Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Karel imonovsk
Traduccin en espaol
Nuria Lorite Ayn
Primera edicin en espaol
Julio 2013
ISBN: xxxxxxxxxxxx
Primera edicin en espaol
Julio 2013
Traduccin: Nuria Lorite Ayn, nurialoriteayan@gmai.com
Este manual es para profesionales de medicina tradicional china.
Todos los derechos son reservados. Ninguna parte de este libro puede ser
reproducida, almacena en un sistema de recuperacin , o transmitida en ninguna
forma electrnica, mecnica, fotocopiada, magnetogrfica, u otra sin permiso escrito
del autor y del editor.
www.renmai.es
Manual MRL
para profesionales de MTC
Karel imonovsk
Primera edicin en espaol
ndice
Pgina
Introduccin
10
Mtodo de produccin
10
10
Reishi-Ganoderma MRL
11
Cordyceps-MRL
16
Coriolus-MRL
21
Shiitake-MRL
28
Maitake-MRL
31
Tritn-MRL
33
Pleurotus-MRL
34
Blazei-MRL
37
Hericium-MRL
40
Polyporus-MRL
43
Auricularia-MRL
47
Poria-MRL
50
Chaga-MRL
53
56
www.renmai.es
TRITN
REISHI
CORDYCEPS
PLEUROTUS
Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum
Cordyceps sinensis
Pleurotus ostreatus
Lentinula edodes
Dongchongxiacao
,
Lingzhi , Xianggu
Lingzhi
Dongchongxiacao
Pinggu
Reishi
Tochukaso
Hiratake
Cordyceps sinensis
Usos
Acciones
Foto
MRL
Antiinflamatoria,
Combinacin de las acciones
antihistamnica,
de Cordyceps, Reishi
antialrgica, gota, tumores,
y Shiitake
detoxificacin heptica.
Apoyo y equilibrio de la
RESPUESTA
INMUNOLGICA
Apoya el sistema
inmunolgico, fatiga, asma.
Buen apoyo general para
RESISTENCIA E
INMUNIDAD
Rigidez de ligamentos y
tendones, colesterol alto,
lumbalgia, eczemas,
inmunidad, venas
varicosas.
Buen apoyo para el
CONTROL DEL
COLESTEROL
Parece probable que, tanto la intensa actividad enzimtica, como las destacables
propiedades toxificadoras de especies reactivas de oxgeno (ROS, por sus siglas en
ingls) que presentan los hongos se deban, de hechoa los medios en donde viven los
hongos, que suelen ser inhspitos y con abundantes radicales libres, con lo que los
hongos han de protegerse a s mismos (Karmali 2004). Es importante destacar que
estas enzimas se encuentran casi exclusivamente en los micelios de los hongos y, por
ello, los productos derivados de los cuerpos fructferos posiblemente tengan unos
niveles de actividad enzimtica considerablemente ms bajos que los productos
derivados de los micelios. En el manual se describe la actividad enzimtica de cada
uno de los hongos MRL ms adelante.
En las siguientes pginas, el profesional podr encontrar las descripciones del efecto
de la nutricin con hongos sobre la salud desde la perspectiva de la ciencia moderna,
as como desde el punto de vista tradicional, especialmente de la cultura oriental.
Para conseguir informacin ms detallada sobre la nutricin con hongos,
recomendamos al profesional realizar las bsquedas desde las secciones de
referencias que se presentan en el apartado descriptivo de cada hongo. Estas
secciones contienen referencias concretas de literatura, estudios cientficos y bases
de datos.
Referencias sobre nutricin con hongos para ampliar conocimientos
(El idioma original de las referencias del manual es ingls sino, se especifica)
Ahern W. The Potential Role of Mushroom Nutrition in Sports Supplementation. Mycology News, vol. 1, ed. 6, 2002.
Anke H, Sterner O. Comparison of the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of twenty unsaturated sesquiterpene dialdehydes from plants and
mushrooms. Planta Med 57: 344-346 (1991)
Baier J. Mushrooms inthe forest and in the kitchen. Beta-Dobrovsk-ev k. 2003. ISBN 80-7306-088-4 [in Czech]
Brandt CR, Piraino F. Mushroom antivirals. Recent Res Dev Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;4:1126.
Hadden J. ed. [et al.] Advances in immunopharmacology: proceedings of the First International Conference on Immunopharmacology, July 1980,
Brighton, England.
Hawksworth DL. Mushrooms: the extent of the unexplored potential. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2001;3:3337.
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Chang ST. Mushroom research and developmentequality and mut ual benefit. In: Royse DJ, editor. Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Pennsylvania State University; 1996. pp. 110.
Jablonsk I, aek V. Edible and medicinal mushrooms cultivation and ap plicaiton. Brzda. 2006. ISBN 80-209-0341-0 [in
Czech] Jablonsk I, Srb A, aek V. Cultivation of edible mushrooms. Sttn zemdlsk nakladatelstv. 1985. [en checo]
Jablonsk I. Cooking with exotic and medicinal mushrooms. Brzda. 2007. ISBN 978-80-209-0354-9 [en checo]
Karmali A. The Possible Role of Mushroom Nutrition as a Delivery Agent for Enzyme Therapy in Cancer Care Chemic al and Biological
Properties of Mushroom Nutrition. Mycology News, vol. 1, ed. 7, Aneid Press, 2003
Karmali A. Detoxification - The Role of Mushroom Nutrition. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 9. 2004
Koch J, Witt S, Lindequist U. The influence of selected basidiomycetes on the binding of lipopolysaccharide to its receptor. Int J Med Mushrooms.
2002;4:22935.
Lelley J. Die Heilkraft der Pilze. Berlin: ECON-Verlag; 1997.
Lepov A.Mushrooms as life elixir. Vkend. 2005. ISBN 80-7222-369-0 [en checo]
Lindequist U, Niedermeyer THJ, Jlich WD. The Pharmacological Potential of Mushrooms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2005
September; 2(3): 285299. doi: 10.1093/ecam/neh107.
Lindequist U, Teuscher E, Narbe G. Neue Wirkstoffe aus Basidiomyceten. Z Phytother. 1990;11:13949. [en alemn].
Liu JK, Hu L, Dong ZJ, HQ. DPPH radical scavenging activity of ten natural p-terphenyl derivatives obtained from three edible mushrooms
indigenous to China. Chem Biodivers. 2004;1:6015.
Maciocia G. Medicinal Mushrooms in TCM. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 2, 2000. Aneid Press.
Melzig MF, Pieper S, Siems WE, Heder G, Bttger A, Liberra K, et al. Screening of selected basidiomycetes for inhibitory activity on neutral
endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Pharmazie. 1996;51:5013.
Mizuno T. The extraction and development of antitumor-active polysaccharides from medicinal mushrooms in Japan (review). Int J Med Mushrooms.
1999;1:930.
Monro J. Cytokine TH1 Immune Response vs Cytokine TH2 Immune Response. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 5, 2001. Aneid Press.
Molitoris HP. Mushrooms in medicine. Folia Microbiol. 1994;39:918.
Mueller EA, Anderer FA. Synergistic action of a plant rhamnogalacturonan enhancing antitumor cytotoxicity of human natural killer and
lymphokinactivated killer cells: chemical specific ity of target cell recognition. Cancer Research. 1990;50:36463651.
Powell M. eds. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 1, 1999. Aneid Press.
www.renmai.es
Powell M. eds. Mushroom Nutrition in theTreatment of Mylagic Encephaloyelomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Immune dysfunction syndrome
(CFIDS). Mycology News, vol 1, ed 3, 2000. Aneid Press.
Reshetnikov SV, Wasser SP, Tan KK. Higher basidiomycetes as a source of antitumor and immunostimulating polysaccharides (review). Int J Med
Mushrooms. 2001;3:36194.
Sano M, Yoshino K, Matsuzawa T, Ikekawa T. Inhibitory effects of edible higher basidiomycetes mushroom extracts on mouse type IV allergy. Int
J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:3741.
Semerdzieva M, Veselsky J. Medicinal mushrooms now and in the past. Academia Praha; 1986. [en checo]
Shi YL, James AE, Benzie IFF, Buswell JA. Genoprotective activity of edible and medicinal mushroom components. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;
6:114.
Teplkov J .Mushrooms known and exotic.Cultivation and culinary application. Vyehrad. 2004. ISBN 80-7021-762-6 [ en
checo] Valek P. Medicinal mushrooms of China and Vietnam (a-i). Volume 1. Start. 2009. ISBN 978-80-86231-48-8 [en checo]
Valek P. Plants for healthy life. JB Start. 2007. ISBN 978-8086231-40-2 [en checo]
Waldron KW, Selvendran RR. 1993. Bioactive cell wall and related components from herbal products and edible organs as protective factors. In
ood and cancer prevention: chemical and biological aspects. Waldron KW, Johnson IT, Fenwick GR, eds. Royal Society
Wasser SP, Nevo E, Sokolov D, Reshetnikov S. Timot-Tismenetsky M. Dietary supplements from medicinal mushrooms: diversity of types and
variety of regulations. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2000;2:119.
Wasser SP, Weis AL. Medicinal properties of substances occurring in higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms: current perspectives (review). Int J Med
Mushrooms. 1999;1:3162.
Wasser SP. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol - 01-NOV-2002;
(3): 258-74
www.renmai.es
Nombre
Presentacin
Cientfico
Pgina
Japons
Chino
AURICULARIAMRL
Heimurer
P250
Auricularia
Kikurage
T90
BLAZEI-MRL
P250
Jisongrong
Agaricus blazei
Himematsutake
T90
CORIOLUS-MRL
P250
Hunzhi
Coriolus versicolor
Kawaratake
P250
Houtougu
Hericium erinaceus
Yamabushitake
T90
MAITAKE-MRL
P250
Huishuhua
Grifola frondosa
Maitake
T90
PLEUROTUS-MRL
P250
Pinggu
Pleurotus ostreatus
Hiratake
P250
Zzhuling
Polyporus umbellatus
Chorei
REISHI-MRL
P250
T90
T250
Fuling
Poria cocos
Bukuryo, Matsuhodo
T250
T90
TRITON-MRL
P250
2
6
2
9
3
8
4
4
Ganoderma lucidum
Lingzhi
Reishi
T90
SHIITAKE-MRL
3
5
T90
PORIA-MRL
1
6
T90
POLYPORUS-MRL
3
2
T90
HERICIUM-MRL
4
2
Xianggu
Lentinula edodes
Shiitake
2
3
Cordyceps sinensis,
Ganoderma lucidium,
Lentinula edodes
Tochukaso, Reishi,
Dongchongxiac
Shiitake
ao Lingzhi,
Xianggu
2
8
www.renmai.es
resultados de ensayos clnicos realizados con los productos MRL gracias al nfasi puesto
en la investigacin durante muchos aos. Por ello, MRL, adems de sus productos, puede
suministrar protocolos de suplementacin testados y probados para determinados usos.
Esta informacin puede emplearse para disear planes nutricionales para los usuarios, sus
familiares y clientes. En este manual, presentamos Noticias de Micologa y
Revista Clnica de Micologa (versiones en espaol de Mycology News y de
Clinical Journal of Mycology) para aquellos profesionales que desean
aprender ms. Ambas publicaciones estn dedicadas la inmunonutricin con
hongos y a programas de suplementacin concreto s. El objetivo del manual
es ofrecer informacin acerca del uso clnico de los hongos nutricionales a
los profesionales de la salud .
REISHI-GANODERMA MRL
En la naturaleza, el reishi (ganoderma)
crece en troncos y madera carcomida,
principalmente en las zonas costeras
de China. El reishi (ganoderma) se
encuentra en seis variedades de
diferentes colores, de las cuales la ms
cultivada es la variedad roja.
REISHI-MRL
Cientfico
Ganoderma lucidum
Sin.: Polyporus lucidus
Chino
Japons
Espaol
Lingzhi , Lingzhicao
Reishi, Mannentake
hongo Polyporus
www.renmai.es
Tropismo
Efectos
Indicaciones
dbil)
*
Corazn, Pulmn, Bazo (Hgado, Rin )
www.renmai.es
Las caractersticas puede variar segn diferentes autores y segn los mtodos de clasificacin., msen Ando, 2007.
Ando V. Pharmacology of Classical Chinese Medicine: 811-813. Svtn, 2007. [en checo]
Argento A, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M. Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction. [en italiano]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000
Apr-Jun;15(2):139-43. PMID: 10920504
Asatiani MD, Elisashvili VI, Wasser SP, Reznick AZ, Nevo E. Free-Radical Scavenging Activity of Submerged Mycelium Extracts from Higher
Basidiomycetes Mushrooms. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. Vol. 71 (2007) , No. 12 pp.3090-3092. doi:10.1271/bbb.70280
Boh B, Berovic M, Zhang J, Zhi-Bin L. Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds. Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2007;13:265-301.
Calvino, E. Manjon, J. L. Sancho, P. Tejedor, M. C. Herraez, A. Diez, J. C. Ganoderma lucidum induced apoptosis in NB4 human leukemia
cells: Involvement of Akt and Erk. Journal Of Ethnopharmacology. 2010, Vol 128; Number 1, Pages 71-78
El-Mekkawy S, Meselhy MR, Nakamura N, Tezuka Y, Hattori M, Kakiuchi N, et al. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from
Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry. 1998;49:16517.
Gao JJ, Min BS, Ahn EM, Nakamura N, Lee HK, Hattori M. New triterpene aldehydes, lucialdehydes A-C, from Ganoderma lucidum and
their cytotoxicity against murine and human tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull. 2002;50:83740
Gao Y, Dai X, Chen G, Ye J, Zhou S. A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd
(Aphylloromycetidae) polysaccharides (Ganopoly R) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2003;5:36981.
Gao Y, Lan J, Dai X, Ye J, Zhou S. A phase I/II study of ling zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.)Lloyd
(Aphyllophoromycetidae) extract in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;6:339.
Gao Y, Zhou S, Chen G, Dai X, Ye J, Gao H. A phase I/II study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P.Karst. (Ling Zhi, Reishi mushroom) extract
in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:23217.
Gao Y, Zhou S, Chen G, Dai X, Ye J. A phase I/II study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P.Karst. extract (Ganopoly) in patients with
advanced cancer. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:20714.
Hajjaj H, Mac C, Roberts M, Niederberger P, Fay LB. Effect of 26-Oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Activity as
Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 July; 71(7): 36533658. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.3653- 3658.2005.
