm4

219.1*104 mm4

600mm

250mm

Cyy

-----

23mm

Then, hch-2tf > flange width of gantry

250-2*14.1 > 210
221.8 > 210
OK
Elastic properties of built up section:Total area, A= 12669+3867= 16536mm2
Position of neutral axis from bottom extreme fibre of tension flange,
=
=
30 | P a g e

= 331.360mm

Now, Izz= IZB+ABh12+Iy ch+Achh22

= 72867.6*104+12669*(331.36-300)2+ 219.1*104 + 3867*(600+7.1-331.362

23)

= 99033.173*104 mm4
Zez= IZZ/ymax=

= 2.98*106 mm3

Iyy= Iy B+ Iz ch
= 1821.9*104 + 3816.8*104
= 5638.7 *104 mm4
For top flange,
Tension, Itf = bt3/12 = 810.5 x 2103 /12 = 8.10 x 106 mm4
Compression, Icf = Itf + Iz ch = 8.10 x 106 + 3816.8 x 104 = 46.26 x 106 mm4
Zey = Icf/ymax = 46.26 x 106/125 = 370.8 x 103 mm3
Plastic properties of built up section:Z=

Finding equal area axis:

Area of channel + 0.5* Flange area of beam= 3867+210*15.5= 7122mm2
A/2= 8268mm2
Then, 8268= 7122+10.5*x

31 | P a g e

 `X= 109.14mm

Then, = 210*15.5*(475.36- 15.5/2) + 10.5* (475.36-15.5)*475.36/2 +

10.5*109.14*109.14/2+ 15.5*210*(109.14+15.5/2) + 3867*(131.74-23)
Zpz = 3.538*106 mm3

Zpy = 569*

= 0.703*106 mm3

32 | P a g e

Check for moment capacity:Check for buckling:

33 | P a g e

Hence, Section is safe for buckling.

Then, Md =
Calculation of Mcr:
LLT = 1*L = 5000mm (assuming fully restrained in torsion and warping not restrained
in both flanges)
E= 2*105 N/mm2
Iy= 5638.7*104 mm4
K= 1
Kw = warping restrain factor= 1
C 1= 1.046

(Table 42 of IS800:2007)

C2 = 0.43
C3 = 1.12
= 77000N/mm2

G=
Calculation for t1:

3867 = 210*t

34 | P a g e

t= 18.414mm

t1= 18.414+15.5= 33.91mm

=
= 0.85
hy = 607.1-(15.5/2)-(33.91/2)
=582.395mm
yg =
=
= 103.736mm
yj = 0.8

= 0.8
= 184.559mm
It =
=
35 | P a g e

= 3.21*106 mm4
Iw = warping constant
=
= (1-0.85)*0.85*5638.7*104*582.3952
= 2.438*1012 mm6
Then,
{[

Mcr =

]
{[

=
]
=1108.22 KN-m

=
= 0.893

0.898

OK

, for rolled section

= 0.5[1+0.21*(0.893-0.2)+ 0.8932]
= 0.971
[

=
= 0.739

36 | P a g e

1.0
1.0

= 167.954 N/mm2

=
Then,
Mdz =

= 1*167.954*3.54*106
= 594.557 KNm

>

512.886KNm (design bending moment)

=
= 391.180 KNm or 121.18 KNm

> 15.821KNm (moment due to surge)

Check for biaxial bending:

OK

Check for Shear Capacity:

a) Vertical shear force

Hence, safe in vertical shear.

b) Lateral shear force
(

Hence, safe in lateral shear.

Check for Deflection at working load:
Vertical load on each wheel in service (excluding impact)=190 kN
Deflection at midspan = (L-C)/2 = (5000-2333.332)/2 =1333.335 mm

37 | P a g e

= 9.09*108 mm4
Then,

So, Safe in Serviceability.

