PRESENTATION#1

TOPIC:CLOUD COMPUTING
NAME:AKSA KALSOOM
SUBMITTED TO:SIR AMIR TAJ
SEMESTER:7
ROLL# 11PWBCS0276
SECTION :B

Cloud computing
Cloud computing
is internet-based computing in which large groups of remote servers are networked to allow sharing
of data-processing tasks, centralized data storage, and online access to computer services or
resources.

Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale,
similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network At the foundation of cloud computing is the
broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services.
Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud", also focuses on maximizing the
effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiple users
but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. This can work for allocating resources to users.
For example, a cloud computer facility that serves European users during European business hours
with a specific application (e.g., email) may reallocate the same resources to serve North American
users during North America's business hours with a different application (e.g., a web server). This
approach should maximize the use of computing power thus reducing environmental damage as well
since less power, air conditioning, rackspace, etc. are required for a variety of functions. With cloud
computing, multiple users can access a single server to retrieve and update their data without
purchasing licenses for different applications.
The term "moving to cloud" also refers to an organization moving away from a
traditional CAPEX model (buy the dedicated hardware and depreciate it over a period of time) to
theOPEX model (use a shared cloud infrastructure and pay as one uses it).
Proponents claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid upfront infrastructure costs, and
focus on projects that differentiate their businesses instead of on infrastructure. Proponents also
claim that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with
improved manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to
meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand. Cloud providers typically use a "pay as you
go" model. This can lead to unexpectedly high charges if administrators do not adapt to the cloud
pricing model.

How cloud computing works:

Let's say you're an executive at a large corporation. Your particular responsibilities include making sure
that all of your employees have the right hardware and software they need to do their jobs.
Buying computers for everyone isn't enough -- you also have to purchase software or software
licenses to give employees the tools they require. Whenever you have a new hire, you have to buy more
software or make sure your current software license allows another user. It's so stressful that you find it
difficult to go to sleep on your huge pile of money every night.

Soon, there may be an alternative for executives like you. Instead of installing a suite of software for each
computer, you'd only have to load one application. That application would allow workers to log into a
Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. Remote
machines owned by another company would run everything from e-mail to word processing to complex
data analysis programs. It's called cloud computing, and it could change the entire computer industry.
In a cloud computing system, there's a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to do all
the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. The network of computers that make up the cloud
handles them instead. Hardware and software demands on the user's side decrease. The only thing the
user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing system's interface software, which can
be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud's network takes care of the rest.
There's a good chance you've already used some form of cloud computing. If you have an e-mail account
with a Web-based e-mail service like Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail or Gmail, then you've had some experience
with cloud computing. Instead of running an e-mail program on your computer, you log in to a Web e-mail
account remotely. The software and storage for your account doesn't exist on your computer -- it's on the
service's computer cloud.

Characteristics:
Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:

Agility improves with users' ability to re-provision technological infrastructure resources.

Application programming interface(API) accessibility to software that enables machines to

interact with cloud software in the same way that a traditional user interface

Cost reductions claimed by cloud providers. A public-cloud delivery model converts capital
expenditure to operational expenditure.

Device and location independenceenable users to access systems using a web browser
regardless of their location or what device they

Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be

installed on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places.

Multitenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing
for:

centralization of infrastructure in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity,
etc.)
peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
utilisation and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 1020% utilised.

Performance is monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are constructed
using web services as the system interface

Productivity may be increased when multiple users can work on the same data simultaneously.

Reliability improves with the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes well-designed cloud
computing suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery

Scalability and elasticity via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a finegrained, self-service basis in near real-time

Security can improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources.

The future:
According to Gartner's Hype cycle cloud computing has reached a maturity that leads it into a
productive phase. This means that most of the main issues with cloud computing have been
addressed to a degree that clouds have become interesting for full commercial exploitation. This
however does not mean that all the problems listed above have actually been solved, only that the
according risks can be tolerated to a certain degree. Cloud computing is therefore still as much a
research topic, as it is a market offering