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Column
(Buckling)
Tekukan
DTM FTUI
Stability of Structures
In the design of columns, cross-sectional area is
selected such that
- allowable stress is not exceeded
=
P
all
A
PL
spec
AE
DTM FTUI
Stability of Structures
Consider model with two rods and torsional
spring. After a small perturbation,
K (2 ) = restoring moment
L
L
P sin = P = destabilizing moment
2
2
4K
L
DTM FTUI
Stability of Structures
=
=
4 K Pcr sin
DTM FTUI
M
P
=
y
EI
EI
P
y=0
EI
2 EI
L2
( )
P
2 E Ar 2
2E
> cr =
=
A
L2 A
(L r )2
DTM FTUI
=
cr =
=
2 EI
L2
P
P
> cr = cr
A
A
( )
2 E Ar 2
2
L A
E
2
(L r )2
= critical stress
L
= slenderness ratio
r
DTM FTUI
cr =
2 EI
L2e
2E
(Le r )2
Le = 2 L = equivalent length
DTM FTUI
DTM FTUI
Example
An aluminum column of length L and
rectangular cross-section has a fixed end at B
and supports a centric load at A. Two smooth
and rounded fixed plates restrain end A from
moving in one of the vertical planes of
symmetry but allow it to move in the other
plane.
a) Determine the ratio a/b of the two sides of
the cross-section corresponding to the most
efficient design against buckling.
L = 20 in.
E = 10.1 x 106 psi
P = 5 kips
FS = 2.5
Departemen Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
DTM FTUI
Example
SOLUTION:
The most efficient design occurs when the
resistance to buckling is equal in both planes of
symmetry. This occurs when the slenderness
ratios are equal.
Buckling in xy Plane:
1 ba 3
I
a2
rz2 = z = 12
=
A
ab
12
Le, z
rz
rz =
a
12
0 .7 L
a 12
10
DTM FTUI
Example
Buckling in xz Plane:
1 ab3
b2
= 12
=
A
ab
12
ry2 =
Iy
Le, y
ry
ry =
b
12
2L
b / 12
Le, y
ry
0.7 L
2L
=
a 12 b / 12
a 0 .7
=
b
2
a
= 0.35
b
Departemen Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
11
DTM FTUI
Example
Design:
Le
2L
2(20 in ) 138.6
=
=
=
ry b 12 b 12
b
Pcr = ( FS )P = (2.5)(5 kips ) = 12.5 kips
cr =
cr =
L = 20 in.
E = 10.1 x 106 psi
2E
=
(Le r )2
(138.6 b )
P = 5 kips
b = 1.620 in.
FS = 2.5
a/b = 0.35
Departemen Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
12
DTM FTUI
Py Pe
EI
ymax = e sec
2
P
Pcr
Pcr =
2 EI
L2e
Maximum stress
max =
=
P ( ymax + e )c
1+
r2
P ec 1 P Le
1 + sec
A r 2 2 EA r
13
DTM FTUI
max = Y =
P ec 1 P Le
1 + sec
A r 2 2 EA r
Departemen Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
14
DTM FTUI
Problem
The uniform column consists of an 8-ft section
of structural tubing having the cross-section
shown.
a) Using Eulers formula and a factor of safety
of two, determine the allowable centric load
for the column and the corresponding
normal stress.
E = 29 106 psi.
SF=2
15
DTM FTUI
Problem
SOLUTION:
Maximum allowable centric load:
- Effective length,
Le = 2(8 ft ) = 16 ft = 192 in.
- Critical load,
Pcr =
2 EI
L2e
)(
(192 in )2
= 62.1 kips
- Allowable load,
P
62.1 kips
Pall = cr =
FS
2
= 8.79 ksi
16
DTM FTUI
Problem
Eccentric load:
- End deflection,
ym = e sec
2
P
Pcr
= (0.075 in )sec
1
2 2
ym = 0.939 in.
m = 1 + 2 sec
2 Pcr
1 +
2 2
3.54 in 2
(1.50 in )2
m = 22.0 ksi
Departemen Teknik Mesin
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
17
DTM FTUI
18
DTM FTUI
all =
(Le / r )
cr
FS
FS = 1.92
(Le / r )2
2Cc2
cr = Y 1
all =
5 3 L / r 1 L / r
FS = + e e
3 8 Cc
8 Cc
cr
FS
At Le/r = Cc
cr = 12 Y
Cc2 =
2 2 E
19
DTM FTUI
Alloy 6061-T6
Le/r < 66:
all = [20.2 0.126(Le / r )] ksi
= [139 0.868( Le / r )] MPa
51000 ksi
=
(Le / r )2
(Le / r )2
Alloy 2014-T6
Le/r < 55:
all = [30.7 0.23(Le / r )] ksi
= [212 1.585( Le / r )] MPa
54000 ksi
(Le / r )
(Le / r )2
20
10
DTM FTUI
Problem
21
DTM FTUI
Problem
SOLUTION:
With the diameter unknown, the
slenderness ration can not be evaluated.
Must make an assumption on which
slenderness ratio regime to utilize.
Calculate required diameter for
assumed slenderness ratio regime.
Evaluate slenderness ratio and verify
initial assumption. Repeat if necessary.
22
11
DTM FTUI
PR:
Koreksilah terhadap beban kritis (Pcr) ,tegangan
kritikal (cr) thd buckling, dan tegangan kompresi
(=P/A), pada komponen boncengan sepeda yang
anda kenal. Batang berbentuk bulat pejal
Apa kesimpulan anda dari hasil perhitungan tersebut
?
Data-data material, dimensi, dls., dipersilahkan
menentukan sendiri, asalkan masih dalam batas
kewajaran & dan disebutkan sumbernya.
23
DTM FTUI
Problem
For L = 750 mm, assume L/r > 55
Determine cylinder radius:
all =
60 103 N
c 2
c = cylinder radius
r = radius of gyration
=
I
c 4 4 c
=
=
A
2
c 2
c/2
c = 18.44 mm
24
12
DTM FTUI
Problem
For L = 300 mm, assume L/r < 55
Determine cylinder radius:
P
L
= 212 1.585 MPa
A
r
all =
60 103 N
c 2
0.3 m
6
= 212 1.585
10 Pa
c / 2
c = 12.00 mm
25
DTM FTUI
P Mc
+
A I
Interaction method:
P A
Mc I
26
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DTM FTUI
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DTM FTUI
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DTM FTUI
References
1. Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston & John T. DeWolf ;
Mechanics of Material, McGraw-Hill; 2002
2. Bernard J. Hamrock. Fundamental of Machine Elements.
Mc-Graw Hill.1999
3. R.S Khurmi & J.K Gupta. A Text Book of Machine Element.
Eurasia Publishing House. 1987
4. Popov. Mechanics of Material. Prentice-Hall, 1976.
5. Timoshenko. Strength of Material. 1965
6. Product Information : Technical Data of Dicoat Punch.
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