Hikino H, Konno C, Mirin Y, Hayashi T. Isolation and hypoglycaemic activities of ganoderans A and B, glucans of Ganoderma lucidum
fruit bodies. Planta Med. 1985;51:33940.
Hirotani M, Ino C, Furuya T, Shiro M. Ganoderic acids T, S and R, new triterpenoids from the cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum.
Chem Pharm Bull. 1986;34:22825.
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Hsu SC, Au CC, Li JW, Chuang TC, Kuo HP, Liu JY, Chen CS, Lin SC, Su CH, Kao MC. Ganoderma tsugae extracts inhibit colorectal
cancer cell growth via G2/M cell cycle arrest. Journal of ethno-pharmacology. [ J. ethnopharmacol.. ], 2008, vol. 120, no 3, pp. 394 401.
Hua KF, Hsu HY, Chao LK, Chen ST, Yang WB, Hsu J, Wong CH. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides enhance CD14 endocytosis of
LPS and promote TLR4 signal transduction of cytokine expression. J Cell Physiol. 2007, Aug; 212(2):537-50.
Chan W, Cheung C, Law H, Lau Y, Chan G. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can induce human monocytic leukemia cells into dendritic
cells with immuno-stimulatory function. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 2008-01-01.
Chang HM, But PH. 1986. Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, Vol.1, Singapore: World Scientific
Chen K, Zhang W. 1987. Advances in antiaging herbal medicines in China, Abstracts of Chinese Medicina 1:309-330
Chen WC, Hau DM, Lee SS. 1995. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Krestin on cellular immuno-competence in gamma-ray irradiated mice. Am.
J. Chin. Med. 23:71-80
Chilton JS. 1994. The first international conference on mushroom biology and mushroom products, Herbalgram 31:57
Jiang JH, Slivova V, Valachovicova T, Harvey K, Sliva D. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate
cancer cells PC-3. Journal title : International journal of oncology. [ Int. j. oncol.. ] , 2004 , vol. 24 , no 5 , pp. 1093 1099.
Jong SC, M. Birmingham JM. 1992. Medicinal benefits of the mushroom Ganoderma. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 37:101-134
Kabir Y, Kimura S, Tamura T. Dietary Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Mushroom on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels in Spontaneously
Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. Vol.34 , No.4(1988)pp.433-438
Kang KH; Youn HM. Study on Anti-Allergic Effecst of Ganoderma lucidum Herbal Acupuncture and Ganoderma lucidum Extract. Journal of
Korean pharmacopuncture institute. Volume 10, Issue 3, December 2007, pp.37-46. DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2007.10.3.037
Kanmatsuse K, Kajiwara N, Hayashi K, Shimogaichi S, Fukinbara I, Ishikawa H, Tamura T. Studies on Ganoderma lucidum. I. Efficacy
against Hypertension and Side Effects. Yakugaku Zasshi. Vol.105 , No.10(1985)pp.942-947
Karmali A. Detoxification - The Role of Mushroom Nutrition. Mycology News, Volume 1, Edition 9. Sept. 2004.
www.renmai.es
Kim BK et al. 1994. Anti-HIV activities of Ganoderma lucidum. From Fitfth international Mycological Congress Abstracts, Vancouver, Bc, August
14-24, 1994
Kim HW, Kim BK. Biomedicinal triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P.Karst (Aphyllophoromycetidae). Int J Med Mushrooms.
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Kohda, H et al. 1985. The biologically active constituents of Ganoderma lucidum, Histamine release-inhibitory tripertens.
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[10 pgs.]
Lin ZB. Focus on Anti-Oxidative and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Ganoderma lucidum. The journal of applied pharmacology: the official
journal of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology, Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2004, pp.133-137.
Min BS; Lee HK; Bae KH; Gao JJ; Nakamura N; Hattori M. Antitumor Activity of Cultured Mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum. Natural product
sciences. Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2002, pp.52-54
Morigiwa A, Kitabatake K, Fujimoto Y, Ihekawa N. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum. Chem
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Mothana RAA, Awadh NAA, Jansen R, Wegner U, Mentel R, Lindequist U. Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes from the fungus Ganoderma
pfeifferi BRES. Fitoterapia. 2003;74:17780
Muralledharan Tr, Venkobachar Li. Further insight into the mechanism of biosorption of heavy metals by Ganoderma lucidum.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY; 15 (11). 1994. 1015-1027.
Murugesan K, Kim YM, Jeon JR, Chang YS. Effect of metal ions on reactive dye decolorization by laccase from Ganoderma lucidum. J Hazard
Mater. 2009 Aug 30;168(1):523-9. Epub 2009 Mar 6. PMID: 19356850
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Lucidum In Men With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms : A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized And Dose-Ranging Study. Nishi Nihon
hinyokika, 2008, vol. 70, no 9, pp. 466 - 472 [ 7 pages.]
Powell M. The Use of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in the management of histamine-mediated allergic responses. Nutrition Practitioner
October 2004 & Mycology News, vol 1, Edition 8, February 2004
Powell M. eds. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 2, 2000. Aneid Press.
Rubel Rl, Dalla Santa HS, Bonatto SJ, Bello Sr, Fernandes LC, Di Bernardi R, Gern J. Santos CA. Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum
(Leyss: Fr) Karst. Triggers Immunomodulatory Effects and Reduces Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Mice. Journal Of Medicinal Food. 2010, Vol 13;
Number 1, Pages 142-148.
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TGF-1 from prostate cancer cells. Biochemical And Biophysical Research Communications 2005 Vol 330; Number 1, Page(S) 46-52.
Stavinho W. et al. 1990. Study of the anti-inflammatory action of Ganoderma lucidum. Research paper presented at the third Academic/Industry
Joint Conference in Sapporo, Japan on Aug.18-20, 1990. From CA 113:52122n.
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Sudheesh NP, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK. Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst enhances activities of heart mitochondrial enzymes and respiratory
chain complexes in the aged rat. Biogerontology, 2009, vol. 10, no 5, pp. 627 - 636 [10 pgs. ]
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Tindall J. The Effectiveness of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) supplementation in the Treatment of Gout. Mycology News,vol.1, ed.10, Aug 2005
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(Polyporaceae): structures of ganoderic acids U-Z. J Chem Res Synop. 1983;12:299.
Toth JO, Luu B, Ourisson G. 1983. Ganoderic acid T and Z: cytotoxic triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum (Polyporaceae). Tetrahedron
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Valek P. Plants for healthy life: 170-172. JB Start, 2007. [en checo]
Wang CZ, Basila D, Aung HH, Mehendale SR, Chang WT, McEntee E, Guan X, Yuan CS. Effects of ganoderma lucidum extract on
chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a rat model. Am J Chin Med. 2005; 33(5):807-15.
Wang G, Zhao J, Liu J, Huang Y, Zhong JJ, Tang W. Enhancement of IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression and NK cells activity involved in the
anti-tumor effect of ganoderic acid Me in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Jun;7(6):864-70.
Wang HX, Ng TB. (2006) A laccase from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 72, 508-513
Wang J et al. Study of the action of Ganoderma lucidum on scavengin hydroxyl radical from plasma. J. Trad. Chin. Med. 5:55-60. 1985.
Wang MY, Liu Q, Che QM, Lin ZB. Effects of total triterpenoids extract from Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P.Karst. (Reishi Mushroom) on
experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride or d-galactosamine in mice. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:33742.
Wen Z, Li J, He S, Xiong S, He X. Effect of Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd mixture on experimental thrombosis [Article in Chinese]. Hunan Yi
Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1997;22(1):15-8. PMID: 9868019
Xie JT, Wang CZ, Wicks S, Yin JJ, Kong J, Li J, Li YC, Yuan CS. Ganoderma lucidum extract inhibits proliferation of SW 480 human
colorectal cancer cells. Exp Oncol. 2006, Mar; 28(1):25-9.
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Br. j. sports med.., 2008, vol. 42, no 10, pp. 519 - 522 [4 pgs.]
Zhou S, Gao Y. The immunomodulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P.Karst (LingZhi, Reishi
Mushroom) (Aphylloromycetidae). Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:111.
Zhu XL. Chen AF. Lin ZB. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides enhance the function of immunological effector cells
in immunosuppressed mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007, vol 111; number 2, pages 219-226.
Sus notas:
CORDYCEPS-MRL
Nuestro hongo de la oruga
CORDYCEPS-MRL
proviene de una lnea de
Cordyceps
originaria
de
Cientfico Cordyceps sinensis
elevadas altitudes en Nepal
Chino
Dongchongxiacao
hongo de la oruga rojo (C. militaris) puede competir con el hongo de la oruga,
Indicaciones
Sabor: dulce
Naturaleza: tibia
Pulmn, Rin
Nutre el yin de Pulmn (calor arriba),
Tonifica el yang de Rin (fro abajo),
Tonifica el Qi, nutre la Esencia (jing), tonifica el Qi defensivo, wei Qi,
Disuelve la Flema, frena el sangrado.
Impotencia, dolor lumbar, tos crnica, dificultad respiratoria, defensas
bajas
Propiedades Qumicas y Biolgicas de 500 mg de biom asa o 1 tableta (750 mg) de CORDYCEPS-MRL
Ingrediente activo Cordyceps sinensis biomasa 500 mg
Agentes
Celulosa microcristalina, slce, estearato de magnesio vegetal
aglomerantes (en
tabletas)
Enzimas activas
Contenido de protena 8.4 mg
Actividad de superxido dismutasa 77.1 mU
Azcares reductores 265.6 mg
Citocromo P-450 0.25 nmoles
Polisacridos ligados a protena 82.1 mg
Citocromo P-450 reductasa 4.14 mU
Actividad de peroxidasa 57.2 mU
Metabolitos secundarios (inhibidores de trombina)
56 %
Actividad de proteasa 5.6 mU
Akaki, J. Matsui, Y. Kojima, H. Nakajima, S. Kamei, K. Tamesada, M. Structural analysis of monocyte activation constituents in
cultured mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Fitoterapia Milano. 2009, Vol 80; Number 3, Pages 182-187.
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Phytochemistry. 1999;51:8918.
Dai DL, Shen W, Yu HF, Guan XQ, Yi YF. Effect of Cordyceps Sinensis on Uncoupling Protein 2 in Experimental Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty
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Phytochemistry 22:2509-2511. 1983
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Gong M et al. Molecular structure and immunoactivity of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis. Shengwu Huaxue Zazhi. 6:486-492.
From CA 114:94819w. 1990
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on diabetes in STZ-induced rats. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:11125.
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www.renmai.es
CORIOLUS-MRL
CORIOLUS-MRL
Cola de pavo es uno de los
Coriolus versicolor
principales hongos empleados Cientfico Sin.: Polyporus versicolor,
Trametes versicolor
en casos de enfermedades
Chino
Yunzhi
cancergenas.
Japons
Kawaratake
Cientficos
japoneses
han Otros
Cola de pavo
investigado las
propiedades
inmunoestimulantes de ciertas plantas y hongos desde la dcada de los aos 60 del
pasado siglo XX, enfocando el estudio de los hongos en los
Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) y Lentinula edodes (Shiitake)
final de dicha dcada, un extracto acuoso caliente de edodes,
inhibi completamente el crecimiento de sarcoma 1 en
implante subcutaneo en ratones ICR. El Professor Goro
Chihara aisl y purific del extracto un polisacrido mostraba
una clara actividad antitumoral, y lo denomin
polisacrido Lentinan . Sin embargo, se mostr que Lentinan
(2)
muy txico para los usos clnicos prolongados .
(1)
A mediados de la pasada dcada de los 70, Kureha Chemical Industry Company cedi
los derechos de comercializacin de Krestin a Sankyo Pharmaceutical Company.
Bajo la direccin de Sankyo, las ventas de Kresti n ascendieron a 600 millones de
dlares en Japn, donde el Krestin se c ontina an prescribiendo con los
quimioteraputicos como inmunomodulador inespecfico para pacientes con cncer.
En 1979, CEPA, la compaa farmacutica espaola, resentp Krestin en Espaa para
obtener el registro como producto farmacutico. Sin embargo, en 1983 el Krestin fue
rechazado por las autoridades sanitarias espaolas debido a la ausencia de un nico
principio activo identificable que pudiera explicar el "mecanismo de accin". En dos
aos la FDA de Estados Unidos tom la misma decisin, por la misma razn. Como
los hongos son polisacridos complejos, incluso en su forma de extracto, no existe un
nico principio activo responsable de un nico mecanismo de
www.renmai.es
www.renmai.es
Agentes
aglomerantes (en
tabletas)
Enzimas activas
El siguiente texto est basado en una presentacin de la Dra. Jean Monro (Breakspear Hospital) en el Tercer Simposio
Internacional sobre Nutricin con Hongos celebrado en Miln, Italia en Marzo del 2001 (copias com- pletas disponibles
previa peticin en Mycology Research Laboratories Ltd. e-ma il: info@aneid.pt).
www.renmai.es
Interleucina 12 (IL12): Activa las clulas NK, trabaja en sinergia con IL2 induciendo las
clulas NK, aumenta la respuesta alognica CTL y potencia la proliferacin de clulas
sanguneas perifricas en reposo inducida por IL-2.
Interfern Gamma (INF-g) Producido por linfocitos T (subtipo TH1) y por clulas NK.
Se considera que el cuerpo se encuentra en un estado de equilibrio inmunitario cuando
hay un equilibrio dinmico entre los estados de respuestas inmunes TH1 y TH2 en un
periodo de 24 horas. Sin embargo, cuando se produce un cambio en el cuerpo a un estado
inmune TH2 y no se puede volver a un estado TH1, entonces se ha producido un cambio de
TH1 a TH2.
Con un cambio de TH1 a TH2, el patrn de citocinas se queda bloqueado en un patrn
reparador inflamatorio, con la consecuente disminucin de los niveles de clulas NK y la
perpetuacin de enfermedades infecciosas.
En particular, un cambio de TH1 a TH2 crea condiciones favorables para la proliferacin
continuada de afecciones relacionadas con TH2, tales como asma y artritis reumatoide, as
como para la cronificacin de afecciones virales, i ncluyendo el sndrome de fatiga crnica
y disfuncin inmune, SFCDI o CFIDS, por sus siglas en ingls, (anteriormente llamado
encefalomielitis milgica, EM), VIH y hepatitis C.
www.renmai.es
Semana
Tabletas
/Da
Tabletas/
semana
1.
6
42
2.
6
42
3.
3
21
4.
