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the power produced by the thermoelectric generator was determined as a function of the service
life of the dry-cask. In addition, an estimation of the path loss experienced by the wireless signal
can be made based on materials and thickness of the structure. Once the path loss is known, the
transmission power and thermoelectric generator power requirements can be determined. This
analysis estimates that a thermoelectric generator can produce enough power for a sensor to
function and transmit data from inside the dry-cask throughout its service life.
performance is lacking in the professional literature. Thus, we have undertaken this effort.
Determination of the sensor stimulus, context of use, and sensor platform are major preliminary
design issues in GRSs.
Thus, these three components form the basic structure of our taxonomy. We emphasize
the relationship between these critical components and the design of the GRS in terms of its
architectural functions and computational requirements. In this treatise, we consider sensors that
are capable of capturing dynamic and static arm and hand gestures. Although we discuss various
sensor types, our main focus is on visual sensors as we expect these to become the sensor of
choice in the foreseeable future. We delineate the challenges ahead for their increased
effectiveness in this application domain. We note as a special challenge, the development of
sensors that take over many of the functions the GRS designer struggles with today. We believe
our contribution, in this first survey on sensors for GRSs, can give valuable insights into this
important research and development topic, and encourage advanced research directions and new
approaches.
monitoring pH values in fish meats that could be used to identify spoilage remotely has been
demonstrated.
that require substantial experience to master. This paper presents a new type of interface that
allows operators to drive a crane by simply moving a hand-held radio-frequency tag through the
desired path.
Real-time location sensors are used to track the movements of the tag and its position is
used in a feedback control loop to drive the crane. Unfortunately, crane movements usually
induce large-amplitude payload oscillations. Therefore, an input-shaping control element is used
to limit payload swing. Experimental results on an industrial bridge crane validate the controller
performance.
The node is designed with very low sleep current consumption (only 8 A) and it contains
a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOX) gas sensor and a Pyroelectric InfraRed (PIR) sensor.
Furthermore, the network is multimodal: it exploits information from auxiliary sensors like PIR
sensors about presence of people and from the neighbor nodes about gas concentration to modify
the behavior of the node and the measuring frequency of the gas concentration. In this way we
reduce the nodes activity and energy requirements, providing a reliable service at the same time.
To evaluate our approach and the benefits of the context-aware adaptive sampling, we simulate
an application scenario which demonstrates a significant lifetime extension (several years)
compared to the continuously driven gas sensor. In March 2012 we deployed the WSN with 36
nodes in a four-storey building and by now the performance has confirmed models and
expectations.
characterization. A network sniffer is also employed to provide insight into the behaviour of the
wireless mesh networking protocol. We consider that the relevance of our work can be
highlighted in saved costs associated with maintenance operations and man-hours after a final,
large-scale deployment of WSN instrumentation has already taken place.
However, the magnetic sensor may be affected by the fluctuation of the outside
temperature. To solve the problem, we introduce a moving drift factor. On the parking lot in
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), 62 sensor devices are deployed to evaluate
the performance of SPS. By running the system for several months, we observe the vehicle
detection accurate rate of the SPS is nearly 99%. The proposed SPS is energy efficient. The end
device can run about 7 years with one 2400mAh AA battery.
models, then we compare these models and we select a model for our test bed. We implement the
selected model in real environment using wireless sensor network. We analyse network delay to
find out whether wireless sensor network is useful or not. With proposed model, we can save up
to 57% in energy cost. Also, we develop In- home display to inform customers about their
energy usage so that they can manage their energy consumption easier.
minimizes their count while ensuring coverage. We employ Integer Linear Programming (ILP)
to achieve a deployment scheme that addresses such constraints. Our approach generated
outstanding results in terms of cost-efficiency when compared to other WSN/RFID integrated
architectures.
toys), large static obstructions (e.g. building wall), as well as stairs and uneven surfaces, and
inform the wearer several times before making contact with the object (e.g., 0.5m, 1.5m and 2m).
The sensors are miniature and are suitable for integrating in the shoe for the wearer to undertake
normal daily activities.
extraction, code generation and architecture mapping. Pattern extraction and development are
designed to provide Zigbee application with the benefit of model reuse and modification. SysML
serves as a medium between pattern development and code generation.
State diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagram help describes a specific
application scenario. This research provides an embedded software development framework that
integrates the heterogeneous readers and sensors interfaces with an optimal energy control model
to enhance the quality of digital home living environments. The framework allows rapid
deployment of the supporting software for a suite of energy control and sensing devices aiming
not only at energy saving but allowing individual residents to monitor their energy use at any
time.
The closely similar pattern of power consumption profiles among hand written code and
model derived code indicate that our tool has successfully completed the goal in synthesizing the
required component codes and function successfully in controlling the comfort level with
minimum amount of energy consumption. The stored energy efficient pattern can be reused at
will for real world application of energy saving deployments.
transmission delay. In this paper, we present a reliable transmission protocol based on anycast
routing for wireless patient monitoring.