Check for Web Buckling:
tw= 10.5 mm

Radius of gyration,

Then,
=131.926
Buckling Class C, fy=250 MPa
fcd=73.5 N/mm2
Assumed diameter of wheel =150 mm
b1=150 mm
n1= (600/2) + 2*7.1
=314.2
38 | P a g e

Width of web in strut action= 150 + (314.2*2)

=778.4 mm
Compression capacity of web as a strut= 778.4*10.5*73.5
=600.732 kN > max. Wheel-load= 237.5
Hence, safe.
Check for Web Crushing:
b1= 150mm

n2= (15.5+17)*2.5
=81.25
R1= 17mm

= 745.738 > 237.5

Hence safe.

39 | P a g e

Design of column:
Column between roof truss level and crane level:D.L=9.351 KN (downwards)
L.L=7.53 KN (downwards)
W.L=17.85 KN (upwards)
Design Compression Load= 1.5*16.88
=26 KN
Design Tension Load=1.5*8.491
=14 KN
KL/r =100
fcd=107 N/mm2
Area required =26000/107 =242.99 mm2
Taking ISLB 75,
KL/r =0.8*1000/11.4 =70.175
So, fcd= 151 MPa
Area= 771mm2
Pd=116.421kN >26 KN
(a) Check for Local Buckling,
b/tf =5
< 9.7
d= 75-2*(6.5+5)
d/tw =52/37= 14.05
< 42

[So, SAFE]

[So, SAFE]

Section is plastic.
(b) Check for Tension,
Tdg=Agfy/m0
=771*250/1.1
=175.227kN

40 | P a g e

> 14kN

[So, SAFE]

ISLB 75

Design of main column below crane level:Wind Load:

For Jaipur, Basic Wind speed VB = 47 m/s
Appendix-A)

(IS875 part3

Vz = K1 * K2 * K3 * VB
k1= risk coefficient =1 for 50 years
k2 = 0.88

(Category 3, Class B, Table 2 IS 875 , Part 3 - 1987)

(Slope<30o, Page 12, IS 875 Part 3 -

k3 = 1
1987)
Thus, Vz = 47*1*0.88*1 = 41.36 m/s
Wind pressure, Pz = 0.6 * Vz2
= 0.6*41.36*41.36
= 1.026 kN/ m2

41 | P a g e

(Clause 5.4, Page 12, IS875-1987)

Force on individual elements = Wpe=(CpeCpi)*Pz

Cpe= external pressure coefficient,
Cpi= internal pressure coefficient,
A= surface area of structural element or cladding unit, and
h/w = 7/8 = 0.875 (H1/ span of truss)
0.5< h/w <= 1.5
So for roof angle = 19.3o
From Table 4, IS 875, Part 3 -1987
l/w = 8m / 5m = 1.6 (>=1.5, <4)
External pressure coefficients (Cpe) for pitched roofs of rectangular clad building:
Roof
Angle

Wind Angle
=0
A

19.30

0.7

=900
B
C

-0.3

-0.7

-0.7

-0.5

-0.5

0.7

D
-0.1

Cpi = -0.2 or +0.2

Cpi

(Cpe-Cpi)
=0
A

=900
B
C

0.2

0.5

-0.5

-0.9

-0.9

-0.7

-0.7

0.5

-0.3

-0.2

0.9

-0.1

-0.5

-0.5

-0.3

-0.3

0.9

0.1

Critical Wind load per unit area: (Away from wall), (Coefficient * Pz)
Maximum Coefficient = -0.9 (C or D , =00 )
Area supported by wall for one column = Length of column* Bay Length
= 7*5 m2 = 35 m2
Critical Wind load:
= -0.9*(-1.026)*35 = 32.32 kN
Design Load = 35 KN
Critical Wind load per unit area: (Towards wall)
Maximum Coefficient = 0.9
42 | P a g e

Critical Wind load:

= 0.9*(-1.026)*35 = - 32.32 kN
Thus, Design Load = 35 kN

Designing of column:
Assuming Cladding Weight = 15KN
Spacing provided between two ISHB columns = 0.5m
Maximum Bending Moment = -16.81*0.25 (From reaction of truss) + 11.25*6 (From Surge
Load of crane) + 356.25*0.25 (From vertical crane load) 15*0.25 (From cladding) +35*6/2 (From wind) + 6.371* 0.25
(From gantry girder)
= 255.15 kN-m
Using ISHB300 @ 63kg/m (Pg 138 IS code) (section is determined by KL/ryy)
ryy = 52.9mm ,

