INTRODUCTION

A soft drink, also referred to as soda, soda pop, or fizzy drinks, is a non-alcoholic beverage
usually containing water and a flavouring agent. Many of these beverages are carbonated and
sweetened with either sugar, or high-fructose corn syrup, and they may contain additional
ingredients such as fruit juice. They are called soft in contrast to hard because hard
generally refers to drinks with a significant alcohol content. Small amount of alcohol may be
present in a soft drink, but it must be less than 0.5 % of the total volume if the drink is to be
considered non-alcoholic.

Types of soft drinks:

Widely, soft drink includes cola , lemon lime , root beer , orange soda , grape soda , cream
soda , ginger ale , flavoured water, sparkling lemonade , sparkling water , iced tea, sweet tea
, squash and fruit punch.
Soft drinks do not contain milk or any other dairy products. Beverages that are not soft
drinks include hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk shake, juice and iced tea
Some people drink soda pop as if it is water, some even instead of water. Sure , the primary
ingredient is water , but , with all the other stuff it contains it can have a toxic , poisonous
,lethal , venomous , seriously harmful effect on your entire body.
Drinking soda pop is sure way to age faster. Soda pop has an alarming amount of sugar,
calories and harmful additives in it that have absolutely no nutritional value. Studies have
linked soda to osteoporosis, obesity, tooth decay and heart disease. And we wonder why we
cant lose weight and why we have health problems. We encourage illness and disease little by- little every day by not preventing their cause.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Test Tubes

Test Tube Holder

Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath

CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
Lime Water
Benedict s Solution
Fehlings Solution A & Fehlings Solution B
Concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3)
Ammonium Molybdate
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodide Solution
Sodium Hydroxide

Finding pH
EXPERIMENT:
Few drops of the soft drink sample of each brand was taken in separate test tubes and put on
the pH paper. The change in the colour of pH paper was noted for each sample and was
compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION:
SR. NO.

NAME OF
THE SOFT

COLOUR
CHANGE

pH value

1.
2.
3.
4.

DRINK
FANTA
LIMCA
COCA COLA
SPRITE

INFERENCE:
The acidic nature of soft drinks is because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid in them . pH values of soft drinks of different brands are different due to the
variation in amount of acidic contents in them.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

EXPERIMENT:
As soon as the bottles of soft drinks were opened, the gas evolved from the samples was
passed through lime water. Simultaneously the time interval for which the soft drink
produced the brisk effervescence was noted.

OBSERVATON:
SR. NO.

1.
2.
3.
4.

NAME OF
THE SOFT
DRINK
FANTA
LIMCA
COCA COLA
SPRITE

TIME
TAKEN(SEC)

CONCLUSION

CO2 is present
CO2 is present
CO2 is present
CO2 is present

INFERENCE:
The lime water turned milky.
All the soft drink samples contained dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbondioxide
(CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for soft drinks tangy
taste.

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

Glucose is a reducing sugar due to the presence of an aldehyde in its structure. Its presence is
detected using the following tests:

1. BENEDICTSS REAGENT TEST:

EXPERIMENT:
Soft drink samples of different brands were taken in test tubes and a few drops of Benedicts
reagent was added to each test tube. The test tubes were heated for a few seconds. Formation
of reddish colour precipitate confirms the presence of glucose in soft drinks.

OBSERVATON:
Sr. No.
1.

Name of the
soft drink
Fanta

2.

Limca

3.

Coca cola

4.

Sprite

Change seen

Conclusion

Reddish
precipitate
Reddish
precipitate
Reddish
precipitate
Reddish
precipitate

Presence of
glucose
Presence of
glucose
Presence of
glucose
Presence of
glucose

INFERENCE:
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedicts reagent. Hence all the soft
drinks contain glucose. The principle of Benedict's test is that when reducing sugars are
heated in the presence of an alkali, they get converted to powerful reducing compounds
known as enediols. Enediols reduce the cupric ions (Cu2+) present in the Benedict's reagent
to cuprous ions (Cu+) which get precipitated as insoluble red copper(I) oxide.

2. FEHLINGS SOLUTION TEST

EXPERIMENT:
Small samples of soft drinks of different brands were taken in test tubes and a few drops of
Fehlings A and Fehlings B solution were added in equal amounts. The test tubes were
heated in a water bath for 10 minutes . Appearance reddish precipitate confirms the presence
of glucose in soft drinks.

OBSERVATON:
Sr. No.
1.

Name of the
soft drink
Fanta

2.

Limca

3.

Coca Cola

4.

Sprite

Change seen

conclusion

Reddish
precipitate
Reddish
precipitate
Reddish
precipitate
Reddish
precipitate

Presence of
glucose
Presence of
glucose
Presence of
glucose
Presence of
glucose

INFERENCE:
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehlings (A & B) solutions. Hence all
the soft drinks contain glucose. The bistartratocuprate(II) complex oxidizes the aldehyde to
a carboxylate anion, and in the process the copper(II) ions of the complex are reduced to
copper(I) ions. Red copper(I) oxide then precipitates out of the reaction mixture, which
indicates a positive result .

TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

EXPERIMENT:
Small samples of each brand of soft drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added, then Ammonium Molybdate solution was
added. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirms the presence of phosphate ions in soft drinks.

OBSERVATON:
Sr. No.
1.

Name of the
soft drink
Fanta

2.

Limca

3.

Coca Cola

4.

Sprite

Change seen

conclusion

Canary yellow
precipitate
Canary yellow
precipitate
Canary yellow
precipitate
Canary yellow
precipitate

PO43- is present
PO43- is present
PO43- is present
PO43- is present

INFERENCE:
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all
the cold drinks contain phosphate

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

EXPERIMENT:
Small samples of each brand of soft drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was
added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes.
Appearance of yellow coloured precipitate confirms the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON:
Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Name of the
soft drink
Fanta
Limca
Coca Cola
sprite

Change seen

Conclusion

INFERENCE:
All the soft drink samples gave negative test for alcohol. Hence none of the soft drinks
contain alcohol.

TEST FOR SUCROSE

EXPERIMENT:
5 ml samples of each brand of soft drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were
heated very strongly . Formation of a black coloured residue confirms the presence of
sucrose.

OBSERVATON:
Sr. No.

Change seen

Conclusion

1.

Name of the
soft drink
Fanta

Black residue

2.

Limca

Black residue

3.

Coca Cola

Black residue

Sucrose is
present
Sucrose is
present
Sucrose is

4.

Sprite

Black residue

present
Sucrose is
present

INFERENCE:
All the brands of soft drinks contain sucrose. But the amount of sucrose varies
in each brand of soft drink. Fanta contains the highest amount of sucrose.

RESULT:
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
soft drinks namely:
1. Fanta
2. Limca
3. Coca Cola
4. Sprite
All contains glucose, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.