Our scheme automatically selects the closest data receiver in an anycast group as a
destination to reduce the transmission latency as well as the control overhead. The new protocol
also shortens the latency of path recovery by initiating route recovery from the intermediate
routers of the original path. On the basis of a reliable transmission scheme, we implement a
ZigBee device for fall monitoring, which integrates fall detection, indoor positioning, and ECG
monitoring. When the triaxial accelerometer of the device detects a fall, the current position of
the patient is transmitted to an emergency center through a ZigBee network. In order to clarify
the situation of the fallen patient, 4-s ECG signals are also transmitted. Our transmission scheme
ensures the successful transmission of these critical messages.
The experimental results show that our scheme is fast and reliable. We also demonstrate
that our devices can seamlessly integrate with the next generation technology of wireless wide
area network, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, to achieve real-time patient
monitoring.
alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors.
The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will
help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness. A prototype of the
device has been fabricated and extensively tested with very good results.
analyzing the diverse patterns of inputs and combining base positioning algorithms with spatial
dependent weights. The experiments were conducted in a realistic ZigBee sensor network.
Results demonstrated that the proposed approach apparently achieves more accurate location
estimation than the compared methods including the gradient-based search, linear squares
approximation, multidimensional scaling, fingerprinting method, and a multi-expert system.
signal strength variations incorporated in messages exchanged between 2.4 GHz radio
transceivers. One of the key benefits of the proposed solution is the integration of the detection
algorithm into the smart power outlets and smart light switches. Such an approach improves
interactions in smart home systems, enables intelligent power consumption management and low
installation cost.
wireless sensor network containing up to 4 hops, which are between 10-80 meters. In an outdoor
single hop network topology, ranging between 10-80 meters, acceptable voice quality is
observed up to 60 meters.
needs to be encrypted when it is distributed to nodes. In this paper, we propose the efficient
group key management with user authentication protocol in ZigBee network, especially for home
automation, which generates the group key with combination of entity's secret information. This
approach reduces re-distribution of keys with encryption and the storage area for saving the
group and session key.
ZigBee, based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard is used for this short distance transmission between
the hardware fitted with the mine worker and the ground control centre.
lighting due to its low power consumption, long life and useful narrow band. LED lighting
system provides an efficient and economical lighting system that facilitates plant growth by
varying light intensity and frequency according to light conditions and growing requirements and
also helps in reducing production costs and speeding growth. Prototype of the proposed system
has been installed in a small part of greenhouse. Data acquisition and remote management of the
system has shown very satisfactory performance.
distance in received power and the attenuation effect in the signal when propagates, which
determine the network topology to deploy and the validity of our location model.
seamlessly regardless of location change. The proposed architecture gives more efficient energysaving HEMS.
when the number of reference nodes was increased. In future location accuracy will be improved
by combining ZigBee RSSI with GSM CellID and also by using better signal processing
algorithms.
It can reduce investment and human capital in red wine fermentation production, and to complete
revenue and optimization the fermentation process.
Finally, it realizes the whole system according to practical application of family network
automation system. This paper uses PWM to realize ZigBee wireless remote light control, and it
also provides a control platform for indoor air conditioning system and curtains opening and
closing system.
send the parameters or command. It is proved by the experiment that the system can realize the
fire detection and alarm.
and industrial optical fiber Ethernet, transfer the coordinate information to ground monitoring
host. Management personnel can monitor the localization of underground miners through the
host at any time, and also manage underground miner's attendance information as well as disaster
relief.
technology to secure wireless data in motion (DIM), Bluetooth security is often disregarded.
However, the International Data Corporation (IDC) projected that global Bluetooth short-wave
wire semiconductor revenue will triple from $1.7 billion in 2007, to $3.3 billion by 2012 [1].
After a brief history of Bluetooth technology, researchers will examine how Bluetooth works, its
vulnerabilities, and how these vulnerabilities can be exploited.
Bluetooth data profile supported by the different Operative System (iOS, Android). In this paper
the Bluetooth Hands-Free profile has been evaluated to transmit sensor information to
smartphone, since it is the only profile supported both by Android as well as iOS devices. A
prototype of a photoplethysmographic sensor with Hands-Free interface has been realized and
interfaced to commercial smartphone, showing the feasibility of this approach.
using IP service provider at cheaper cost. The purpose of this research is to design and
implement a telephony program that uses WIFI in p2p (Peer-to-Peer) or WLAN (Wireless Local
Area Network) as a means of communication between mobile phones at no cost. The system will
allow users to search for other individuals within WIFI range and to establish free p2p voice
connections, or to establish virtual connection through Access Points (AP), as well as giving the
option to user to use GSM in the case of no WIFI connectivity is available. A novel algorithm is
introduced to convert mobile number into IP address and use it as a mean for contacting other
mobile over p2p or AP using WIFI technology.
estimation. Then the system shows the estimated user's geographical location on the campus map
via Web browser. A network administrator may know users' geographical location easily to use
this system.