3
21
5.
3
21
6.
3
21
7.
3
21
8.
3
21
3 bottles of Coriolus-MRL with 90
n total de tabletas usadas
Tab.2. Dr. Monro Protocolo de
Suplementacin Coriolus-MRL
(1)
Goro Chihara. Medical Aspects of Lentinan Isolated From Lentin us Edodes (Berk) Sing Biotechnology Research Centr e, Tikyo University, Nogawa
907, Miya-mae-ku, Kawasaki 213, Japan. Chapter 27-Musrhoom Biology and Musrhoom Products-Preceedings of the Second International ConferenceUniversity Park, Pennsylvania June 9-12, 1996. Editedy by D.J.Royce.
(2)
Takeo Mori, Tadaaki Sakai, Ichiji Itoh. Translation of Cancer Immunotherapy 1977 Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Published by
Life Science August 5th, 1977.
(3)
Hiroshi Sakagami, Minoru Takeda. Diverse Biological Activity of PSK (Krestin), A Protein-Bound Polyssacharide from Coriolus versicolor
(Fr.) Quel. First Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142, Japan, Page 237
Chapter 25 Mushroom biology and Mushroom Products Proceedings of the Second International Conferen ce University Park, Pennsylvania
June 9-12, 1996, Editedy by D.J.Royce.
(4)(5) (6)
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Therapies. 2007, vol 13; number 4, pages 178-182
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Basidiomycetes Mushrooms. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. Vol. 71 (2007) , No. 12 pp.3090-3092. doi:10.1271/bbb.70280
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Bastos G. Mushroom Nutrition as Immunonutrition in Dogs. Mycology News, vol. 1, ed 10. 2005
Bates GA. The Use of Mushroom Nutrition in Prostate Cancer: A Case Study. Mycology News, vol. 1, ed 10. 2005.
Catita J. The Use of Coriolus-MRL Supplementation in Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 4, 2000. Aneid
Press
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Sci. 1997;60:PL3837.
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280, pages 77-81.
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Mycology. 2009 vol 2, ed 2
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by human papiloma virus. Abstratcs of Sixth International conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Bonn. 2008
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Edition 7. Sept. 2003.
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research 22 (3): 173754. 2002. ISSN 0250-7005. PMID 121688 63
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Han SS, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Antimetastatic and Immunomodulating Effect of Water Extracts From Various Mushrooms. Journal Of
Acupuncture And Meridian Studies, 2009, vol 2; number 3, pages 218-227.
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Vucini Z, Stosi-Grujici S. (2008) Anti-tumor effect of Coriolus versicolor methanol extract against mouse B16 melanoma cells: in vitro and in
vivo study. Food Chem Toxicol 46, 1825-1833.
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leukemia xenografts and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Oncology Reports. 2006, vol 16; numb 3, pages 609-616
Hobbs Ch. Mushroom nutrition the treatment of fatigue related conditions. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 3, 2000. Aneid Press.
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42(9):976-84.
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Jimnez-Medina E, Berruguilla E, Romero I, AlgarraI, Collado A, Garrido F, Garcia-Lora A. The immunomodulator PSK induces in vitro
cytotoxic activity in tumour cell lines via arrest of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. BMC Cancer, 2008, vol 8, nr 1.
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coriolus versicolor QUIL and oxidative stress relief in cancer patients. Mol. Biother 4, 1992. 40-46.
Karmali A. Detoxification - The Role of Mushroom Nutrition. Mycology News, Volume 1, Edition 9. Sept. 2004.
Karmali A, Bugalho A, Fernandes T. Coriolus versicolor Supplementation in CIN-1 (LSIL) HPV Infection: Mode of Action. Clinical Journal of
Mycology, vol 2, ed. 1. 2007
Kenyon J. Observational non-controlled study of the use of Coriolus versicolor supplementation in 30 cancer patients. Mycology News, Volume 1,
Edition 7. Sept. 2003.
Kidd P.M. The Use of Mushroom Glucans and Proteoglycans in Cancer Treatment. Altern. Med. Med. Rev., 5 (1):4-27; 2000.
Kobayashi Y, Kariya K, Saigenji K, Nakamura K. Suppression of cancer cell growth in vitro by the protein bound polysaccharide of
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Kobayashi Y, Kariya K, Saigenji K. Suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation of the enhancement of Actividad de superxido dismuta
sa associated with the Polisacridos ligados a protenaof Coriolus versicolor QUEL Cancer Biother 1994;9(2):171-178.
Kryger A. MRL Sports Sponsorship Program. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 2, 2000. Aneid Press.
Lee CL, Sit WH, Jiang PP, So IW, Wan JM. Polysaccharopeptide mimics ciclosporin-mediated Th1/Th2 cytokine balance for suppression
of activated human T cell proliferation by MAPKp38 and STAT5 pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;60(11):1491-9, PMID: 18957170.
Liu WK, Ng TB, Sze SF, Tsuui KW. Activation of peritoneal macrophages by polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom, Coriolus versicolor Immunopharmacology 1993 Sep;26(2):139-146.
Lorite N. The Relationship between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), F i b romyalgia and Rheumatoid Arthritis - A Clinical
Perspective. Mycology News, Volume 1, Edition 6. 2002.
Martinez MC. Testing Epstein-Barr Virus while using Coriolus versicolor Supplementation for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mycology
News, Volume 1, Edition 6. 2002.
Mayer P, Drews J. The effect of a Polisacridos ligados a protenafrom Coriolus versicolor on immunological parameters and experimental
infections in mice. J Infection 1980;8 (1):13-21.
Mitomi T, Tsuchiya S, Iijima N, Aso K, Suzuki K, Nishiyama K, et al. Randomized, controlled study on adjuvant immunochemotherapy with
PSK in curatively resected colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35:12330
Monro J. Coriolus: Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome, Journal of Integrative Medicine, 8:101-108, 2004
Monro J. Cytokine Th1 to Th2 Shift can be Reversed by Coriolus Prospective Trial for HPV Control with Coriolus. Mycology News, vol 1, edition
10, 2005
Monro J. Pioneering Work at Breakspear Hospital on Coriolus Supplementation for CFIDS/ME patients. Mycology News, vol 1, ed 4, 2000. Aneid
Press
Monro J. Treatment of Cancer with Mushroom Products. Archives of Environmental Health, August 2003 (Vol. 58 (no.
8)). Monro J. Use of Coriolus versicolor in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mycology News, vol 1, edition 10. 2005
Ng TB, Chan WY. Polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor possesses analgesic activity but does not produce adverse
effects on female reproductive or embryonic development in mice. Gen Pharmacol 1997 Aug;29(2):269-273.
Ng TB. A review of research on the Polisacridos ligadosa protenafrom the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. Gen Pharmacol. 30. 1-4. 1998.
Pfeiffer M. The Clinical Use of Coriolus versicolor Supplementation in HIV+ Patients and its Impact on CD4 Count and Viral Load. Mycology
News, vol 1, ed 5, 2001. Aneid Press
Sagar SM, Wong RK. Chinese medicine and biomodulation in cancer patientsPart two. Curr Oncol. 2008 April; 15(2): 78.
Sharma R. Coriolus versicolor Supplementation in Leaky Gut Syndrome. Mycology News, vol 1, edition 10. Aneid Press, 2005
Szeto M. Coriolus versicolor extracts: relevance in cancer management. Curr Oncol. 2008 April; 15(2): 79.
Valek P. Plants for healthy life: 172-174. JB Start, 2007. [In Czech]
Wang HX, NG TB, Liu WK, Ooi VE, Chang ST. Polysaccharide-peptide complexes from the cultured mycelia of the mushroom
Coriolus versicolor and their culture medium activate mouse lymphocytes and macrophages J Biochem Cell Biol 1996 May;28(5):601-607.
Sus notas:
www.
SHIITAKE-MRL
Este hongo que crece en
SHIITAKE-MRL
madera foliable,
con
un Cientfico
Lentinula edodes
sombrerillo marrn y rojizo, y
Anteriores: Lentinus
edodes, Agaricus edodes
arilo blanco se encuentra en
Chino
Xianggu ,
Japn, China y en otros pases
Donggu , Huagu
asiticos con clima templado.
Japons
Shiitake
Se ha utilizado en Japn y
Otros
Hongo chino negro,
China
como
hongo
Actividad de proteasa9.1 U
Actividad de superxido dismutasa 18.9 U
Citocromo P-450 1.1 nmoles
Citocromo P-450 reductasa 13.49 mU
www.renmai.es
Goro Chihara. Medical Aspects of Lentinan Isolated From Lentin us Edodes (Berk) Sing Biotechnology Research Centr e, Tokyo University, Nogawa
907, Miya-mae-ku, Kawasaki 213, Japan. Chapter 27-Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products-Preceedings of the Second International ConferenceUniversity Park, Pennsylvania June 9-12, 1996. Editedy by D.J.Royce.
(2)
Takeo Mori, Tadaaki Sakai, Ichiji Itoh. Translation of "Cancer Immunotherapy 1977 Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Published by
Life Science August 5th, 1977.
Amagase H. et al. L.E.M. May be Effective Against Treating Hepatitis B Cases. Abstr. 197 Gastroenterology World Congress, Lisbon, 1984.
Aoki T. Lentinan. In Imune Modulation Agens and Their Me chianism. R.L.Fenichel and M. A. Chirgis, etds. Immunology Studies. 25:6277. 1984b
Arinaga et al. Enhanced production of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor by peripheral monocytes after lentinan administration in patients
with gastric carcinoma. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 14:43-47. 1992a
Arinaga S. Enhanced induction of lymphokine-activated killer activity after lentinan administration in patients with gastric carcinoma. Int J
Immunopharmacol 1992 14(4), 535-53
Badalyan SM. Antiprotozoal activity and mitogenic effect of mycelium of culinary-medicinal shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer
(Agaricomycetidae). Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;6:1318.
Cao X et al. Immunostimulation by polysaccharide of Lentinus edodes in mice. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi. 14:110-111, 101. In CA 110:205270z.
1989
de Lima PLA et al. Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (Shiitake) modulates genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by alkylating agents in
vivo. Mutation Research / Genetic Toxicology and Enviromental Mutagenesis, Volume 496, Number 20th September 2001, pp. 23-32(10).
Gordon M, Bihari B, Goosby E, Gorter R, Greco M, Guralnik M, Mimura T, Rudinicki V, Wong R, Kaneko Y. A placebo-controlled trial of
the immune modulator, lentinan, in HIV-positive patients: a phase I/II trial. J Med. 1998;29(5-6):305-330.
Gordon M, Guralnik M, Kaneko Y, Mimura T, Goodgame J, DeMarzo C, Pierce D, Baker M, Lang W. A phase II controlled study of a
combination of the immune modulator, lentinan, with didanosine (ddI) in HIV patients with CD4 cells of 200-500/mm3. J Med 1995;26(5-6):193207.
Hanada K, Hashimoto I. Flagellate mushroom (Shiitake) dermatitis and photosensitivity. Dermatology. 1998;197(3):255-257.
Hirasawa M, Shouji N, Neta T, Fukushima K, Takada K. Three kinds of antibacterial substances from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (Shiitake,
an edible mushroom). Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999 Feb;11(2):151-157.
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Jiang G et al. Immunologic basis of the antineoplastic action of the polysaccharides of Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma mongolicum. Chin.
Trad. Herb. Drugs. 17:271,281. From Abstracts of Chinese Medicines 1: 526. 1986
Jong SC, Birmingham JM. Medicinal and therapeutic value of the shiitake mushroom. Adv Appl Microbiol. 1993;39:153-184. (Review)
Kabir Y, Yamaguchi M, Kimura S. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma
lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1987 Oct;33(5):341-6
Kuppusamy UR, Chong YL, Mahmood AA, Indran M, Abdullah N, Vikineswary S. Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mushroom extract protects
against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicty in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Indian Journal Of Biochemistry And Biophysics. 2009, vol
46; numb 2, pages 161-165
Kurashima Y et al. Marked formation of thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, an effective nitrite trapping agent in vivo, on boiling of dried shiitake
mushroom (Lentinus edodes). J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1945-1949. From CA 113: 151069g. 1990
Meng et al. Interferon inducing effect of some Chinese drugs on human umbilical leucocytes. Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese
Medicine. 7:30-31. From Abstracts of Chinese Medicines. 2:166. 1987
Mori K et al. Antitumor activities of edible mushrooms by oral administration. From Wuest, P.J. et al (eds.), Cultivating Edible Fungi.
Amsterdam: Elsevier:1-6. 1987
Nanba H et al. Antitumor action of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) fruit bodies orally administered to mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 35:2453-2458. 1987
Rao JR, Millar BC, Moore JE. Antimicrobial properties of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). International Journal Of Antimicrobial Agents.
2009, vol 33; numb 6, pages 591-592
Shimada S, Komamura K, Kumagai H, Sakurai H. Inhibitory activity of shiitake flavor against platelet aggregation. Biofactors. 2004;22(14):177-9.
Suzuki H, Okubo A, Yamazaki S, Suzuki K, Mitsuya H, Toda S. Inhibition of the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency
virus by water-soluble lignin in an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
1989;160:36773.
Suzuki S, Oshima S. Influence of Shi-Ta-Ke (Lentinus edodes) on human serum cholesterol. Mushroom Science IX (Part I). Proceedings of the
Ninth International Scientific Congress on the Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Tokyo: 463-467. 1974
Taguchi T, Furue H, Kimura T, Kondoh T, Hattori T, Itoh I, et al. Life-span prolongation effect of lentinan on patients with advanced
or recurrent colorectal cancer. Int J Immunopharmacol.
Tochikura TS, Nakashima H, Ohashi Y, Yamamoto N. Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human
immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1988;177:23544.
Tokuda S, Tapiri A, Kano E, Sugwara Y, Suzuki S, Sato H, et al. Reducing mechanism of plasma cholesterol by Shii-ta-ke. Mushroom Sci.
1974;9:44561.
Valek P. Plants for healthy life: 157-160. JB Start, 2007. [In Czech]
van Nevel CJ, Decuypere JA, Dierick N, Molly K. The influence of Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom) preparations on bacteriological and
morphological aspects of the small intestine in piglets. Arch Tierernahr. 2003 Dec;57(6):399-412.
Yamada T, Oinuma T, Niihashi M, Mitsumata M, Fujioka T, Hasegawa K, Nagaoka H, Itakura H. Effects of Lentinus edodes mycelia on
dietary-induced atherosclerotic involvement in rabbit aorta. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2002;9(3):149-56.
