Generalized Beam Theory

1. Generalized Displacement Field

(

( )

( )

(1)

2. Strains
( )

( )

( )

(2)
Where
,
=(

,
)

3. Constitutive Relationship
The relationship in between stress and strain for plane strain condition, under both
mechanical and thermal load are given by
( )

( )(

( )

( )

( )

))
(3)

Where

( )

4. Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions

The principle of virtual displacements states that if the beam is in equilibrium we must
have
(4)
The total internal virtual work done is
(

)
(5)

Putting values of

and

from eq. (2) in eq. (5)

)]

Integrating over the area for unit width of beam

[(

)]
(6)

Where

{ }

{ }

(7)

)
)

))+
(8)

Now for the sake of simplification the each term in above expression is integrated individually

)
(9)

)
|
|

)
(10)

(
(
(

|
)

(
|

(11)

)
(

)(

)
(12)

)
|

(13)

Now putting eqs. (9-13) in eq. (8)

|
|

|
|

(
|

|
)

|
)

(
|

(
|

|
)(

)(
(

)
)

)(
|

)
)

)
|

|
|

|
|

)(

)
)

|
|
(14)

Virtual work
done by external uniformly distributed load
direction is given by

in transverse downward

(15)

Then by the use of eqs 14-15 into eq.4 and separating out the boundary and line integral terms
The governing equations are
(16)
(

)
(

(
)

)
(

)
(

(
)(

(16)
)

(17)

Letting

So with the help of eq.18 the governing equations convert to

(18)

The boundary conditions along x are obtained as

|
|

|
(

|
)

|
|

|
(

Either
Either
Either

is prescribed
is prescribed

is prescribed

is prescribed

With help of eq.18

Either

Thermo-Mechanical analysis of simply supported FG beam

Boundary conditions