SamanthaFeinstein

ChanoanSumonthee
WyntonWhite

HistoryFairBibliography
Thesis:
PresidentJohnF.Kennedysdiplomaticapproach,brilliantstrategy,andleadershipof
EXCOMMduringtheCubanMissileCrisispreventedimminentnuclearwarfareandledtothe
signingoftheNuclearTestBanTreatybetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion,and
effectivelyslowingdownanincreasinglydangerousarmsraceduringtheColdWar.

Kennedy,JohnF."InauguralAddressofJohnF.Kennedy."InauguralAddressofJohnF.
Kennedy.EastPorticoofU.S.CapitolBuilding,WashingtonD.C.20Jan.1961.The
AvalonProject:InauguralAddressofJohnF.Kennedy.Web.17Nov.2014.
<http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/kennedy.asp>.JFK'sinauguraladdressshows
hisdesireforafreeworld.

Kennedy,JohnF."PresidentKennedy'sLettertoPremierKhrushchev,November6,
1962."LettertoNikitaS.Khrushchev.6Nov.1962.Www.gwu.edu.TheGeorge
WashingtonUniversity,n.d.Web.17Nov.2014.

<http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/621106jfkletter.pdf>.Thisletter
writtenbyPresidentKennedydisplayshowhehandledthesituationdirectlywithRussia.
InthislettertoPresidentKhrushchev,Kennedyisn'tpleasedwithRussia'sresponsesohe
iswritingforclarificationoftheiractions.

Halsall,Paul."ModernHistorySourcebook:JohnF.Kennedy:AddressontheCuban
Crisis."Www.fordham.edu.FordhamUniversitytheJesuitUniversityofNewYork,July
1998.Web.19Nov.2014.<http://fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1962kennedycuba.html>.
This1962televisionaddressgivenbyPresidentKennedyshowshiscommitmentasa
leadertoensuringthesafetyandprotectionofthecountryfromexternalthreatsbyCuban
andtheSovietUnion.

O'Brien,Michael.JohnF.Kennedy:ABiography.NewYorkCity:ThomasDunne,2005.
666675.Print.ThisprimarysourcesprovidesuswithquotationsnotonlyfromPresident
Kennedy,butfromhisadvisorsandSovietofficialsthissourcegivesusdifferent
perspectives.

May,ErnestR.,andPhilipZelikow.TheKennedyTapes:InsidetheWhiteHouseduring
theCubanMissileCrisis.Cambridge,Mass:BelknapofHarvardUP,1997.6070Print.
Thissourcegivesusfullandauthenticatedtranscriptsoftheaudiorecordingsrecorded

duringconversationsbetweenKennedyandhisadvisors,suchasRobertMcNamara,
TheodoreSorensen,andRobertKennedy.
Dallek,Robert,andTerryGolway.LetEveryNationKnow:JohnF.KennedyinHisOwn
Words.Naperville,IL:SourceMediaFusion,2006.178182Print.Thisprimarysources
offersanothertranscriptionofaudiorecordingsrecordedbetweenKennedyandSidney
Graybeal,aCIAballisticsexpert,regardingtheplacementofmissilesinCuba.

Brinkley,Alan.JohnF.Kennedy.NewYork:Times,2012.Print.Thisprimarysource
includesexcerptsfromhisspeechatAmericanUniversityinJune1963toproposeanew
approachtotheColdWar,postCubanMissileCrisis.

Bzdek,Vincent.TheKennedyLegacy:Jack,BobbyandTedandaFamilyDream
Fulfilled.NewYork,NY:PalgraveMacmillan,2009.9296,218219Print.Thissource
focusesprimarilyonthelegacyofJohnF.Kennedy,abouthowhisleadershipand
handlingoftheCubanMissileCrisisdefinedhispresidency.

Zelikow,Philip,andTimothyNaftali.ThePresidentialRecordings,JohnF.Kennedy:
TheGreatCrises.Vol.2.NewYork:W.W.Norton,2001.410Print.Anotherprimary
sourcethatprovidestranscribedaudiorecordingsofEXCOMMmeetings,exchanges
betweenKennedyandMcNamara,TheodoreSorensen,andhisadvisorsduringthecrisis.

 Huchthausen,PeterA.OctoberFury.Hoboken,NJ:J.Wiley&Sons,2002.Print.This
sourceaccountstheconfrontationbetweenU.S.NavydestroyersandSovietsubmarines
intheAtlantic,andtheongoingnegotiationsbetweenKennedyandtheSovietofficials.