Ying J et al. Icones Of Medicinal Fungi From China. Translated by X. Yuehan. Beijing: Science Press. 1987.
Zheng R, Jie S, Hanchuan D, Moucheng W. Characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes. Int
Immunopharmacol. 2005 May;5(5):811-20.
www.renmai.es
Zhou LD, Zhang QH, Zhang Y, Liu J, Cao YM. The shiitake mushroom-derived immuno-stimulant lentinan protects against murine malaria
blood-stage infection by evoking adaptive immune-responses. International immunopharmacology. 2009, vol 9, issue 4, pages 455-62.
MAITAKE-MRL
El maitake
es un
hongo
MAITAKE-MRL
comestible, que parasita la base Cientfico
Grifola frondosa
de los troncos de roble, donde
sinnimo : Polyporus
frondosus
forma grandes grupos de tipo
Chino
Huaishuhua
racimo
en
los
que
las
Maitake
ramificaciones forman crculos Japons
Cabeza de carnero,
concntricos si se observan desde arriba. En japons el
Otros
cabeza de oveja,
nombre maitake significa "hongo bailarn". Se dice que
Gallina de los bosques
este nombre se podra deber a que en la antigedad, las personas que lo encontraban
bailaban de alerga pues lo podran intercambiar por su peso en plata. Sin embargo,
otros creen que el nombre "maitake" deriva del hecho de que los cuerpos fructferos
de los hongos adyacentes se superponen unos a otros,
pareciendo mariposas que bailan sin parar. (Namba, 1992,
Harada, 1993). El lugar original del maitake es el norte de
Japn y de Amrica.
En la fitoterapia tradicional china y japonesa se valora
como adaptgeno, pues ayuda a restablecer el equili brio en
el organismo despus de esfuerzo fsico y mental.
USOS DEMOSTRADOS SEGN FUENTES MODERNAS Y
TRADICIONALES
Efecto detoxicante en el organismo (Karmali, 2004).
Efectos inmunoestimulante en casos de debilidad inmunolgica, resfriados, est rs
frecuente, etc; contiene betaglucanos especficos que fueron identificados en la
dcada de los 80 como agentes estimulantes de las reacciones inmunes del
organismo. El maitake contiene alfaglucanos y betaglucanos, sin embargo, los
betaglucanos son mayoritarios. En un estudio, la administracin oral de maitake
pulverizado ha demostrado que puede potenciar la actividad de los macrfagos, de las
clulas NK y de las clulas T citotxicas (multiplicando su actividad por 1,4; 1,86 y
1,6 veces, respectivamente) y provoca la inhibicin de crecimiento tumoral en ratones
en un 86%(Mori et al, 1987).
Apoyo para el control de peso
Fuente natural de minerales y vitaminas contiene potasio, calcio, magnesio,
vitaminas B2, B5 (niacina) y D2, fibra y aminocidos.
Regula la presin sangunea, los niveles de glucosa m la insulina y los niveles sricos y
hepticos de lpidos acta sobre los niveles de colesterol, triglicridos y fosfolpidos.
Puede utilizarse como complemento del tratamiento convencional de las hemorroides y
lagastritis. En los ensayos en ratas hipertensivas, el Prof. Adachi con sus colaboradores
demostraron el efecto hipotensor del maitake, sin que variara el nivel de HDL plasmtico. El
efecto era de aparicin rpida, duracin corta y dependiente de la dosis. Experimentos
posteriores en ratas genticamente diabticas, handemostrado la capacidad de disminuir
www.renmai.es
Sabor: dulce
Naturaleza: neutra
Pulmn, Rin, Intestino Grueso
Nutre el Qi y fortalece al Bazo
Elimina el calor, y drena la humedad
Nutre y fortalece el Zheng Qi
Distensin abdominal despus de comer, insuficiencia importante de Bazo y de
Qi, agotamiento y falta de vitalidad, debilidad mental e inapetencia
Propiedades Qumicas y Biolgicas de 500 mg de biom asa o 1 tableta (750 mg) de MAITAKE-MRL
Ingrediente activo Grifola frondosa biomasa 500 mg
Agentes
Celulosa microcristalina, slce, estearato de magnesio vegetal
aglomerantes
(en tabletas)
Enzimas activas
Contenido en protena 20.2 mg
Actividad de proteasa 4.9 mU
Azcares reductores 12.6 mg
Actividad de superxido dismutasa 70.2 mU
Polisacridos ligados a protena 79.5 mg
Citocromo P-450 0.60 nmoles
Actividad de peroxidasa 40.2 mU
Citocromo P-450 reductasa 7.14 mU
Actividad de laccasa 411.5 mU
Metabolitos secundarios (inhibidores de trombina) 49 %
Actividad de glucoamilasa / glucanasa 1.6 U
Han SS, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Antimetastatic and Immunomodulating Effect of Water Extracts From Various
Mushrooms. Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies, 2009, vol 2; number 3, pages 218-227.
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Hong L, Xun M, Wutong W. Anti-diabetic effect of an alpha-glucan from fruit body of maitake (Grifola frondosa) on KK-Ay mice. J
Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Apr;59(4):575-82.
Horio H. et al. Maitake (Grifola frondosa) improve glucose tolerance of experimental diabetic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2001 Feb;
47(1):57-63.
Ishibashi K, Miura NN, Adachi Y, Ohno N, Yadomae T. Relationship between solubility of grifolan, a fungal 1,3-beta-D-glucan, and
production of tumor necrosis factor by macrophages in vitro. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 Sep;65(9):1993-2000.
Kabir Y, Yamaguchi M, Kimura S. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma
lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1987 Oct;33(5):341-6
Karmali A. Detoxification - The Role of Mushroom Nutrition. Mycology News, Volume 1, Edition 9. Sept. 2004.
Konno S, Aynehchi S, Dolin DJ, Schwartz AM, Choudhury MS, Tazakin HN. Anticancer and hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides in edible
and medicinal Maitake mushroom [Grifola frondosa (Dicks.:Fr.) S.F.Gray]. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:18595.
Konno S. et al. A possible hypoglycaemic effect of maitake mushroom on Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic Medicine, Volume 18, Issue 12,
Page 1010. December 2001.
Kubo K. et al. Anti-diabetic activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake) I Biol Pharm Bull 1994; 17 (8):1106-1110.
Mori K et al. Antitumor activities of edible mushrooms by oral administration. From Wuest, P.J. et al (eds.), Cultivating Edible Fungi.
Amsterdam: Elsevier:1-6. 1987
Nanba H, Hamaguchi A, Kuroda H. The chemical structure of an antitumor polysaccharide in fruit bodies of Grifola frondosa (maitake).
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1987;35:11628.
Nanba H, Kodama N, Schar D, Turner D. Effects of maitake (Grifola frondosa) glucan in HIV-infected patients. Mycoscience.2000;41:293-5
www.renmai.es
Ohno N, Adachi Y, Suzuki I, Sato K, Oikawa S, Yadomae T. Characterization of antitumor glucan obtained from liquid-cultured Grifola
frondosa. Chem Pharm Bull. 1986;34:170915.
Preuss HG, Echard B, Bagchi D, Perricone NV, Zhuang C. Enhanced insulin-hypoglycemic activity in rats consuming a specific
glycoprotein extracted from maitake mushroom. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Dec;306(1-2):105-13. Epub 2007 Aug 1.
Preuss HG, Konno S. Maitake Magic. Maitake mushroom factions: Capture the Force of Natures Amazing Powerful Immune Boosters, Cancer
Protectors and Metabolic Activators. Freedom Press. 2002. ISBN 1-893910-19-9
Sagar SM, Wong RK. Chinese medicine and biomodulation in cancer patientsPart two. Curr Oncol. 2008 April; 15(2): 78.
Talpur NA, Echard BW, Fan AY, Jaffari O, Bagchi D, Preuss HG. Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of whole Maitake mushroom
powder and its fractions in two rat strains. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Aug;237(1-2):129-36.
Yang BK, Park JB, Song CH. Hypolipidemic Effect of Exo-Polymer Produced in Submerged Mycelial Culture of Five Different
Mushrooms. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2002, pp.957-961
Zhang Y, Mills GL, Nair MG. Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant compounds from the mycelia of the edible mushroom Grifola
frondosa. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Dec 18;50(26):7581-5.
TRITON-MRL
Aunque los hongos medicinales se
La composicin de
suelen utilizar como suplemento nico,
TRITON-MRL
existe una larga tradicin en la
medicina china de combinacin de
Cientfico Cordyceps sinensis,
hongos y
de los hongos con otras
Ganoderma lucidum,
Lentinula edodes
plantas. Al tratar a un paciente, suele
Chino
Dongchongxiacao ,
ocurrir que se consigue mejor el efecto
Lingzhi , Xianggu
pretendido reuniendo las propiedades Japons Tochukaso, Reishi, Shiitake
especiales de diferentes plantas. En
otros casos, se aaden plantas a las frmulas para contrarrestar efectos
indeseables de algn ingrediente de la frmula (en el contexto de la afeccin
que se est tratando), e incluso, para contrarresta posibles efectos secundarios
de la frmula en s.
Triton-MRL es una combinacin novedosa de tres hong os medicinales:
Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis), Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) and
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), que si bien son similares presentan
caractersticas particulares en el contexto de la frmula, contribuyendo
de este modo al efecto global de la misma. Recomendamos revisar la descripcin
individual de cada hongo incluido en la frmula de Triton para conocer los efectos ms
amplios.
En primer lugar, Cordyceps fortalece los pulmones y los riones, el Qi y la sangre. Es
yin y yang, al mismo tiempo y puede nutrir la Esencia, la cual es una accin muy
importante.
No possvel apr esentar esta imagem de momento.
En segundo lugar, Reishi penetra en Estmago, Bazo, Pulmn y Corazn. Tonifi ca el Qi,
nutre la sangre y calma la mente. A diferencia de Cordyceps, el Reishi est ms bien
relacionado con el Qi postnatal y se puede considerar, en ciertos casos, como una sustancia
equivalente a la frmula clsica Gui Pi Tang, con la caracterstica adicional de poder tonificar
el Qi defensivo, wei Qi.
En tercer lugar, Shiitake, adems de fortalecer el Qi y la sangre y de colaborar a las
acciones generales de la frmula, tambin regula la humedad que suele aparecer a
consecuencia de una insuficiencia de Qi.
El efecto global de esta frmula, por tanto, es for talecer intensamente el Qi y nutrir
la sangre, adems de tonificar el Rin y calmar la mente. Es un suplemento ideal
para los pacientes, y para muchos profesionales, que llevan un estilo de vida muy
estresado y frentico.
Propiedades Qumicas y Biolgicas de 500 mg de biom asa o 1 tableta (750 mg) de TRITON-MRL
Ingrediente activo
Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes total 500 mg de
biomasa
www.renmai.es
www.renmai.es
Agentes
aglomerantes
(en tabletas)
Enzimas activas
Beltran-Garcia MJ., Estarron-Espinosa M, Ogura T. Volatile Compounds Secreted by the Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Their
Antibacterial Activities. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45 (10), pp 40494052, DOI: 10.1021/jf960876i. October, 1997
Bobek P et al. Effect of oyster fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus) on serum and liver lipids of Syrian hamsters with a chronic alcohol intake.
Physiological research 40: 327-332. 1991.
Bobek P, Galbav S, Odzin L. Effect of oyster mushroom (Plerotus ostreatus) on pathological changes in dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon
cancer. Oncology reports 5 (3): 727-730. 1998.
Bobek P, Galbav S. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) effectively prevents atherosclerosis development in rabbits. esk a Slovensk
farmacie, Volume 48, Number 5, pages 226-230. [en checo]
Bobek P, Ginter E, Jurcovicov M, Kuniak L.Cholesterol-lowering effect of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in hereditary
hypercholesterolemic rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 1991;35(4):191-5. PMID: 1897899
Bobek P, Ginter E, Jurkoviov M, Kuniak L.Cholesterol lowering effect of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in hederitary
hypercholesterolemic rats. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 35. 191-195. 1991.
Bobek P, Ozdn L, Kajaba I. Dose-dependent hypocholesterolaemic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rats. Physiol Res.
1997;46(4):327-9. PMID: 9728501
Bobek P, Ozdn L, Kuniak L, Hromadov M.Regulation of cholesterol metabolism with dietary addition of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus
ostreatus) in rats with hypercholesterolemia (in Slovak). Cas. Lek. Cesk. 136 (6): 18690. March 1997.
Bobek P, Ozdin L, Kuniak L. Effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and its ethanolic extract in diet on absorption and turnover
of cholesterol in hypercholestolemic rats. Nahrung 1996 Aug 40 (4):222-4
Bobek P, Ozdin L, Kuniak L. The effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), its ethanolic extract and extraction residues on
cholesterol levels in serum, lipoproteins and liver of rat. Nahrung 39 (1): 989. PMID 7898579. 1995
Bobek P. et al. Effect of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and isolated fungal polysacharide on serum and liver lipids in Syrian hamsters with
hyperlipoproteinemia. Nutrition 7. 105-108. 1991.
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushroom Nutrition as a Target for Novel Therapeutic Strategies:
Relevance to Nutritional Approaches and Antioxidant Redox Mondulation in Antiaging Medicine. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume
3, Edition 1.
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushrooms as the source of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment
of neurodegenerative conditions. Abstratcs of Sixth International conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Bonn. 2008
Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria MT, Toscano MA, Calabrese V. Comparative Enzyme Analysis of Polyporus umbellatus, Agaricus blazei
, Pleurotus osteratus and Hericium erinaceus. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume 3, Edition 1.
Gerasimenya VP, Efremenkova OV, Kamzolina OV, Bogush TA, Tolstych IV, Zennkova VA. Antimicrobial and antitoxical action of edible
and medicinal mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq,:Fr.) Kumm. Extracts. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:12732.
Ginterov A, Janotkov OUtilization. of fat and degradation of cholesterol by Pleurotus spp". Folia Microbiol. (Praha) 26 (3): 22831. PMID
7196867. 1981
Gunde-Cimerman N, Cimerman A. Pleurotus fruiting bodies contain the inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
reductase-lovastatin. Exp Mycol. 19 (1): 16, doi:10.1006/emy c.1995.1001, PMID 7614366. Mar 1995
Gunde-Cimerman N, Plemenitas A, Cimerman A. 1993. Pleurotus fungi produce mevinolin, an inhibitor of HGM CoA reductase.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 133:333-338
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Jayakumar T, Sakthivel M, Thomas PA, Geraldine P. Pleurotus ostreatus, an oyster mushroom, decreases the oxidative stress induced by
carbon tetrachloride in rat kidneys, heart and brain. Chem Biol Interact. 2008, Nov 25; 176(2-3):108-20.
