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e. Noun Phrase
A noun phrase consists of a person, place, or thing and any modifiers: This is a
grammar lesson. It may include one or more adjectives (as grammar modifies lesson
here). It might include a noun and a modifying clause: This is a lesson that explains the
various types of phrases. It might take the form of one of three other types of phrase:
infinitive, participial, and prepositional. (The infinitive phrase is discussed above, and the
latter two types are described below.)
Many noun phrases are continuous; they consist of words in sequence. However, a noun
phrase may be discontinuous, meaning that it is broken up into more than one element:
This lesson is one that explains the various types of phrases.
f. Participial Phrase
A participial phrase consists of verbals ending in -ing or -ed, or another irregular form of
a verb, and serves as an adjective: The participial phrase in Having been lied to before, I
was wary modifies the word I. The phrase may be parenthetical within a sentence, too:
In You, knowing what you now know, are in a better position to judge, the participial
phrase modifies the word you.
g. Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a noun or pronoun that serves as the
prepositions object, and often one or more adjectives: I went for a walk in the dark
woods. Prepositional phrases are often located at the head of a sentence. When the sun
went down, I hurried back.
Main phrase is a clause in a complex sentence that contains at least a subject and a
verb and can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence.
Subordinate phrase is a group of words that has both a subject and a verb.
However, since verbals are formed from verbs, they can also take direct objects
and can be modified by adverbs. A gerund phrase or infinitive phrase, then, is a
noun phrase consisting of a verbal, its modifiers (both adjectives and adverbs),
and its objects:
Running a marathon in the Summer is thirsty work.
I am planning to buy a house next month.
Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal,
as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the
following examples:
subject
Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.
object of a verb
To read quickly and accurately is Eugene's goal.
object of a preposition
The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring breakup.
subject complement
Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.
object complement
I consider Loki my favorite cat.
Determiner: . These are found uniquely in the structure of noun phrases. They
have the form of determinatives (or determinative phrases, as in almost all
students, not many people, too few volunteers) or genitive noun phrases (the girl's
voice, some people's behaviour, my book). Determiners serve to mark the noun
phrase as definite or indefinite.
Complement: The clearest cases of Complements involve preposition phrases
where the preposition is specified by the Head noun, and certain types of
subordinate clause.
Modifiers. The typical pre-Head Modifier is an adjective or adjective phrase: a
good book, a very serious matter. But those are not the only possibilities. In
particular, nouns can also function as Modifier to a Head noun: a school play, the
unemployment situation, etc. Post-Head Modifiers are typically preposition
phrases and subordinate clauses that occur more freely than Complements in that
they do not have to be licensed by the Head noun: a man of honour, the house
opposite the post office, the play that she wrote, the guy who spoke first.
5. Explain about Noun and determiner in Noun Phrase
a. Noun function as head of noun phrase
b. Determiner introduce noun phrase, and its function ass modifier. Unlike adjectiive
modifiers, they are sometimes obligatory. If tge head of an NP is a singular count
noun, then some determiners have to be added