Kenney,Charles.JohnF.Kennedy:ThePresidentialPortfolio:HistoryasToldthrough
theCollectionoftheJohnF.KennedyLibraryandMuseum.NewYork:PublicAffairs,
2000.162187Print.Anotherprimarysourcethatfeaturesletters,photographs,and
speechesmadebyKennedyduringthecrisisfromtheJohnF.KennedyPresidential
LibraryandMuseum.PAGE162189
HaldMortensen,Christian.JohnF.KennedyLeadershipQualitiesThatMovedA
Nation.(n.d.):n.pag.UniversityofPittsburgh.2007.Web.9Oct.2014.
dscholarship.pitt.edu/6819/1/HaldMortensen_etd.pdf
ThissecondarysourceexaminesPresidentJohnF.KennedyJr.seffectivenessasa
leader.Itcitesthreemainfactorsthatcontributedtohissuccess:hisvision,decision
makingstyle,anddelegation.
Kennedy,JohnF.JeffersonJacksonDayDinner.HotelDupont.Wilmington.12Oct.
2014.JohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibraryandMuseum.Web.12Oct.2014.
www.jfklibrary.org/Assetviewer/Archives/JFKCAMP19601029010.aspx
PresidentJohnF.KennedydiscussesthestateofthenewDemocraticadminstrationand
hisbeliefsthatthisnewleadershipiscapableofhandlingthetensionbetweentheUnited
StatesandtheSovietUnionduringtheColdWar.

 PresidentJohnF.KennedysUniversityofWashingtonSpeech,November16,1961.
PresidentJohnF.KennedysUniversityofWashingtonSpeech,November16,1961.
N.p.,n.d.Web.20Oct.2014.
www.learner.org/workshop/primarysources/coldwar/docs/jfk.html
JohnF.KennedysspeechstresseshisdesireforpeaceduringtheCubanMissileCrisis.
Kennedy,JohnF.RadioandTelevisionReporttotheAmericanPeopleontheSoviet
ArmsBuildupinCuba,October22,1962.20Oct.2014.JohnF.KennedyPresidential
LibraryandMuseum.Web.20Oct.2014.
www.jfk.org/Assetviewer/sUVmChsB0moLtrBcaHaSg.aspx
KennedysaddresstotheAmericanpeopleoutlinesthesevencomponentsofhis
proposedplanofactionagainsttheSovietUnionduringthemissilecrisisthissource
aidsmyunderstandingofhisthoughtprocessandreasoningthataffectedthecourseofthecrisis.
Allen,Bill.JohnFKennedySigning1963Legislation.Digitalimage.Associated
Press,31Oct.1963.Web.
<http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local/healthscience/61477advocatessayl
andmarklegislationsigned50yearsagochangedmentalhealthcaresystem>.
ThisisanimageofPresidentKennedysigningabillwhichisexhibitinghis
leadership.
Crane,Ralph.JFKSpeechtoNation.Digitalimage.Time&LifePictures,22
Oct.1962.Web.
<http://life.time.com/icons/johnfkennedyonthecampaigntrailclassicphotosf

rom1960/#4>.ThisimageshowsPresidentKennedysinteractionwiththe
peopleasaleaderandthecitizensattractiontohischaracter.
JFKInauguralAddress.Digitalimage.JohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibrary&
Museum.ArmySignalCorps,20Jan.1961.Web.27Nov.2014.<>Thisphoto
wastakenthedayoftheInaugurationofKennedybeforehismonumental
inauguralspeechonthestepsofthecapitolbuildingandthecrowdturnoutisa
partofhislegacy.
Kennedy,JohnF."InauguralAddressofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy."1961
PresidentialInauguration.Washinton,D.C.20Jan.1961.InauguralAddressof
PresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Web.15Nov.2014.
<http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/medialist.php?presid=35>.Thisspeech
outlinesPresidentKennedysgoalsduringhispresidencyandisapretextforthe
actionshewilltakeagainstCuba.
Kennedy,JohnF."RadioandTelevisionAddresstotheAmericanPeopleonthe
SovietArmsBuildupinCuba."WhiteHouse,WashingtonDC.22Oct.1962.
JFKLibrary.Web.15Nov.2014.
<http://www.cubanmissilecrisis.org/background/originalhistoricsources/audio/>
.ThispublicaddressthatPresidentKennedygavefollowingthesitingofnuclear
weaponsonCubansoiloutlinesallofthespecificactionsheistakingtocondemn
Cubasactions.
Kennedy,Robert.TallyofInitialPositions("Blockade"or"Strike").Washington
DC:TheNationalSecurityArchive,11Oct.2012.PDF.<