D = 300mm,

tf =10.6mm,

tw =9.4mm,

bf=250mm,

Area=8025mm2

R=11.0

Izz=12950.2cm4,

Iyy=2246.7 cm4
Net Axial Force = 16.81kN (Due to truss) +356.25kN (Due to crane) + 63*6/100KN (Due to
column of height H2) + 63*7/100KN (Due to column of height H1)
+15KN (Due to cladding) + 6.371 KN
= 402.61kN
Moment of inertia of combined section = 2*{2246.7*104+8025*2502
= 1048.06*10^6 mm4
Za = Iyy/(B/2+s/2) = 2.79*10^6 mm3
ra = (Iyy/2*Area) = 255.53 mm
b/tf = 125/10.6 = 11.79 > 10.5 (Therefore, section is semi-compact)

Checking local capacity of section:

Nd = Agfy/mo = 2*8025*250/1.1/1000 = 3647 KN
43 | P a g e

{Table2}

{Section 9.3}

n = N/Nd = 402.621/3647
= 0.110
Mda = Ze*fy/mo (Semi-compact section) = 634.09 KN-m
Reduced plastic moment for rolled section = Mnda = 1.1*Mda(1-n)
= 620.774 KN-m< Mda
Interaction equation for cross-section:

{Section 9.1, Page 70}

(Mz/Mnda)2 < 1.0 (2 = 2) {Table 17}

= (255.15/620.774)2 =0.1689 < 1.0 (Safe)
Compressive strength:
KLa/ra = 1.5*6000/255.53 = 35.22
KL/rzz = 0.85*6000/127 = 40.15
Local slenderness between lacings (Assuming 45o lacing, spacing = 750mm) = 750/ryy
= 14.57 < 50, <0.7*46.85 =32.79
{Clause 7.6.6}
L/r of compound column = 1.05*46.85 = 49.19

{Clause 7.6.1.5}

h/bf = 300/250 = 1.2

tf < 100mm
About z-z axis, buckling class=b

{Table 10}

Hence, fcd = 194 N/mm2

{Table 9(b)}

Check for overall buckling:

Assuming bending about z-z axis produces axial forces in the two I-sections of the
compound column.
Axial force = moment/centroidal distance between the two I sections
= 255.152/0.75 = 340.20 kN
Maximum compression in one I-section = 402.621/2 + 340.20
= 541.51 kN
Compression resistance of section = Agfcd/m0
= 8025 * 194/1.1 = 1415.1kN > 542.54 kN
(Therefore safe)
44 | P a g e

Design of lacing between columns:

Let inclination of lacing = 45o (>40o, <70o)
{Clause 7.6.4}
Assuming gauge distance = 140mm
Hence, spacing of lacing bar = (500-70-70) mm
= 360mm
Length of lacing = 360*2 510mm
Slenderness ratio of compound member between
consecutive connections = (360+360)/ryy
= 720/52.9
= 13.61 (< 50, <0.7*105)

{Clause 7.6.5.1}

Width of lacing bar = 3*(nominal diameter of bolt)

= 3*20mm = 60mm

{Clause 7.6.2}

Thickness of lacing = leff/40

= 360*2/40
= 12.72mm 20mm

{Clause 7.6.3}

Hence, size of lacing is 510mmX60mmX20mm @ 45o

Checking slenderness of lacing:
r = (I/y) = t/12 = 5.77mm
leff/r = 360*2/5.77
= 85.23 < 145 (safe) {Clause 7.6.6.3}
Design shear force = 2.5% of maximum compression in I-section= 2.5*(541.51)/100
=13.53 kN{Clause
7.6.6.1}
Hence, compressive force = 13.53/sin (45) 19.145 kN
Maximum force in lowest diagonal = (35+11.25)/cos(45)
= 65.407 KN (Compression)
45 | P a g e

Hence, total force = (65.407+19.145)/2 = 42.276 kN

For l/r = 86.3, fcd = 128

(Table 9(c), IS 800)