Jedinak A, Sliva D. Pleurotus ostreatus inhibits proliferation of human breast and colon cancer cells through p53-dependent as well as p53independent pathway. Int J Oncol. 2008, Dec; 33(6):1307-13.
Khatun K, Mahtab H, Khanam PA, Sayeed MA, Khan KA. Oyster mushroom reduced blood glucose and cholesterol in diabetic
subjects. Mymensingh Med J 16 (1): 949. PMID 17344789. Janua ry 2007
Lepov A.Miraculous mushroom? Oyster mushroom. Vkend.2001. ISBN 80-7222-181-7 [en checo]
Opletal L, Jahodr L, Chobot V, Zdansk P, Lukes J, Brtov M, Solichov D, Blunden G, Dacke CG, PatelAV. Evidence for the antihyperlipidaemic activity of the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Br J Biomed Sci. 1997 Dec;54(4):240-3. PMID 9624732.
Opletal L. Phytotherapeutic aspects of diseases of the circulatory system. 2. The oyster mushroom and its potential use. Cesk. Farm. 42:160-166.
1993
Sepcic K et al. Interaction of ostreolysin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, with lipid membranes and modulation
by lysophospholipids. Eur J Biochem. 270, 1199-1210 (2003)
Tomita T et al. Pleurotolysin, A novel Sphingomyelin specific tw o-component Cytolysin from the Edible Musrhoom Pleurotus ostreatus,
assembles into a Transmembrane Pore Complex. J. Biol. Chem., June 25 2004; 279(26)2675-26982.
Valek P. Rostliny pro zdrav ivot: 154-156. JB Start, 2007.
Wang HX, Gao J, Ng TB. A new lectin with highly potent antihepatoma and antisarcoma activities from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;275:8106.
Zusman I, Reifen R, Livni O, Smirnoff P, Gurevich P, Sandler B, et al. Role of apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 protein
in chemically induced colon cancer in rats fed corncob fiber treated with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Anticancer Res. 1997;17:210513.
www.renmai.es
Sus notas:
www.renmai.es
BLAZEI-MRL
Agaricus
blazei es un hongo
BLAZEI-MRL
comestible con sabor dulzn y
Cientfico
Agaricus blazei
aroma a almendra.
Fue
synonyms: A. brasiliensis,
A. subrufescens
descrito por primera vez al
Chino
Jisongrong
final del siglo XIX cuando
Baximogu
comenz a cultivarse en el
Japons
Himematsutake
este de Estados Unidos. La
Otros
ABM, hongo del Sol,
expansin de su uso y de su
hongo de la almendra.
cultivofuedespusde
1970 tras
su
redescubrimiento en Brasil. Muestra un efecto positivo y preventivo en una
amplia variedad de situaciones como diabetes, hiperlipemia, arteriosclerosis,
hepatitis crnica y cncer. Contiene varias biomolculas importantes
incluyendo polisacridos, glucoprotenas, antibiticos, triterpenos, ergoster oles
y otros
metabolitos secundarios. El extracto acuoso en caliente suministra
la identificacin de una fraccin de 1,6-betaglucan o, que ha
demostrado una potente accin antitumoral.
www.renmai.es
www.renmai.es
(1) Angelova M., Stoeva S. a Voelter W. (2001) A Novel Glycosylatea Cu/Zn containing supe roxide dismutase production and potential
therapeutic effect Microbiology 147, 1641-1650
(2) Jacob C., Courbot M., Brun A. a Chalot M. (2001) Molecular cloning and regulation of supe roxid dismutase from fungus Paxillus
involutus Eur. J.Biochem. 268,3223-3232
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushrooms as the source of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment
of neurodegenerative conditions. Abstratcs of Sixth International conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Bonn. 2008
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushroom Nutrition as a Target for Novel Therapeutic Strategies:
Relevance to Nutritional Approaches and Antioxidant Redox Mondulation in Antiaging Medicine. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume 3,
Edition 1.
Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria MT, Toscano MA, Calabrese V. Comparative Enzyme Analysis of Polyporus umbellatus, Agaricus blazei ,
Pleurotus osteratus and Hericium erinaceus. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume 3, Edition 1.
Delmanto RD, de Lima PL, Sugui MM, da Eira AF, Salvadori DM, Speit G, Ribeiro LR. Antimutagenic effect of Agaricus blazei
Murrill mushroom on the genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Mutat Res. 2001 Sep 20;496(1-2):15-21.
Ebina T, Fujimiya Y. Antitumor effect of a peptide-glucan preparation extracted from Agaricus blazei in a double-grafted tumor system in
mice. Biotherapy. 1998;11(4):259-65.
Fujimiya Y, Suzuki Y, Oshiman K, Kobori H, Moriguchi K, Nakashima H, Matumoto Y, Takahara S, Ebina T, Katakura R. Selective
tumoricidal effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and
apoptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1998 May;46(3):147-59
Han SS, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Antimetastatic and Immunomodulating Effect of Water Extracts From Various Mushrooms. Journal
Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies, 2009, vol 2; number 3, pages 218-227.
Hsu CH, Liao YL, Lin SC, Hwang KC, Chou P. The mushroom Agaricus Blazei Murill in combination with metformin and gliclazide improves
insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 JanFeb;13(1):97-102
Karmali A. Agaricus Blazei: New Developments in Mushroom Nutrition. Mycology News 10 Vol 1., Edition 10, August 2005.
Kimura Y, Kido T, Takaku T, Sumiyoshi M, Baba K. Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: its antitumor and
antimetastatic actions. Cancer Sci. 2004 Sep;95(9):758-64.
Lee YL, Kim HJ, Lee MS, Kim JM, Han JS, Hong EK, Kwon MS, Lee MJ. Oral Administration of Agaricus blazei (H1 Strain) Inhibited Tumor
Growth in a Sarcoma 180 Inoculation Model. Experimental Animals. Vol. 52 (2003) , No. 5 371-375
Menoli RC, Mantovani MS, Ribeiro LR, Speit G, Jordalo BQ. Antimutagenic effects of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill extracts on v79
cells. Mutat Res. 2001;12:513.
Mizuno M, Kawakami S, Sakamoto Y, Fujitake N. Macrophages stimulated by polysaccharide purified from Agaricus brasiliensis S.Wasser et al.
(Agaricomycetidae) enhance mRNA expression of Th1 cytokine including IL-12 and 18. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2003;5:3839.
Mizuno T, Inagaki R, Kanao T, Hagiwara T, Nakamura T, Ito H, et al. Antitumor activity and some properties of water-soluble
polysaccharides from Himematsutake, the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei Murill. Agric Biol Chem. 1990;54:288996.
Mizuno T. Medicinal properties and clinical effects of culinary-medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill (Agaricomycetidae) (Review). Int J
Med Mushrooms. 2002;4:299312.
Oshiman K, Fujimiya Y, Ebina T, Suzuki I, Noji M. Orally administered beta-1,6-D-polyglucose extracted from Agaricus blazei results in tumor
regression in tumor-bearing mice. Planta Med. 2002 Jul;68(7):610-4
Takaku T, Kimura Y, Okuda H. Isolation of an antitumor compound from Agaricus blazei Murrill and mechanism of action. J Nutr.
2001;5:1409 13.
Yuminamochi E, Koike T, Takeda K, Horiuchi I, Okumura K. Interleukin-12- and interferon-gamma-mediated natural killer cell activation by
Agaricus blazei Murill. Immunology. 2007 Jun;121(2):197-206.
Sus notas:
www.
HERICIUM-MRL
ste es un hongo raro con
HERICIUM-MRL
cuerpos fructferos de forma
Cientfico Hericium erinaceus
ovoide o globulares que
Sinnimos: Clavaria
erinaceus, Dryodon erinaceus
pueden alcanzar los 30 cm de
Hydnum erinaceus
Chino
tamao. Parasita las heridas de
Houtougu
Japons
los robles y de los troncos de
Yamabushitake
hayas. Debido a su aspecto
se le denomina
Otros Melena de len, hongo de
barbas dentadas, cabeza de
comnmente melena de len (en espaol y en
mono.
ingls), en chino y alemn el nombre comn que
recibe significa "cabeza de mono". Durante mucho tiempo ha sido muy valorado en
Japn por su utilidad en los problemas digestivos. Contienen potasio, zinc, hierro,
germanio, selenio, fsforo y una ligera cantidad de sodio. Tambin se encuentran
todos los aminocidos esenciales, polisacridos yrotenasp.
La superxido dismutasa (SOD) es esencial para cont rarrestar las especies reactivas
de oxgeno (ROS, o radicales, superxidos, o radic ales libres). Ciertos cambios
patolgicos, incluyendo carcinognesis y degeneracin celular relacionados con el
envejecimiento se deben a las especies reactivas de oxgeno. Los ROS se producen
por la luz solar, radiacin ultravioleta, reaccione s qumicas, as como por procesos
metablicos, y son txicos para las clulas vivas p ues oxidan y degradas
macromolculas biolgicamente esenciales como lpidos y protenas.
Un determinado nmero de sistemas enzimticos son italesv para que el cuerpo sea
capaz de resistir los efectos perjudiciales de las especies reactivas de oxgeno (ROS);
entre ellos se encuentra la enzima superxido dismu tasa (SOD), que cataliza la
destruccion de los radicales superxido y, gracias a las clulas que metabolizan
www.renmai.es
oxgeno, protege del dao provocado por estos radicales libres. Varios investigadores
han demostrado que la enzima superx ido dismutasa est implicada en enfermedades
tan distintas como el Parkinson, el cncer o la anemia.
Ayuda al pensamiento - gracias a fitosteroles especficos presentes en Hericium
denomindos erinacinas. Se ha demostrado que la erinacina-H puede estimular el
crecimiento de clulas neuronales (factor de crecimiento neuronal NGF, por sus
siglas en ingls), y apoya la produccin de mielina. Por ello es inevitable proponer
(6)
su uso en problemas de origen nervioso , para mejorar las funciones cognitivas
(Mori et al., 2009), en neurosis o para inhinbir el progreso de enfermedades
autoinmunes neurodegenerativas graves: algunos investigadores describen resultados
positivos en casos de Alzheimer.
Apoyo al organismo en casos de fatiga, para disminuir la inflamacin, apoyar los
linfocitos T y B, y potenciar el sistema inmune.
Ayuda a la digestin, al hgado y al estmago equilibra el estmago, se utiliza en
problemas digestivos, gstricos, en lceras de duodeno, gastritis crnica, como
(1,2)
prevencin de los efectos de las dietas grasas o de l estrs, tiene una accin
hepatoprotectora (Park et al, 2001).
Disminuye los niveles de glucosa, de lpidos y de triglicridos en sangre
et al., 2002)
(3)
(Yang
www.
com
(2)
(4)
Wang JC, Hu SH, Su CH, Lee TM. Antitumor and immunoenhancing activities of polysaccharide from culture broth of Hericium spp.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2001 Sep;17(9):461-7.
(5)
(6)
Wang JC, Hu SH, Lee WL, Tsai LY. Antimutagenicity of extracts of Hericium erinaceus. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2001 May;17(5):230-8.
Lee EW, Shizuki K, Hosokawa S, Suzuki M, Suganuma H, Inakuma T, Li J, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Nagata T, Furukawa S,
Abdulla MA, Noor SM, Sabaratnam V, Abdullah N, Wong KH, Ali HM. Effect of Culinary-Medicinal Lion's Mane Mushroom, Hericium
erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae), on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. International Journal Of Medicinal Mushrooms.
2008, vol 10; numb 4, pages 325-330.
Asatiani MD, Elisashvili VI, Wasser SP, Reznick AZ, Nevo E. Free-Radical Scavenging Activity of Submerged Mycelium Extracts from Higher
Basidiomycetes Mushrooms. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. Vol. 71 (2007) , No. 12 pp.3090-3092. doi:10.1271/bbb.70280
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushrooms as the source of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of
neurodegenerative conditions. Abstratcs of Sixth International conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Bonn. 2008
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushroom Nutrition as a Target for Novel Therapeutic Strategies:
Relevance to Nutritional Approaches and Antioxidant Redox Mondulation in Antiaging Medicine. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume
3, Edition 1.
Gryganski AP, Moldavan MG, Kolotushkina OV, Kirchhoff B, Skibo GG, Pedarzani P. Effect of Hericium erinaceus Extracts on
Physiological Functions, Growth, and Development of Nerve and Glial Cells, and Myelination of Nerve Fibers. International Journal Of Medicinal
Mushrooms. 2007, vol 9; numb 3/4.
Han SS, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Antimetastatic and Immunomodulating Effect of Water Extracts From Various Mushrooms. Journal
Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies, 2009, vol 2; number 3, pages 218-227.
Chen SY, Chen HY. Xunjun yifang jicheng. Shanghai kexue jishu wenxian chubanshi, 1999
Chia YC, Wang JT, Wang JC; Chen KS, Hu SH. Hypoglycemic effect of extract of Hericium erinaceus. Journal of the science of food and
agriculture. 2005, vol 85, pages 641-646.
Choi YI, Lee GW, Shim MJ, Rho HS, Lee HS, Lee MW, Lee UY, Lee TS. Inhibitory effect of mouse sarcoma 180 by crude B-D-glucan
extracted from Hericium erinaceus. Abstratcs of Sixth International conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Bonn. 2008
Jin KS, Park JY, Cho MK, Jang JH, Jeong JH, Ok S, Bak MJ, Song YS, Kim MJ, Cho CW. Modulation of Nrf2/ARE and Inflammatory
Signaling Pathways by Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Extract. Food Science And Biotechnology. 2009, vol 18; part 5, pages 1204-1211.
Kawagish H. Two novel diterpenoids, erinacines H and I from the mycelia of Hericium erinaceum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000
Nov;64(11):2402-5.
Kawagishi H. Anti-MRSA Compounds from Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. International Journal Of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2005, vol 7;
numb 3, pages 350.
Kenmoku H. et al. Erinacine Q, a new erinacine from Hericium erinaceum, and its biosynthetic route to erinacine C in the basidiomycete. Biosci
Botechnol Biochem. 2002 Mar; 66(3):571-5.