http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB395/>.Thisdocument
writtenbytheSecretaryofStateRobertKennedyshowsthepositionsofallofthe
membersoftheexecutivecommitteeandtheiropinionontheactionsthatshould
betaken.
Lowe,Jacques.KennedyOvalOffice.Digitalimage.JacquesLowePhotography,
Oct.1960.Web.<http://jfk14thday.com/jfktapepoliticalcareer/>.Thispicture
showsPresidentKennedyhardatworkonthephonetryingtoreacha
compromisewiththeSovietUnion.
PresidentKennedyGreetingCrowd.Digitalimage.GettyIMages.Express
Newspaper,1July1963.Web.
<http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/newsphoto/americanpresidentjohnfkenn
edygreetingandshakingnewsphoto/2739937>.Thisimageisanexampleofthe
publicsreactiontotheactionsandstepstakenbyPresidentKennedytoensure
thesafetyofthenation.
Schutzer,Paul.JFKNightCampaignRally.Digitalimage.Times&LifePitures,
1960.Web.
<http://life.time.com/icons/johnfkennedyonthecampaigntrailclassicphotosf
rom1960/#13>.Thisimageshowsthetypeofdedicatedpersonandleader
PresidentKennedyiswhileheisonthecampaigntrail.
Schutzer,Paul.NikitaS.KhrushchevJohnF.Kennedy.Digitalimage.TheLIFE
PictureCollection,1Jan.1961.Web.
<http://www.gettyimages.ae/detail/newsphoto/presjohnfkennedymeetingwith

ussrnikitaskhrushchevnewsphoto/50551071>.Thisimageshowsthe
complicatedrelationshipbetweenPresidentKennedyandPrimeMinister
KhrushchevthatisthebasisoftheCubanMissileCrisisconflict.
Silk,George.VictorySpeechattheHyannisArmory.Digitalimage.Life&Times
Pictures,Nov.1960.Web.
<http://life.time.com/icons/johnfkennedyonthecampaigntrailclassicphotosf
rom1960/#28>.ThisimagewastakenafterPresidentKennedywontheelection
anditshowshisexcitementtomovethenationintherightdirection.
Stoughton,Cecil.TexasHotelRally.Digitalimage.JohnF.KennedyPresidential
LibraryandMuseum,22Nov.1963.Web.
<http://washington.cbslocal.com/photogalleries/2013/11/21/50thanniversaryof
jfkassassination/st525863/>.Thisimageshowsthepersonalconnectionthat
PresidentKennedytriedtogetwithhiscitizenswhichwasoneofhisgreat
qualities.
Walker,Hank.JohnF.KennedyShakingHandswithaKid.Digitalimage.Life
Magazine.Life&TimesPictures,1Apr.1960.Web.
<http://life.time.com/icons/johnfkennedyonthecampaigntrailclassicphotosf
rom1960/#4>.ThisimageshowsthatPresidentKennedywasarelatableperson
andleadbyexamplefortheyoungergeneration,whichisapartofhislegacyas
someonethatthepeoplecouldrelatetoandtrust.
Walker,Hank.JohnF.Kennedy's1960PresidentialCampaign.Digitalimage.
Life&TimesPictures,1960.Web.

<http://life.time.com/icons/johnfkennedyonthecampaigntrailclassicphotosf
rom1960/#6>.PresidentKennedyralliedpeopletosupporthimbygiving
dynamiccampaignspeechesandrelatingtothepeopleasacompassionateleader.
ArizonaRepublic.USBloackedCuba,TellsRussLayoff.Digitalimage.The
ArizonaStateLibrary,ArchivesandPublicRecords,11Oct.1961.Web.
<http://govbooktalk.gpo.gov/2012/10/18/hawksvsdovesthejointchiefsandthe
cubanmissilecrisis/>.Thisimageofanewspaperarticlesshowshowthepress
andthepublicactedinthemidstoftheCubanMissileCrisisinthewakeof
Kennedysbigdecisions.

PBS.NationinJFKReflection.Digitalimage.WGBHEducationalFoundation,11

Nov.2013.Web.
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/introduction/jfkintroduction/>.
ThisimageisasymbolofJohnFKennedyslegacybecausethenationisreflectedinhis
sunglassessignifyinghimlookingoverourcurrentsociety.

AssociatedPress.KennedyandKhrushchevHandshake.Digitalimage.Getty

Images/AP,1962.Web.
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/non_fictionreviews/9973658/SmallWarsFarA
wayPlacesbyMichaelBurleighreview.html>.Thisshowsthecompromisethatthetwo
leaderswereabletocometoandexemplifiesKennedysleadershipandprofessionalism.

MRBMFieldLaunchSiteSanCristobalNo.2.DigitalImage.UnitedStates

DepartmentofDefense1962Oct14.NationalArchivesIdentifier:(193926)
<http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm>.Theseimagesweretaken

byUnitedStatesaircraftsandareprimarysourcesshowingthatCubahadmissilesonits
land.

SovietShipPoltavaTravelingtoCubawithMissilesonBoard.DigitalImage.1962

Oct15.UnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense:CubanMissileCrisis
<http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm>.Thisimageshows
evidenceofmissiletransportationbyshipsandsupportsPresidentKennedysactionin
enactingtheNavalQuarantine.