Hence, design compressive strength = 128*60*20/1000

= 153.6 KN > 42.276 kN
(safe)
Tensile force = 13.53/cosec (45) 9.57 kN
Tensile strength Rupture = 0.9Anfu/m1
= 0.9*(60-22)*20*410/ (1.25*1000)
{2mm hole,Table 19}
= 224.35 kN > 42.276 kN (safe)

{Clause 6.3.1}

Tensile strength Yield = Agfy/m0 = 60*20*250/1.1

= 272 kN > 42.276 kN (safe)

{Clause 6.2}

Bearing capacity of bolt = 2.5kbdtfu

= 2.5*0.49*20*20*410/ (1.25*1000)
= 160.72 KN > 42.276 kN (safe)

{Clause 10.3.4}

Where kb = min {e/3d0, p/3do 0.25, fub/fu, 1.0}

Shear Capacity of bolt = fu(nnAnb + nsAsb)/3mb

{Clause 10.3.3}

= 410(2*3.14*20*20/4)/1.732*1.25
= 118.98kN > 42.276kN

Design of tie plates:

Effective depth of tie plates > 2bf (2*250) = 500mm or c/c between two I-sections
= 500 mm

{Clause 7.7.2.3}

Assuming edge distance = 30mm (>1.7do)

Required overall depth = 500 + 2*30mm =560mm
Length of tie plate = 500 + 250mm =750mm
Hence, required thickness = 1/50 *(750-30-30) 15mm

46 | P a g e

{Clause 7.6.3}

Hence, size of tie plate is 750mmX300mmX15mm

Final Sketch:

47 | P a g e

Design of wind girts

Load calculation
Critical wind pressure (as calculated for column) = 1.026 kN/m2
Assuming 4 wind-girds @ 2m distance:
Uniform load acting on gird = 2*1.026 kN/m = 2.052 kN/m 2.1 kN/m
For uniform distribution of load:
Maximum shear force = w*l/2 = 2.1*5/2 kN = 5.25kN
Maximum bending moment = wl2/8 = 2.1*52/8 kN-m = 6.563 kN-m

Design for moment:

Wind girds can be assumed as laterally supported sections:
Md = p*Zp*fy/mo (Section 8.2.12, Page 53)
Assuming plastic section:
p= 1.0
Hence, Zp required = Md* mo/ (fy* p) = 0.029*10^6 mm3
Taking ISLB 200 (D=200mm, B=100mm, tw=7.3mm, tf=5.4mm, Zp= 184.34*103 mm3,
Izz=1696.6*104mm4)
Checking for shear:
Shear capacity = Vd = Av*fyw/(3* mo) = 200*5.4*250/(3*1.1) = 141.71 kN
Hence, 0.6*Vd = 85.027 kN > 5.25 kN
Hence, no reduction in Md required (Section 9.2, Page 69)
Checking for web buckling

(Section 8.7.1.5, Page 66)

Load is assumed to transferred along base of 100mm and at 45o angle up to mid depth i.e.
150mm
tw= 5.4mm
Radius of gyration = (I/A) = t/12 = 1.558 mm
Effective height of web = 0.7L = 0.7*200mm = 140mm (Laterally restrained)
Hence, KL/r = 140/1.558 = 89.858
48 | P a g e

Hence, for buckling class c, fcd = 121MPa (Table 9c, Page 42)
Width of web effective in strut action = b+2n1 = 100 +2*100 = 300mm
Hence, compression capacity =300*5.4*121/1000 KN = 196.020 KN > 5.25 KN (OK)
Checking for web crippling:
Load is assumed to transferred along base of 100mm and at slope 1:2.5 up to a depth of t f
+ R (=7.3+3=10.3mm)
Fw = (b1+n2)*tw*fyw/mo = (100+2.5*10.3)*5.4*250/(1.1*1000) = 154.329 KN > 5.25 KN
(Safe)
Checking for serviceability:
Maximum deflection = 5wl4/(384EI) = 5*2.1*50004/(384*2*105*1696.6*104) = 5.036mm
Span/180 = 5000/180 = 27.77 >5.036 (OK)
Wind Bracing are provided in alternate frames.