Lee JS, Min KM, Cho JY, Hong EK. Study of Macrophage Activation and Structural Characteristics of Purified Polysaccharides from the Fruiting
Body of Hericium erinaceus. Journal Of Microbiology And Biotechnology. 2009, vol 19; numb 9, pages 951-959.
Mizuno T. Bioactive substances in Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Yamabushitake), and its medicinal utilization. Int J Med Mushrooms.
1999;1:10519.
Moldavan MG, Gryganski AP, Kolotushkina OV, Kirchhoff B, Skibo GG, Pedarzani P. Neurotropic and Trophic Action of Lion's Mane
Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extracts on Nerve Cells in Vitro International Journal Of Medicinal
mushrooms. 2007, vol 9; numb 1, pages 15-28.
Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive
impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy research. 2009, vol. 23, issue 3, pages 367-72.
Mori K, Obara Y, Hirota M, Azumi Y, Kinugasa S, Inatomi S, Nakahata N. Nerve Growth Factor-Inducing Activity of Hericium erinaceus in
1321N1 Human Astrocytoma Cells. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 31 (2008) , No. 9 1727
Nagi K et al. Dilinoleoy1-phosphatidylethanolamine from Hericium erinaccum protest aga ER stressdependent Neuro2a cell death via protein
kinase C pathway. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Volume 17, Issue 8, 525-530.
Park SH, Chang JS, Lee KR. Effect of Hericium erinaceus Extract on Cancer Cell Growth and Expression of Cell Cycle Associated Proteins.
Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition, Volume 32, Issue 6, August 2003, pp. 931-936.
Park SH, Kim JY, Chang JS, Oh EJ, Kim OM, Bae JT, Kim HJ, Hae DJ, Lee KR. Protective Effect of Hericiumerinaceus Extracts on Hepatic
Injury Induced by Benzo()pyrene in Mice. Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition, Volume 30, Issue 5, October 2001, pp.928932.
Park SH, Kim OM, Lee KR. Antimutagenic and Quinone Reductase Inducing Activities of Hericium erinaceus Extracts. Journal of the Korean
society of food science and nutrition. Volume 30, Issue 6, December 2001, pp.1287-1292.
Ren DM, Du ZQ, Li XN. Studies on Immunoregulatory Function and Antioxitation Function of Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharide of Mycelia.
Journal- Shenyang Agricultural University. 2007, vol 38; numb 3, pages 370-374.
Tian HW, Liu XK, Xiao Y. Preventive effect of Hericium Erinaceus on chronicatrophic gastritis in rats. Chinese Journal Of Hospital Pharmacy.
2009, vol 29; numb 20, pages 1764-1766.
Wong KH, Naidu M, David RP, Abdulla MA, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, Sabaratnam V. Functional Recovery Enhancement Following
Injury to Rodent Peroneal Nerve by Lion's Mane Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae). International Journal
Of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2009, vol 11; numb 3, pages 225-236
Wong KH, Sabaratnam V, Abdullah N, Naidu M, Keynes R. Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Lion's Mane Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:
Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) on the Neural Cell Line NG108-15. International Journal Of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2007, vol 9; numb 1,
pages 57-66
Yang BK, Park JB, Song CH. Hypolipidemic Effect of Exo-Polymer Produced in Submerged Mycelial Culture of Five Different Mushrooms.
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2002, pp.957-961
www.renmai.es
POLYPORUS-MRL
Las esponjas de polyporus
crece sobre rboles de hoja
caduca o sobre tocones de
rbol, principalmente de
haya, arce y roble. Los
cuerpos frutferos parecen
esponjas de mar; estn separadas en numerosas
ramas diminutas que acaban en un sobrerillo que
simula una pequea sombrilla.
POLYPORUS-MRL
Cientfico
Polyporus umbellatus
sinnimos: Grifola
umbellata
Chino
Japons
Otros
Zhuling
Chorei
Poliporo sombrilla.
La aldosterone es un esteroide, una hormona producida en la corteza adrenal. Regula el equilibrio entre el sodio y el potasio en la
sangre.
2
Da. Anna Hana Bohov est obteniendo muy Buenos resultados en el tra tamiento de infecciones por clamidia con una
combinacin de Polyporus-MRL and Coriolus-MRL en su trabajo en la Repblica Checa (Boh ov AH. The Use of Immunonutritive
Mushrooms in Practise. A report on the seminar on Mushroom Nutrition an Immunonutritive Approach, february 2010, SBS/TM
Praha). [In Czech]. Adems del estudio anteriorment e mencionado que estudia el efecto de Polyporus sobre Chlamydia t. (Li et al,
2000), otros estudios plantean la conexin entre la aparicin de clamidia con la presencia de otras cargas virales en el organismo
(como por ej. de virus de herpes, HPV, etc. ves e las referencias al final) lo cual justifica la combinacin con Coriolus MRL por su
www.renmai.es
www.renmai.es
Apoyo inmunolgico (Yadomae et al., 1979). Segn la MTC, puede dar sersacin de
ligereza (revitaliza) despus de un tiempo de administracin y tiene efectos
antienvejecimiento.
Apoyo del crecimiento del cabello (Inaoka et al., 1994; Ishida et al., 1999; Zheng et al.,
2004).
Asociacin de calor y humedad (segn la MTC shire yunjie) con manifestaciones como
sed, inquietud y otros sntomas Yinxu.
En ictericia, gonorrea, beriberi (deficiencia de vitamina B1) uso tradicional, solo
como apoyo.
Incontinencia en el embarazo con edema uso tradicional; en este caso se recomienda
tomarlo con agua caliente.
Polyporus no tonifica (a diferencia de Poria-MRL que tambin induce la diuresis), se utiliza
sobre todo para apoyar la diuresis y tratar el edema (especialmente cuando hay adems
calor), por eso debe utilizarse con cuidadopara no perjudicar al yin (sera una
contraindicacin segn la MTC).
Tabla de efectos segn la medicina tradicional china (MTC)
*
Propiedades Qumicas y Biolgicas de 500 mg de biom asa o 1 tableta (750 mg) de POLYPORUS -MRL
Ingrediente activo Polyporus umbellatus biomasa 500 mg
Agentes
Celulosa microcristalina, slce, estearato de magnesio vegetal
aglomerantes
(en tabletas)
Enzimas activas
Contenido en protena 29.9 mg
Actividad de superxid o dismutasa 11.8 U
Actividad de tirosinasa 3.274 U
Citocromo P-450 reductasa 0.010 mU
Actividad de catalasa 279.1 mU
Actividad de GSH reductasa 15.4 mU
Las caractersticas pueden variar segn los autores antiguos y sus mtodos de clasificacin, ver Ando,
2007. Ando V. Pharmacology of Classical Chinese Medicine: 423-425. Svtn, 2007. [In Czech]
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushrooms as the source of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment
of neurodegenerative conditions. Abstratcs of Sixth International conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Bonn. 2008
Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria M, Toscano MA. Mushroom Nutrition as a Target for Novel Therapeutic Strategies:
Relevance to Nutritional Approaches and Antioxidant Redox Mondulation in Antiaging Medicine. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume
3, Edition 1.
Cornelius C, Cavallaro M, Cambria MT, Toscano MA, Calabrese V. Comparative Enzyme Analysis of Polyporus umbellatus, Agaricus blazei
, Pleurotus osteratus and Hericium erinaceus. Clinical Journal of Mycology. 2009 Volume 3, Edition 1.
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Chang YF, Liu YY, Yun SC. Effect of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccahrides on macrophages of liver damaged mice. Intergrated J Chinese and
Western Medicine (China), 11 225-226, 1991.
Chen SY, Chen HY. Xunjun yifang jicheng. Shanghai kexue jishu wenxian chubanshi, 1999
Inaoka Y, Shakuya A, Fukazawa H, Ishida H, Nukaya H, Tsuji K, Kuroda H, Okada M, Fukushima M, Kosuge T. Studies on active
substances in herbs used for hair treatment. I. Effects of herb extracts on hair growth and isolation of an active substance from Polyporus umbellatus
F. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1994 42(3):530-3.
Ishida H, Inaoka Y, Shibatani J, Fukushima M, Tsuji K. Studies of the active substances in herbs used for hair treatment. II. Isolation of hair
regrowth substances, acetosyringone and polyporusterone A and B, from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 22(11):1189-92.
www.renmai.es
Jianping LH, McIntosh H, Hui L. Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review. Liver: (Copenhagen), 2001, vol. 21, no 4,
pp. 280-286.
Kang HY, Ko ST. Effect of Polyporus umbellatus Fries on the Renal Function of Dog. Journal of Korean pharmaceutical sciences. Volume 5, Issue
1, March 1975, pp.28-40.
Lee JW, Shin YJ, Cho DJ, Lim HJ, Choi WE, Lee YK. Antitumor and Antimutagenic Effect of the Proteinpolysaccharides from Polyporus
umbellatus. Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition. Volume 33, Issue 3, March 2004, pp.475-479.
Lee JW, Shin YJ, Cho DJ, Lim HJ, Choi WE, Lee YK. Antitumor and Antimutagenic Effect of the Proteinpolysaccharides from Polyporus
umbellatus. Journal of the Korean society of food science and nutrition. Volume 33, Issue 3, March 2004, pp.475-479.
Li JJ, Tu YY, Tong JZ, Wang PT. Inhibitory activity of Dianthus superbus L. and 11 kinds of diuretic Traditional Chinese medicines for
urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2000 25(10):628-30. Chinese.
Liu F, Ooi VEC, Chang ST. Free radical scavenging activities of mushroom polysaccharide extracts. Life Sciences. 1997 60(10):763-71.
Liu J, McIntosh H, Lin H. Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review. Liver. 2001 21(4):280-6. Review.
Lu W, Adachi I, Kano K, Yasuta A, Toriizuka K, Ueno M, Horikoshi I. Platelet Aggregation Potentiators from Cho-Rei. Chemical &
Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol.33 , No.11(1985)pp.5083-5087.
Lu W, Adachi I, Kano K, Yasuta A, Torlizuka K, Ueno M. Pletelet aggregation potentiators from cho-rei. Chem Pharm Bull, 33 5083-5087, 1985
Nobuyasu S, Hiroaki H, Yoichiro N, Iwao S, Kazuya N, Kazufumi K, Yutaka S, Katsutoshi T. Inhibitory Effects of Triterpenes Isolated from
Chuling (Polyporus umbellatus FRIES) on Free Radical-Induced Lysis of Red Blood Cells. Biol Pharm Bull. vol.28;no.5;page.817-821(2005).
Ohsawa T. , Yukawa M. , Takao C. , Murayama M. , Bando H. Studies on constituents of fruit body of polyporus umbellatus and their cytotoxic
activity. Chem. pharm. bull., 1992 , vol. 40 , no 1 , pp. 143 147.
Ohtsuka S, Ueno S, Yoshikumi C, Hirose F, Ohmura Y, Wada T, Fujii T, Takahashi E. Polysaccharides having an anticarcinogenic effect and a
method of producing them from species of Basidiomycetes. UK Patent 1331513, 26 September 1973.
Satish H, Raman D, Shivananda BG, Kshama D, Rajesh MS, Deepak M, Shivananda TN. Antiurolithiatic herbal drugs - a review. Biomed.
2006 1(2):95-119.
Sekiya N, Hikiami H, Nakai Y, Sakakibara I, Nozaki K, Kouta K, Shimada Y, Terasawa K. Inhibitory effects of triterpenes isolated from
Chuling (Polyporus umbellatus) Fries on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 28(5):817-21.
Sun Y; Yasukawa K. New anti-inflammatory ergostane-type ecdysteroids from the sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus. 2008. Bioorganic &
medicinal chemistry letters, vol 18, pages 3417-3420.
Ueno Y, Okamoto Y, Yamauchi R, Kato K. An antitumor activity of the alkali-soluble polysaccharide (and its derivatives) obtained from the
sclerotia of Grifora umbellata. Carbohydrate Research, 101 160-167, 1982.
Wang DC, Lee PY, Wan YC. Some pharmacological actions of Polyporus umbellatus. Chinese Herb Medicine (China), 14 267-268, 1983. Wang
LW, Su CY, Liu KS, Chang I. Preliminary report on the diuretic action of Grifola umbellata. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1964 11:815-8. Chinese. No
abstract available.
Wu GS, Zhang LY, Okuda H. Inhibitive effect of Umbellatus polyporus polysaccharide on cachexic manifestation induced by toxohormone-L in
rats. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1997 17(4):232-3. Chinese.
Yadomae T, Suzuki I, Yonekubo H, Nunomura K, Miyazaki T. Examination of the mitogenic activity of materials from fungi on murine
lymphocytes in vitro. Microbiology and Immunology. 1979 23(8):815-9.
Yang DA, Li SQ, Li XT. Prophylactic effects of Zhuling and BCG on postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 1994
32(7):433-4. Chinese.
Yang DA. Inhibitory effect of Chinese herb medicine Zhuling on urinary bladder cancer. An experimental and clinical study. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za
Zhi. 1991 29(6):393-5, 399. Chinese.
Yang LJ, Wang RT, Liu JS, Tong H, Deng YQ, Li QH. The effect of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide on the immunosuppression property
of culture supernatant of S180 cells. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004 20(2):234-7. Chinese.
You JS, Hau DM, Chen KT, Huang HF. Combined effects of Chuling (Polyporus umbellatus) extract and mitomycin C on experimental liver
cancer. Am J Chin Med. 1994 22(1):19-28.
Yuan D, Mori J, Komatsu KI, Makino T, Kano Y. An anti-aldosteronic diuretic component (drain dampness) in Polyporus sclerotium. Biological
& Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 27 (2004) , No. 6 867
Zhang YU, Liu YL, Yan SC. Effect of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide on function of macrophages in the peritoneal cavities of mice with
liver lesion. Chung His I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1991 Arp. 11(4):225-6, 198
Zhao YY, Xie RM, Chao X, Zhang Y, Lin RC, Sun WJ. Bioactivity-directed isolation, identification of diuretic compounds from Polyporus
umbellatus. Journal Of Ethnopharmacology. 2009, vol 126; number 1, pages 184-187.
Zhao YY, Ye Zhao , Zhang YM, Lin RC, Sun WJ. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the diuretic component ergone in Polyporus umbellatus
by HPLC with fluorescence detection and HPLC-APCI-MS/MS. Die Pharmazie, 2009, vol. 64, no 6, pp. 366-370.
