PROCEDURES

RESULTS

A. Inorganic Substances

DISCUSSIONS

CONCLUSION(S)

Fig.28.A1

1. Place about 1 ml. of

blood in a crucible and
heat gently (under the
hood) over a free flame
until the blood is dry.
Finally, ignite until only
ash remains. Cool and
dissolve the ash in a
little dilute HCl. If the
solution is not clear,
filter. Add to the filtrate
a
few
drops
of
potassium ferrocyanide.
Result:

DOCUMENTATION

Adding potassium ferrocyanide in a

blood sample is used to identify the
presence of carbon monoxide. A
brown solution of blood and
potassium ferrocyanide indicates
that the blood is negative of carbon
monoxide which means that the
blood sample is normal.

Blood contains both

inorganic and organic
substances

Blood contains chlorine (0.25%)

and is an essential mineral used in
the formation of hydrochloric acid
of gastric juices. (Food and
Nutrition 1993)

Chlorine is normally found

in blood.

Brown solution

2. Place 1 ml. of blood

in an evaporating dish,
add 10 ml. of water and
heat to boiling.
Result:

Black Solution

While the mixture is

still boiling, add 10 ml,
of distilled water and 3
drops of 5% acetic acid.
Boil the solution for a
few minutes. Allow to
cool and filter. Place 2
ml. of the filtrate in a
test tube, add a drop of
dilute nitric acid and a
drop of dilute silver
nitrate solution.
Result?
To what constituent is
this due?

White Precipitate
Chloride

Equation:

Ag+1 + Cl-1 AgCl

Fig.28.A3

3. To another 1 ml. of
the filtrate, add a few
drops of dilute nitric
acid and 1 ml. of
ammonium molybdate
solution. Warm gently.
Let stand and allow it to
cool.
Result:
To what constituent is
this due?
Equation:

Phosphate in blood is important for

the formation of 2,3
bisphosphoglycerate (2,3 BPG)
which affects the affinity of
haemoglobin to oxygen. This
indirectly affects the release of
oxygen from haemoglobin. Normal
phosphate levels are 2.7 4.5 mg/L
(Clinical Chemistry: Principles,
Procedures and Correlations 2005).

Yellow Precipitate
Phosphate
H2PO4- + 12MoO4 -2 + 22H3O+ + 3NH4+
(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 + 34H2O.

Fig.28.A4
4. Place about 1 ml. of
blood in attest tube and
allow it to stand until
the blood cells settle
out. Get the upper layer
and add a few drops of
ammonium oxalate.

Ammonium oxalate is one of the

reagents used in Hemoglobin
Crystallization Technique which
indicates the presence of mosquito
blood meal.

Phosphate is important in
regulating the oxygen
affinity of haemoglobin.

B. Hemoglobin
Fig.28.B2
1. Note the color of
the blood in the bag
supplied
by
the
laboratory or coming
from the blood bank.

Hemoglobin is a protein found in

red blood cells that contains iron. Its
main function is to carry oxygen
from the lungs to the body tissues,
and to exchange the oxygen for
carbon dioxide, and then carry the
carbon dioxide back to the lungs
and it is where the exchange for
oxygen occurs.
Hemoglobin is
measured through Complete Blood
Count (CBC). CBC is done on
automated machines that uses blood
sample that is chemically treated to
release hemoglobin from red blood
cells. The released hemoglobin then
is bound chemically to cyanide that
forms a compound that absorbs
light, and when measured through
the amount of absorbed light, it is
now directly related to how much
hemoglobin is present in the blood.

2. Place 5 ml. of this

blood in an Erlenmeyer
flask and rotate the flask
to distribute the blood
and expose it to the air.
Compare the color of
this blood with the
original
laboratory
supply.

C. Glucose in Blood
1. Place 1 ml. of blood
and 5 ml. of distilled
water in an evaporating
dish. Heat gently until it
boils.
2. Add 5 ml. of water
containing 1 drop of 5%
acetic acid and allow it
to boil once more.
3. Filter to remove the
coagulated proteins.
4. Place the filtrate in
an evaporating dish and
concentrate to a volume
of 3 ml.

Light Green Precipitate

Test for glucose in the blood is

carried out by means of Benedicts
Test. This test will see if there is a
presence of reducing saccharide in
the blood (Blood have sugars
attached to its surface thereby
having different blood types). Also,
blood glucose will always be
present since blood is a carrier of
energy and nutrition for cells

5.
Filter
if
precipitate forms.

6. Perform Benedicts
test on the filtrate.