49 | P a g e

Design of Base-Plate:
Total design load on Base Plate = = 16.81kN (Due to truss) +356.25kN (Due to crane) +
63*6/100KN (Due to column of height H2) + 63*7/100KN (Due to column of height H1)
+15KN (Due to cladding) + 6.371 KN= 402.61kN
Assuming M25 concrete
Bearing capacity of concrete = 0.45fck=0.45*25 N/mm2

{Clause 7.4.1}

= 11.25 N/mm2
Eccentricity, e = M/P
= 255.1525/402.621
= 0.633 m
If we design for entire compression in the base plate,
Required length of base plate will be =6e
=3.8m
This value is however too large. Therefore, we will design it for some tension as well.
Therefore, taking base plate length as 1.00m
Required Breadth (B) = 2P/(L*0.45fck)
= 2*402.621*1000/(1000*11.25)
= 71.57 100mm
To accommodate for depth of I-section and anchor bolts, we take B = 500mm
Area (A) = 1000*500 = 500000mm2
Z = bd2/6
= 10002*500/6
= 83.33*106mm3
End Pressures pmax = P/A + M/Z
= 402.621*1000/500000 + 255.1525*106/83.33*106
= 3.868N/mm2
pmin = P/A M/Z = -2.25N/mm2
50 | P a g e

Hence, required area = 402.621*1000/11.25 mm2 = 35788 mm2

Base Pressure at section along Depth of I-section = [(1000 350)/1000]*(3.868+2.25) 2.25
= 1.726 N/mm2
Neglecting reduction in moment due to biaxial bending
Moment along given axis = Wa2/2 (rectangular part) + Moment of triangular part
= 1.726*3502/2 + 0.5*350*(2/3)*350*(3.868-1.726)
= 193.182*103Nmm
Moment Capacity = 1.2fyZe/m0
Where, Ze = t2/6
193.182*103 = 1.2*250*t2/(6*1.1)
Hence, t = 65.192mm 70mm
Dimensions of base plate = 1000mm x 500mm x 70mm
Total length available for weld(lw) = 2*[250+250 + (250-9.4) + {300-2*(10.6+11)}]
= 1994.8mm
Where [300-2*(10.6+11)] is the length of the web on one side
Assuming 9mm fillet weld
leff = 1994.8 2*(8*2a)
= 1994.8 24*6
= 1850.8 mm
Design Strength of Fillet weld {Clause 10.5.7.1.1}
fwd = fwn/mw = fu/3mw
= 410/1.732*1.25 = 189.4N/mm2
{Table 5}
Minimum Required Length of weld = P/ttfwd {Clause 10.5.9}
= 2*541.51*1000/[(0.7*9)*189.4]
= 904.64mm < 1850mm (safe)
Hence Length available is sufficient
51 | P a g e

52 | P a g e

Design of Foundation:
SBC= 18 KN/m2
Load transferred to concrete = pmax*(area of base plate)
= 3.868 * 1000 * 500
= 1934kN
Required area of foundation= 1934/18 = 107.44 m2
Assuming Square section, L required = 10.37m
Length is observed to be on the higher side. Hence, for economical section, we provide
Grillage Foundation.
First tier: 5 X ISMB 400 @ 250c/c
Second tier: ISMB 400 @ 250c/c throughout
Depth of foundation above the sections be 1 m and below the section be 0.5m

53 | P a g e

Design Summary:1) GI sheetings:

Length Width Thickness Depth-

2200mm
750mm
1mm
18mm

2) Purlins (Open Web Joists):

2 X ISA 75X50X10

3) Truss members:
a) Principal rafters.
2 X ISA 40X40X5 (back to back

b) Tie members.
ISA 40X40X4

c) Inclined members.
ISA 20203

54 | P a g e

d) Vertical members
ISA 35353

4) Gantry Girder:
ISLB600 (I-section) + ISMC250 (Channel)

55 | P a g e

5) Column between roof truss level and crane level.

ISLB 75

6) Main column below crane level

2 X ISHB 300

56 | P a g e

7) Base Plate: 1000mm X 500mm X 70mm

57 | P a g e

8) Foundation
Grillage Foundation

First tier: 5 X ISMB 400 @ 250c/c

Second tier: ISMB 400 @ 250c/c throughout

58 | P a g e