Zheng SZ, Yang HP, Ma XM, Shen XW. Two new polyporusterones from Polyporus umbellatus. Nat Prod Res. 2004 18(5):403-7.
Sus notas:
www.
AURICULARIA-MRL
Los cuerpos
fructferos del AURICULARIAMRL
hongo llamado oreja de Judas
tienen de 3-10 cm de dimetro y Cientfico Auricularia auricula
sin.: A. auricula-judae,
un grosor de 0.1 0.3 cm.
Hirneola auricula-judae
Chino
Durante su crecimiento su forma
Heimuer
Japons
parece la de una oreja humana.
Kikurage
Crece sobre troncos o ramas de madera muertos (haya,
Otros Oreja de Judas, oreja
de la madera, Hongo
fresno, arce, acacia, etc.). El hongo oreja de Judas
oreja.
debe su nombre a la forma y a la leyenda que cuenta
que creci en el rbol en el que Judas se ahorc
despus de traicionar a Jess.
Su uso en la industria alimentaria y en la medicina natural es muy
antiguo. Ya se cultivaba en Asia hace 1.500 aos y sigue siendo
un apreciado ingrediente de la cocina china. Durante la Edad Media
en Europa se recomendaba para problemas de los odos, segn la
Teora de las Signaturas, propuesta por Paracelso en el s. XVI. Esta
teora ha seguido publicndose y an se omat como referencia en
algunos libros sobre nutricin y salu d. Sin embargo, no se
1
corresponde con la experiencia emprica , ni con la investigacin sobre
ingredientes activos.
PRECAUCIN
1
Se refiere a la experiencia emprica de numerosas generaciones de mdicos occidentales, desde los tiempos del Imperio Romano, y
tambin recoge experiencia de Oriente. Paracelso(1493 - 1541), en un esfuerzo por mostrar el cientifismo de su "Teora de la
Signaturas" quem en pblico, los textos de Hipcrates, Galeno, Celso, Avicena, autores sobre los que se basaba el conocimiento
mdico en aquel momento de la historia (la Teora de los Humores). Paracelso, el engredo y arrogante hijo de una farmacutico y
alquimista suizo, cuyo nombre completo era Phillippus Aureolus Theopharastus Bombastus de Hohenheim se renombr Paracelsp, lo
que representaba la visin que tena de s mismo, es decir, ms grande que el famoso mdico romano Ce lso (53 - 7) e incluso que
Galeno. La Teora de las Signaturas representaba en medicina occidental (que en esos tiempos estaba completamente basada en
ingredientes naturales) un paso atrs, porque no te na en cuenta la experiencia emprica ya (como se ha mencionado ms arriba,
Paracelso, sola recomendar el hongo oreja de Judas para problemas de los odos, o Pulmonaria para los pulmones; las nueces
representaban un crneo humano, as la cscara la r ecomendaba para fracturas y la nuez para enfermedades del cerebro). Pero
Paracelso tambin expuso un concepto interesante, que la medicina y el veneno se diferencian solo en la dosis.
www.renmai.es
Agarwal KC, Russo FX, Parks RE Jr. Inhibition of human and rat platelet aggregation by extracts of Mo-er
(Auricularia auricula). Thromb Haemost 1982 Oct 29;48(2):162-165.
Asatiani MD, Elisashvili VI, Wasser SP, Reznick AZ, Nevo E. Free-Radical Scavenging Activity of Submerged Mycelium Extracts from Higher
Basidiomycetes Mushrooms. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. Vol. 71 (2007) , No. 12 pp.3090-3092. doi:10.1271/bbb.70280 Hanssen
VHP, Schdler M. Pilze als volksmittel in der chinesischen medicine. Deutsche Apoth.-Zeit. 122:1844-1848. 1982
Hobbs C. Medicinal Mushrooms an exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995. ISBN 1-57067-143-5.
Hokama Y, Hokama JL. In vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation with low dalton compounds from aqueous dialysates of edible fungi. Res
Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1981 Jan;31(1):177-80.
Chen SY, Chen HY. Xunjun yifang jicheng. Shanghai kexue jishu wenxian chubanshi, 1999
Cheung PCK. The hypocholesterolemic effect of two edible mushrooms: Auricula auricula (tree-ear) and Tremella fuciformis (white jelly-leaf) in
hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutrition Research Volume 16, Issue 1october 1996, 1721-1725.
Sheng J, Chen Q. Anticoagulant effect of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis and Tremella fucimorsis Spores.
Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao. 1987
Sheng J, Chen Q. Antilipemic effect of polysachhcarides from Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis and Tremella fucimorsis Spores.
Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao. 20:344-347. From CA 112:210752d. 1989
Sheu F, Chien PJ, Chien AL, Chen YF, Chin KL. Isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory protein (APP) from the Jew's Ear
mushroom Auricularia polytricha. Food Chemistry; 2004, 87 (4), 593-600
Takeuchi H, He PM, Mooi LY. Reductive Effect of Hot-Water Extracts from Woody Ear (Auricularia auricula-judae Quel.) on Food Intake and
Blood Glucose Concentration in Genetically Diabetic KK-A^y Mice. Jour Nutri Sci Vit Vol.50, No.4(20040800) pp. 300-304. ISSN:03014800
Xia E et al. Effect of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis and Tremella fucimorms spores on DNA and RNA
biosynthesis by lymphocytes. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao 18:141-143. From CA 107:109014m. 1987
Yang BK, Park JB, Song CH. Hypolipidemic Effect of Exo-Polymer Produced in Submerged Mycelial Culture of Five Different Mushrooms.
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2002, pp.957-961
www.renmai.es
Yang BK, Ha JY, Jeong SC et al. Hypolipidemic effect of an exo-biopolymer produced from submerged mycelial culture of Auricularia polytricha
in rats. Biotechnol Letters 2002;24(16);1329-25
Ying J et al. Icones Of Medicinal Fungi From China. Translated by X. Yuehan. Beijing: Science Press. 1987;
Yoona SJ, Yub MA, Pyunb YR, Hwangb JK, Chuc DC, Junejac LR, Mouro PAS. The nontoxic mushroom Auricularia auricula contains a
polysaccharide with anticoagulant activity mediated by antithrombin. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2003.10.022. 2003.
Zhou H et al. Antiaging effect of the polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula and Tremella fuciformis. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao 20:303306. From CA 112:132431g. 1989
Zhou H et al. Antihepatitis and antimutation effect of polysaccharide from Tremella fuciformis and Auricularia auricula. Zhongguo Yaoke
Daxue Xuebao 20:51-53. From CA 110:185434a. 1989
Sus notas:
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PORIA-MRL
Poria cocos tiene cuerpos
PORIA-MRL
fructferos en forma de coco,
Cientfico
Poria cocos
Sin.: Wolfiporia cocos,
con esclerorio con una
W.extensa, Pachyma hoelen,
corteza. Crece en micorrizas
P. cocos
sobre las races de diversas
Chino
Fuling
variedades de pino en las
Japons
Bukuryo, Matsuhodo
regiones templadas de China, Japn y en otras
Otros
Pan indio
zonas. Los indios de Norteamrica lo usaban
haciendo una especie de pan con este hongo.
Se menciona en el Libro de las Canciones, un texto chino del siglo XI. Segn el
texto clsico de Tratado de Materia Mdica de Shennong (s. III) pertenece a la
categora superior, es decir, est recomendado parauso prolongado. En China existe
la creencia de que se form cuando la energa divin a descendi de los cielos por los
rboles esta ideas se reflejan en su nombre chino que significa "gota divina
anidada" o " nido santo" (Ando, 2007).
www.renmai.es
Agentes
aglomerantes
(en tabletas)
Akihisa T, Mizushina Y, Ukiya M, Oshikubo M, Kondo S, Kimura Y, Suzuki T, Tai T.Dehydrotrametenonic acid and dehydroeburiconic
acid from Poria cocos and their inhibitory effects on eukaryotic DNA polymerase and . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2004;68:448-450.
Akihisa T, Nakamura Y, Tokuda H, Uchiyama E, Suzuki T, Kimura Y, Uchikura K, Nishino H. Triterpene acids from Poria cocos and their
anti-tumor-promoting effects. J Nat Prod. 2007, Jun; 70(6):948-53.
Akihisa T, Uchiyama E, Kikuchi T, Tokuda H, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Anti-tumor-promoting effects of 25-methoxyporicoic acid A and
other triterpene acids from Poria cocos. J Nat Prod. 2009, Oct; 72(10):1786-92.
Ando V. Pharmacology of Classical Chinese Medicine: 417-423. Svtn, 2007. [en checo]
Cuellar MJ, Giner RM, Recio MDC, Just MJ, Manez S, Rios JL. Effect of the Basidiomycete Poria cocos on Experimental Dermatitis and Other
Inflammatory Conditions. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol.45 , no.3(1997)pp.492-494
Dean K. Anti-acne composition containing a Poria cocos extract. HerbalGram.1999;47:32.
Deng G. Xu J. Poriatin: a potential aldesterone antagonist. Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi, 1992 17:34-37.
Ding CG, Tian PX, Xue WJ. Preventive Effect of Poria cocos on Acute Rejection of Renal Transplantation in Rat. Chinese Journal Of
Integrated Traditional And Western Medicine -Chinese Edition- 2010, vol 30; part 3, pages 308-311.
Ding G. Anti-arrhythmia agents in traditional Chinese medicines. Abstracts of Chinese Medicines 1:287-308. 1987.
Ding Q, Zhang L, Cheung PCK. Isolation and structural analysis of polysaccharides from Poria cocos mycelia. Acta Polymer Sin. 2000;2:224227. Esteban CI. Medicinal interest of Poria cocos (= Wolfiporia extensa). Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia. 2009, vol 26; numb 2, pages 103107. [in Spanish]
Fuchs S et al. Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos in sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritant contact dermatis. Skin
Research and Technology, Volume 12, Number 4, November 2006, 223-227(5).
Fuchs SM, Heinemann C, Schliemann-Willers S, Hrtl H, Fluhr JW, Elsner P. Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of Poria cocos in
sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritant contact dermatitis. Skin Res Technol. 2006;12:223-227.
Gapter L, Wang ZS, Glinski J, Ng KY. Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by pachymic acid from Poria cocos. Biochemical
and Biophysical Research Communications; Vol. 332; Issue: 4; DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.044
Giner EM, Mez S, Recio MC, Giner RM, Cerd-Nicols M, Ros JL. In vivo studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of pachymic
and dehydrotumulosic acids. Pl Med. 2000;66:221-227.
www.renmai.es
Hattori T, Hayashi K, Nagao T, Furuta K, Ito M, Suzuki Y. Studies on antinephritic effects of plant components: effect or pachyman, a
main component of Poria cocos Wolf. On original type anti-GBM nephritis in rats and its mechanisms. Jap J Pharmacol. 1992;59:89-96.
Hobbs C. Medicinal mushrooms. An exploration of tradition, healing & culture. Santa Cruz: Botanica Press; 1995.
Huang Q, Jin Y, Zhang L, Cheung PCK, Kennedy JF. Structure, molecular size and antitumor activities of polysaccharides from Poria
cocos mycelia produced in fermenter. Carbohyd Polym. 2007;70:324-333.
Huang YC, Chang WL, Huang SF, Lin CY, Lin HC, Chang TC. Pachymic acid stimulates glucose uptake through enhanced GLUT4
expression and translocation. European Journal Of Pharmacology. 2010, vol 648; number 1-3, pages 39-49.
Chang HH, Yeh CH, Sheu F. A novel immunomodulatory protein from Poria cocos induces Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation
within mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Agric Food Chem. 2009, Jul 22; 57(14):6129-39.
Chen X, Zhang L, Cheung PC. Immunopotentiation and anti-tumor activity of carboxymethylated-sulfated sz-(1 3)-d-glucan from Poria cocos.
International Immunopharmacology. 2010, vol 10; number 4, pages 398-405.
Chen YY, Chang HM. Antiproliferative and differentiating effects of polysaccharide fraction from fu-ling (Poria cocos) on human leukemic U937
and HL-60 cells. Food And Chemical Toxicology, 2004, 42, 5; 759-769
Kaminaga T, Yasukawa K, Kanno H, Tai T, Nunoura Y, Takido M. Inhibitory effects of lanostane-type triterpene acids, the components of
Poria cocos, on tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology. 1996 Sep-Oct;
53(5):382-5.
Kanayama H et al. Studies on the antitumor active polysaccharides from the mycelia of Poria cocos Wolf. I. Fractionation and purification of
antitumor polysaccharide Hn. Yakugaku Zasshi 106:199. 1986.
Kanayama H, Adachi N, Togami M. A new antitumor polysaccharide from the mycelia of Poria cocos Wolf. Chem Pharm Bull. 1983;31:11151118.
Lee BI, Hong IP, Kim DW, Lee MW. Effects of Poria cocos and Panax ginseng Extracts on Hemogram of Sarcoma-180 Mouse. The
Korean journal of mycology. Volume 18, Issue , December 1990, pp.218-224
Lee KY, Jeon YJ. Polysaccharide isolated from Poria cocos sclerotium induces NF-kappaB/Rel activation and iNOS expression in murine
macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Oct;3(10-11):1353-62.
Li B, Yoo SB, Jabaiti S, Sung MA, Kim SM, Kim MJ, Jahng JW, Lin Z, Lee JH. Traditional herbal medicines, Fuling, Baizhu, and Danggui,
promote the proliferation of human Schwann cells. Neural Regeneration Research. 2010, VOL 5; NUMB 16, pages 1216-1219.
Li TH, Hou CC, Chang CLT, Yang WC. Anti-Hyperglycemic Properties of Crude Extract and Triterpenes from Poria cocos. Evid Based
Complement Alternat Med. 2011; 2011: 128402.
Ling , Zhou L, Jia X, Gapter LA, Agarwal R, Ng KY. Polyporenic acid C induces caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer A549
cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 2009, vol 48; number 6, pages 498-507.
Lou F et. al. Natural antineoplastic compounds and their structure-activity relationships. Abstracts of Chinese Medicines. 2:484-498. 1988
Ma CY, Chang WC, Chang HM, Wu JSB. Immunomodulatory Effect of the Polysaccharide-Rich Fraction from Sclerotium of Medicinal
Mushroom Poria cocos F.A. Wolf (Aphyllophoromycetideae) on Balb/c Mice. International Journal Of Medicinal Mushrooms. 2010, vol 12;
numb 2, pages 111-122.
