Q.

1 FIND rs AND (r-1)s of the following n digit numbers

(i) AFB6,r=16,n=4
(ii) 546700 ,r=10,n=9
Q2.(A) Perform the addition of the given two integers
following 2s complement representation: i) 65 + (- 32),
ii) 99 + 29. Give reasons for your answers. [ 4 marks]
(B) Represent the decimal numbers 127.625 in IEEE 754
single format (precision) and the decimal number 1.0
in IEEE 754 double format (precision). [4 marks]
(C) Like 2s complement notation for binary, one can
have 16s complement notation for signed number
representation in hexadecimal system. (i) Find the
range of hexadecimal values that can be represented
in four digit format using 16s complement system.
(ii) Obtain the hex digit contents for largest ve
number
and
largest
+ve
number
that
can
be
represented in 4 digit signed hex format. (iii) Find
the value of 9DEA as a signed hexadecimal number
giving explanation for your answer. [6 marks].
(D) Carry out the multiplication of two +ve integer
numbers: 17 (multiplicand) and 22 (multiplier) using
five bit format. Clearly show the steps of add and
shift operations. Also verify the answer. [4 marks]
1. Represent the following decimal numbers in 2s
complement using 8 bit format. Four bits are reserved
for representing the integer number while 4 bits to the
left of binary points are reserved for representing
fraction. The binary point separates the integer and
the fraction parts of the number and does not require
any additional bit for storage.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

1.75
-1.75
7.875
-7.875

2. Generalizing the idea of 2s complement representation

for signed binary numbers, show the range of numbers in
9s complement using 2 bit, 3 bit and 4 bit
representations. Also explain how would you distinguish
between positive and negative numbers in this system.

3 Represent the decimal values 25., -39, 128, -0.123,

2.75 as a signed 8 bit binary in (i) signed magnitude
format and (ii) 2s complement format.
(Note that for real numbers, the binary point is after
4 bits from left, while integers are to be represented
with 8 bits)
4. Using the 8-bit 2s complement representation, perform
the following additions and verify the results. In case
there is an overflow-error indicate it and give
reasons.
(a) 82 + 46
(b) 70 55
(c) 21-107
(d) 50
66
5. Express the following numbers in IEEE 32-bit floating
point format. Note that some values may require denormalised form. If the representation is not exact,
find the error.
(i) 2.0
(ii) 1000.0
(iii) 384
23/4 x 2100
(vi) 23/4 x 2-100
(vii) 23/4 x 2-135
2-135
(ix) 1/10 x 210 (x) 2-140 (xi) -1.5

(iv) 23/4 (v)

(viii) 23/4 x

6. (a) What do the following bit patterns represent in

IEEE 32 bit format:
(i) 1
(ii) 0
(iii)
(iv) 1
(v) 0
(vi) 0

00000000 00000000000000000000
11111111 00000000000000000000
0
11111111 00000000000000000001
00000000 00000000000000000101
00000000 10000000000000000000
01111111 00000000000000000000

4. Represent the given integers in binary number system in

these formats: (a) sign and magnitude (b) 1s
complement, and (c) 2s complement. Use 8-bit
representation. i) -1,
ii) -42, iii) 56 and iv)
-128.
5.

What is the range of signed values that can be

represented in 8 bits using 2s complement notation.
What is the same for unsigned numbers? If we try to
add two signed numbers whose sum exceeds the limits
of 8-bit signed representation (such as adding -100
and -63) then what happens? Show by actual addition.

6.

In IEEE single and double precisions

representations of the floating point numbers, a
biased exponent (BE) is used instead of actual
exponent (AE). Why?

7.

Show the bit contents in IEEE single precision

format for the following numbers:
(i) -0,
(ii) + 0, (iii) - , (iv) + , (v)
1.0 (vi) -16.0 (vii) 3.1415

8. Show the steps in the addition of the numbers (a) 2.4 x

104 and (b) 0.025 using IEEE single precision
format. Produce normalized result.
9. Develop a 10s complement notation for signed decimal
numbers like 2s complement system for signed binary
numbers. Show how negative decimal values such as
-25 will be written using 10s compliment notation.
10.

Write a brief paragraph about denormalised floating

point numbers in the context of IEEE single/double
precision format.

11.

Design a floating point scheme for 8-bit format. Use

excess-3 exponent. What will be the smallest and
largest positive numbers possible in this format?
Write a representation of 7.5 in this format and
indicate whether the representation is exact or
approximate.

12.

Using 8bit representation, perform the

following additions in 2s complement notation: i) 64
+ 64, ii) 64 60, iii) -64 64, iv) 76 32
and v) 100 + 50. Explain whether addition is
possible or not giving reasons.

13.

Show steps in the

unsigned numbers 23 and 10.

multiplication

of

14.

In IEEE single and double precisions

representations of the floating point numbers, the
biased exponent (BE) is used instead of actual
exponent (AE). Why? BE and AE are related as BE =
AE + constant positive integer. Explain how the
constant positive integers are chosen for single
and double precisions representations.

15.

single

Show the bit contents for IEEE

precision for the following special numbers:
i) -0,
ii) + 0, iii) -
, iv) +
NaN (not a number).

and v)

16.

Represent these decimal values in IEEE single

format: 0.7; -10.3; 128.1
17. Write the steps to add two floating point numbers
in the IEEE single format (precision). The two
numbers are are: 4.3 x 104 and 0.035.
Write the
result in the normalized form.