INTENSITY RAINFALL AND SLOPE TO RECHARGE ON LAND

Irwan Supriyono
Email : irwansupriyono1919@gmail.com

Abstract: Limitations and irregularity of rainfall is often the cause of various

problems such as agricultural crop failures, floods and landslides. Damage to
natural resources by humans also cause damage to the hydrologic cycle. so
we need conservation, the purpose to increase the quality of the water and
land to be used as the water supply.The result is a tool created artificial
rainmaking rainfall simulator with an assortment of intensity as desired.
Key words: Damage, rainfall, cause.

Groundwater as a source of clean water is often only utilized urban, still

less do the conservation efforts. Not restrained utilization of ground water
resulting in a decrease of discharge and water quality soil. For the area that is
located close to the beach is very vulnerable to the influx of salt water into the
aquifer layers. (Suripin, 2002)
Aquifer ground water is a very important.Aquifer it can be found on the
beach, the region of the mountain valley between mountains, alluvial plains and
the topography karst.akuifer review of the system consists of aquifer not
depressed, aquifer spring aquifer distress and depressed. Aquifer the coastal plain
generally develops in residential areas are solids example, Jakarta and this is
because these areas are aquifer water source, which are crucial for city areas. Soil
water in the areas we use to fulfill the city also used for growing crops.
(http://www.kelair.bppt.go.id/Sitpa/Artikel/Sumur/sumur.html)
Change of land use in the area of infiltration as a result of the construction
for the development of settlements, industrial and urban facilities is estimated to
have been disrupting the chain of hydrological cycles. Rapid physical
development jointly as the impact of high population growth, economic growth,
and the rapid development of tourism, land cover caused by water-proofed
buildings (concrete, asphalt, and the like) will cause reduced infiltration of
rainwater into the ground, and increase the amount of surface run-off.
Flooding in Jakarta, one of the dead victim, a financial loss and
destruction. High rainfall in recent days made increasing water volume. And

overflowing dams and rivers is torn by not hold a lot of water. The cause of
flooding because of the change of green open space in Jakarta, as the area of
development and the like a building and the rain and water absorption to be
reduced and water flow into the street. People throw away any bad habits
worsening the risk of flooding in Jakarta.

Discussion
1.1. The intensity of the Rainfall
Intensity is determined in the calculation of surface runoff, the magnitude
can be obtained from observations in the field. The magnitude of the rainfall
intensity will depend on the length of the rain and dense as well as the frequency
of rain with the compared between high rainfall with duration of rain in units of
mm.
Precipitation short-term expressed in intensity per hour called intensity
precipitation ( mm / hour ). The circumstances and intensity of rain in table 1. To
this research, intensity of rain precipitation intensity used is obtained from a
simulation rain. (Abidah, 2008)

Tabel 1. Circumstances and intensity of rainfall

State
Rainfall

Intensity Rainfall (mm)

1 Hour

1 Hour

<1

<5

Light rain

15

5 - 20

Normal rain

5 10

20 50

Heavy rain

10 20

50 100

>20

>100

Very light rain

Very heavy rain

(Yusran, 2004)

1.2.

Measurement of Infiltration Capacity and Infiltration rate

Infiltration is the process of water flow (derived generally from rainfall)

right inside the ground. Percolation is a process continuance flow water from
infiltration into the soil deeper. The opposite of infiltration is seepage. The
maximum movement water inside the land is called capacity infiltration. Capacity
infiltration occurs when rain intensity beyond the ability the ground in absorbing
moisture the ground. Otherwise when rain intensity smaller than capacity
infiltrating, then the rate infiltration equals the rate of rainfall. The rate infiltration
generally expressed in unit equal to satuan rainfall, namely the millimeter per hour
( mm / hour ). Water infiltration that return not to atmosphere through a process
evapotranspiration will be ground water forever flow down rivers around.
(Yusran, 2004)
One of the processes related to the distribution of rain falling to the earth's
surface is infiltration. Infiltration is the entry process or the seep water from above
ground into the earth. If the rainwater to seep into the soil to increase soil moisture
levels to reach field capacity. On the conditions of the incoming water, airy
capacity becomes percolation and fill the lower energy region of tremendous
potential so as to encourage the onset of flow between (interflow) and other
subsurface flow (base flow). (Yusran, 2004) Layer of water are groundwater can
move in any direction with the help of plant uptake and infiltration process is
largely determined by the amount of water that enters the soil in a period.
Infiltration rate is directly affected by soil texture, ground cover, moisture levels
in the soil, soil temperature, and type of precipitation. (Indarto, 2010)
Using Rainfall Simulator Tool
The basic principle of this device is maker rain artificial in all their
intensity according desired. Rain this artificial will irrigating a swath land with
space certain comparable to size of a device this device. Rain artificial operated
by intensity suit that has been set forth beforehand and since the same time all the
water out of swath land recorded. Registration continued until one day debits are
out of swath land reach a fixed value. When this state is reached, the artificial rain
can be stopped. In such circumstances means have achieved a balance between
rainfall, runoff (runoff) and infiltration. (Anonim, 1992)

At the time of artificial rain has stopped does not mean the discharge out
of the plot was stopped. Therefore there is still a catchment surface, then there is
still flow out of the plot. So the flow measurement needs to be continued until
discharge coming out of the plot of land equal to zero. After running the tool and
keeping the old, the difference I (intensity) and q (runoff) becomes almost
constant. After artificial rain stopped, the runoff does not immediately stop, but in
a recession because there is still stuck in the surface water as water infiltration
detention therefore still happening, though small velocity. The resulting runoff
hydrograph will have a rose branch (during rain) and a decreasing branch (after
the cessation of rainfall). The number (IQ) at any time between zero and te show
the same loss and the amount of infiltration (F) and backup detention (D), fa is
determined when the difference (IQ) remains constant. (Anonim, 1992)
Conclusion
The intensity of the rains largely determine the size, surface runoff can be
obtained from observations in the field. The magnitude of the rainfall intensity
will depend on the length of the rain and dense as well as the frequency of rain
with the compared between high rainfall with duration of rain in units of mm.
capacity of infiltration occurs when rain intensity exceeds the ability of absorbing
soil moisture in the soil. Otherwise, once the rain intensity is less than the
infiltration capacity, infiltration rate equal to the rate of precipitation.

References
Ummu, Abidah, 2008, Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Intensitas Curah Hujan
Dan Kepadatan Tanah Terhadap Kemampuan Infiltrasi Dan Limpasan
Permukaan Pada Suatu Lereng, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Universitas
Hasanuddin, Makassar.
Masnawir, Yusran, 2004. Studi Eksperimental Hubungan Intensitas Curah Hujan
Dengan Kapasitas Infiltrasi, Skripsi, Program Sarjana Uiversitas
Hasanuddin, Makassar.
Suripin, 2002. Pelestarian Sumber Daya Tanah dan Air, Andi, Yogyakarta.
Anonim, 1992, Instruction Manual Rainfall Simulator, Armfield Ltd., Hampshire,
London.
Indarto, 2010. Hidrologi: Dasar Teori dan contoh aplikasi Model Hidrologi, PT.
Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
http://www.kelair.bppt.go.id/Sitpa/Artikel/Sumur/sumur.html, acces at 11
December 2013.