Mizushina Y, Akihisa T, Ukiya M, Murakami C, Kuriyama I, Xu X, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K. A novel DNA topoisomerase
inhibitor: dehydroebriconic acid, one of the lanostane-type triterpene acids from Poria cocos. Cancer Sci. 2004 Apr;95(4):354-60.
Nukaya H, Yamashiro H, Fukazawa H, Ishida H, Tsuji K. Isolation of inhibitors of TPA-induced mouse ear edema from Hoelen, Poria
cocos. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1996 Apr;44(4):847-9.
Nunoshiba T et al. Antimutagenic activity of hoelen extracts. Sci. Eng. Rev. Doshisha Univ. 30:266-272. From CA 113:365-374.
Park YH, Son IH, Kim B, Lyu YS, Moon HI, Kang HW. Poria cocos water extract (PCW) protects PC12 neuronal cells from betaamyloid-induced cell death through antioxidant and antiapoptotic functions. Pharmazie. 2009 Nov;64(11):760-4.
Plotnikoff GA. Poria cocos (Schwein.) F.A. Wolf in Japanese Traditional Herbal Medicines: insights from Kampo case studies and implications for
contemporary research. Int J Med Mush. 2005;7:447-448.
Smriga M, Saito H, Nishiyama N. Hoelen (Poria Cocos WOLF) and Ginseng (Panax Ginseng C. A. MEYER), the Ingredients of a Chinese
Prescription DX-9386, Individually Promote Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Vivo. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol.18,
No.4(1995), pp.518-522
Tai T, Akita Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K, Watanabe K. Anti-emetic principles of Poria cocos. Pl Med. 1995;61:527-530.
Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Hirano M, Oshikubo M, Nobokuni Y, Kimura Y, Tai T, Kondo S, Nishino H. Inhibition of tumor-promoting
effects by poricoic acids G and H and other lanostane-type triterpenes and cytotoxic activity of poricoic acids A and G from Poria cocos. J Nat Prod.
2002;65:462-465.
Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Hirano M, Oshikubo M, Nobukuni Y, Kimura Y, Tai T, Kondo S, Nishino H. Inhibition of Tumor-Promoting
Effects by Poricoic Acids G and H and Other Lanostane-Type Triterpenes and Cytotoxic Activity of Poricoic Acids A and G from Poria cocos.
Journal Of Natural Products ; 2002, 65, 462-465.
Valek P. Plants for healthy life: 176-177. JB Start, 2007. [en checo]
Wang G et al. Effect of poriatin on mouse immune system. So. Chin. J. Antibiot. 1992. 17:42-47.
Yasukawa K, Kaminaga T, Kitanaka S, Tai T, Nunoura Y, Natori S, Takido M. 3--hydroxybenzoyldehydrotumulosic acid from Poria
cocos, and its anti-inflammatory effect. Phytochemistry. 1998;48:1357-1360.
Zhang LN, Chen L, Xu XJ, Zeng FB, Cheung PCK. Effect of Molecular Mass on Antitumor Activity of Heteropolysaccharide from Poria cocos.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. vol.69;no.3;page.631-634(2005)
Zhang M, Chiu LC, Cheung PC, Ooi VE. Growth-inhibitory effects of a beta-glucan from the mycelium of Poria cocos on human
breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells: cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Oncol Rep. 2006 Mar;15(3):637-43.
Zhou L., Zhang Y, Gapter LA, Ling H, Agarwal R, Ng KY. Cytotoxic and anti-oxidant activities of lanostane-type triterpenes isolated from
Poria cocos. Chem Pharm Bull. 2008;56:1459-1462.
Sus notas:
www.renmai.es
CHAGA-MRL
Es un hongo que crece sobre
CHAGA-MRL
madera; tiene una superficie negra
y marrn en el interior,
crece Cientfico Inonotus obliquus
Huashugu
lentamente durante unos pocos Chino Baihuarong
www.renmai.es
Cui Y, Kim DS, Park KC. Antioxidant effect of Inonotus obliquus. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96: 79-85
Ham SS, Oh SW, Kim YK, Shin KS, Chang HY, Chung GH. Antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of ethanol extract from the Inonotus
obliquus. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2003;32:10881094
Ham SS, Oh SW, Kim YK, Shin KS, Chang HY, Chung GH. Antioxidant and genotoxic inhibition activity of ethanol extract from the Inonotus
obliquus. Journal of Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2003;32:10711075
Hutchens AR. Indian Herbology of North America. Windsor, Ontario. Merco, 1973.
Chung MJ, Chung CK, Jeong Y, Ham SS. Anticancer activity of subfractions containing pure compounds of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus
obliquus) extract in human cancer cells and in Balbc/c mice bearing Sarcoma-180 cells. Nutrition Research and Practice 4 (3): 177182, 2
010. doi:10.4162/nrp.2010.4.3.177. PMC 2895696. PMID 20607061
Kim YO, Han SB, Lee HW, Ahn HJ, Yoon YD, Jung JK, Kim HM, Shin CS. Immuno-stimulating effect of the endo-polysaccharide
produced by submerged culture of Inonotus obliquus. Life Sci. 77 (19): 243856, 2005. doi:10.1016/j.l fs.2005.02.023. PMID 15970296
Kim YO, Park HW, Kim JH, Lee JY, Moon SH, Shin CS. Anti-cancer effect and structural characterization of endo-polysaccharide from
cultivated mycelia of Inonotus obliquus. Life Sci. 79 (1): 7280, 2006. doi:10.1016/j.lfs. 2005.12.047. PMID 16458328
Lee SH, Hwang HS, Yun JW. Antitumor activity of water extract of a mushroom, Inonotus obliquus, against HT-29 human colon cancer
cells. Phytother Res. 2009;23:17841789
Mizuno T, Zhuang C, Abe K, Okamoto H, Kiho T, Ukai S, et al. Antitumor and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from the
sclerotia and mycelia of Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) Pil. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Int J Med Mushrooms. 1999;1:30116.
Park YM, Won JH, Kim YH, Choi JW, Park HJ, Lee KT. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the
methanol extract of Inonotus obliquus. J Ethnopharmacol 101 (1-3): 1208, 2005. doi:10.1 016/j.jep.2005.04.003. PMID 15905055
Piaskowski S. Preliminary studies on the preparation and application of preparations from black birch touchwood in human cases of
malignant tumors. Sylwan 105: 5-11, 1957
Song Y, Hui J, Kou W, Xin R, Jia F, Wang N, Hu F, Zhang H. et al. Identification of Inonotus obliquus and Analysis of Antioxidation and
Antitumor Activities of Polysaccharides. Current Microbiology 57 (5): 454462, 2008. doi:1 0.1007/s00284-008-9233-6. PMID 18795365
Sun JE, Ao ZH, Lu ZM, Xu HY, Zhang XM, Dou WF, Xu ZH. Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of dry matter of culture
broth of Inonotus obliquus in submerged culture on normal and alloxan-diabetes mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 118 (1): 7-13
Sun Y, Yin T, Chen XH, Zhang G, Curtis RB, Lu ZH, Jiang JH. In vitro antitumor activity and structure characterization of ethanol extracts
from wild and cultivated Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilt (Aphyllophoromycetideae). Int J Med Mushrooms.
2011;13(2):121-30.
Vinogradov GS. Samovraevanie i skotoleenie u ruskovo ctaroilovo naselenija (materialy po narodnoj medicine i veterinarii). str. 20-25.
East Siberia, Russia. Ethnography Publishing House, 1915.
Ying J et al. Icones Of Medicinal Fungi From China. Translated by X. Yuehan. Beijing: Science Press. 1987.
Yun JS, Pahk JW, Lee JS, Shin WC, Lee SY, Hong EK. Inonotus obliquus protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and premature
senescence. Mol Cells. 2011 May;31(5):423-9. Epub 2011 Feb 22.
www.renmai.es
Zheng W, Miao K, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Pan S et al. Chemical diversity of biologically active metabolites in the sclerotia of Inonotus
obliquus and submerged culture strategies for up-regulating their production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87 (4): 123754, 2010.
doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2682-4. PMID 20532760
Zheng W, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Miao K, Wei Z. Accumulation of antioxidant phenolic constituents in submerged cultures of Inonotus
obliquus. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100(3): 1327-1335
Zheng WF, Liu T, Xiang X, Gu Q. Sterol composition in field-grown and cultured mycelia of Inonotus obliquus. Yao xue xue bao =
Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 42 (2007-07): 750756. PMID 17 882960
Zhong XH, Wang LB, Sun DZ. Effects of inotodiol extracts from inonotus obliquus on proliferation cycle and apoptotic gene of human
lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Mar;17(3):218-23. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0670-x.
Sus notas:
www.renmai.es
Alergia
Antienvejecimiento (envejecimiento prematuro)
Antibacteriano
Anticndid
Anticoagulante (coagulacin sangunea)
Antioxidante
Antiviral
Asma / bronquitis
Enfermedades autoinmunes
Espalda, cintura apoyo
Depresin
Detoxicacin
Diabetes
Diurtic (induce diuresis)
Gota
TM
Reponer Qi (Qi
)
Nutrir la Esencia jing
TM
EBV, virus
Edema, hinchazon
Eczema, alergia cutne
Hemorroides
TCM
Flema tan
Colesterol disminucin
Sndrome de Fatiga Crnica
Inmunomodulator (Th1<->Th2)
Inmuno-estimulante (adaptgeno)
Incontinencia
Tos seca con difilcultad respiratoria
Coagulante (efecto coagulante en la sangre)
Contraindicado en embarazo
Glucosa en sangre regulacin
Presin sangunea regulacin
Espasmos
Menstruacin problemas, SPM
Cncer, enfermedad cancerosa(apoyo)
Inquietud neurosis
Insomnio, sueo inquieto
Osteoporosis
Edema
Acidez
Hgado, apoyo (por ej. en hepatitis)
Quimio y radioterapia, apoyo
Articulaciones y huesos, apoyo
Rin, apoyo
Lbido, apoyo
Cerebro, apoyo
Sistema nervioso, apoyo
Pulmn, apoyo
Corazn, apoyo (cardiovascular)
Tendones, msculos y huesos, apoyo
Tiroides, apoyo
Digestin, intestino, apoyo
Estmago, apoyo (gastritis)
TCM
Aclarar calor
Antiinflamatorio
Diarrea (o infecciones intestinales)
Peso, control
Artritis reumatoide
mycologyresearch
Poria cocos(fuling-bukuryo)
chorei)
Polyporus umbellatus(zhuling-
Pleurotus ostreatus(pinggu-hiratake)
Lentinula edodes(xianggu-shiitake)
yamabushitake)
Hericium erinaceus(houtougu-
Grifola frondosa(huishuhua-maitake)
Ganoderma lucidum(lingzhi-reishi)
Coriolus versicolor(yunzhi-kawaratake)
Cordyceps sinensis(dongchongxiacao)
Agaricus blazei(jisongrong-himematsutake)
kikurage)
Auricularia auricula(heimuer-
57
TCM
Tinnitus
Hongo
AURICULARIA-MRL
heimuer
Hongo de oreja de Judas
Sabor
Naturaleza
Meridianos
dulce
neutra
Estmago, Hgado,
Intestino Grueso
BLAZEI-MRL
jisongrong
Hongo de almendra
picante,
dulce
tibia
Estmago, Bazo,
Intestino Delgado y
Grueso
CORDYCEPS-MRL
dongchongxiacao
Hongo de oruga
dulce
tibia
Pulmn, Rin
CORIOLUS-MRL
yunzhi
Cola de pavo
HERICIUM-MRL
houtougu
Melena de len
MAITAKE-MRL
huishuhua
Cabeza de carnero
PLEUROTUS-MRL
pinggu
Hongo ostra
POLYPORUS-MRL
zhuling
Poliporo sombrilla
PORIA-MRL
fuling
Poria
REISHI-MRL
lingzhi
Hongo Polyporus
SHIITAKE-MRL
xianggu
Hongo chino negro
ligeramente
dulce
tibia
dulce,
inspido
neutra
Bazo,
Corazn
Hgado,
Rin
Efectos
Nutre el Qi y la sangre, refresca la sangre y frena el
sangrado, hidrata la sequedad y los pulmones, apoya al
estmago, purga los intestinos, relaja los tendones , labre
los colaterales .
Ayuda a los intestinos, fortalece el estmago y el cuerpo
en general, disuelve la Flema, alivia la tos y el dolor,
relaja los espasmos, regula el Qi y explusa las lombrices
intestinales, repone la insuficiencia.
Nutre el yin de Pulmn (calor en la parte superior) ,
tonifica el yang de Rion (fro en la parte inferior),
tonifica el Qi, nutre la esencia de Rin (la raz de la
vida), tonifica el weiQi, disuelve la Flema, frena el
sangrando.
Tonifica el Bazo, disuelva la humedad y la Flema, nutre
el yin de Hgado y de Rin, elimina el calor, nutr e el
espritu, mejora la energa
Beneficia a los rganos yin, zang, apoya la digestin,
elimina la inflamacin, fortalece, aclara y transfo rma,
revitaliza el Bazo, nutre el Qi, relaja la mente.
Repone el Qi y revitaliza el Bazo, aclara el calor, drena
la humedad, repone la insuficiencia y fortalece el zheng
Qi.
Revitaliza el Bazo y drena la humedad, tonifica el Qi,
fortalece las venas y relaja los tendones, elimina el
viento-fro, antiparasitario.
dulce
neutra
Pulmn, Rion,
Intestino Grueso
dulce
ligeramente
tibia
Hgado, Estmago,
Bazo
dulce,
inspido
neutra
Rin, Vejiga
dulce,
inspido
neutra
dulce,
amargo
(ligeramente
picante)
neutra
Corazn, Pulmn,
Bazo
(Hgado, Rin)
dulce
neutral
Estmago, Bazo,
Pulmn
www.renmai.es
Hgado
Vescula
Biliar
Jiao
Fuego
huo
pinggu,
houtougu,
heimuer
Tierra
tu
Madera
dongchongxiacao,
huishuhua, houtougu,
zhuling, fuling
Rin,
Vejiga
mu
Agua
Metal
Bazo,
Estmago
Pulmon,
Intestino
shui
jin
Grueso
Resumen de las caractersticas de los hongos segn la medicina tradicional china (MTC)
www.renmai.es
www.renmai.es
www.renmai.es