Test bed For Combination of Local Sensing with Geolocation Database In Real Environments
Abstract:
This article describes an experimental testbed that combines wireless microphone sensors
with a web-based terrestrial digital video broadcasting geolocation database and a program
making and special events spectrumbooking platform. Software defined radio and Internet
technologies are the enabling tools in use. The key sensing techniques are identified and
implemented. Test trials in a real scenario have shown that the platform was able to receive
Mobile: 98422 38186, 90806 58586
Mail: info@egtechprojects.com, www.egtechprojects.com
Due to the high dimension and nonlinearity of the collected sensor data, a classifier with
a dimension reduction technique is proposed for robust behaviour identification of a wearer.
Experiments verify that the proposed classifier outperforms the conventional classifiers in its
one-pass training and with higher distinguishing capability. The device functions unobtrusively,
whilst giving the user peace of mind in the knowledge that their safety is being monitored.
Various parameters of water quality are automatically detected under the control of single
chip micro controller all day. The single chip gets the data, and then processes and analyzes
them. After that, the data are instantaneously sent to monitoring center by GSM network in the
form of SMS. If the water quality is abnormal, the data will be sent to monitoring center and
management's mobile in the same way at the same time. It is convenient for management to take
corresponding measures timely and be able to detect real-time situation of water quality
remotely. The system has realized the automation of water quality monitoring, intelligence of
data analyzing and networking of information transferring. It is characterized by advantages of
shortcut, accuracy and using manpower and material resources sparingly. The system has
widespread application value and can be extended and transplanted to other fields of automatic
monitoring where needed.
GIS, GPS, and other technologies was realized. Preliminary application of the VGS show the
system can exactly position vehicle, real-timely display running track of vehicle, effectively
calculate shortest path, rightly guide diver driving and so on.
applications using bicycles. The test results show that it can detect linear fall, non-linear fall and
normal ride with high accuracy.
function, and if it is equipped with wireless transmission, the system can be directly applied in
the initial acquisition for free-space optical communication.
up a powerful monitor system. With the using of the terminal, the machinery rooms can be
monitored and controlled in anywhere at anytime on any device. It makes the machinery rooms
maintenance become easy and efficient.
by a smartphone via WIFI and perform indoor patrol and monitor its surroundings. The home
site conditions can be clearly seen on the smartphone. Experiments show that the proposed
control design and system integration of the wheeled mobile robot works well in indoor real-time
surveillance.
J2ME, and limited to specific areas. On the aspect of the hardware cryptograph, they focus on
the security of computer information.
There is no mature product in the mobile area basing on hardware cryptograph.
Considering this situation, we refer to and compare varieties of the present payment patterns,
using the JMX micro-core service as the bus structure, introducing safe technologies to design
starting from the hardware unit to get security module independently. In this way, we realize the
security, completeness, confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiation of the data of mobile
payment.
is an Android Based Application developed on Android Honeycomb 3.2. LSC is all in one SMS
manager and includes some previous features with advancements as well as some new and
exciting Features like Group chat etc. The proposed application has been tested on different
scenarios and experimental results shows that the proposed application is effective both in terms
of efficiency and time.
demonstration
purposes,
an
accelerometer,
temperature
sensor
and
electrocardiography (ECG) signal data are used to perform the experiments. Raw sensor data are
interpreted to either graphical or text notations to be presented on the smartphone and the central
server. Furthermore, a Java-based central server application is used to demonstrate
communication with the Android system for data storage and analysis.
service technology [6] and lightweight XML parsing technology, the system takes individual
needs of customers as the center, setting up a "digital application of Mobile Box" for each user,
providing users with a variety of mobile multimedia applications and service that meet personal
needs. The intelligent information integration system has been realized on the Android platform,
and runs well providing intelligent space for users' personalized service.
must obtain access to the teach pendant or terminal. In an effort to eliminate this need, this paper
introduces an android platform that communicates with robots over a Bluetooth connection.
application. In the mean time, using adaptive threshold algorithm could increase sensitivity
dramatically. In a word ,our system provides a realizable, effective and portal solution to fall
detection for users.
measuring blood pressure by tonometry in Western medicine. The accuracy of blood pressure
measurements using tonometry is lower than the accuracy achieved using an electric monometer.
Therefore in this study, a multiple regression equation was developed to improve the
accuracy of blood pressure measurements using a pulse diagnostic apparatus. When this equation
was used, the mean difference of 3.3mmHg and standard deviation of 2.4mmHg during the
contraction phase and the mean difference of 3.6mgHg and standard deviation of 2.6mmHg
during the relaxation phase were calculated. This is statistically significant and satisfies the
criteria of the mean difference of 5mmHg and standard deviation of 8.0mmHg stated in
ANSI/AAMI SP10. In addition, we develop an Android-based telemedicine system using a
Tablet PC to measure blood pressure
and assists the elderly person to complete their daily life activities. It facilitates the care giver
assistant by tracking the elderly persons in their own homes and avoids certain accidents.
Furthermore, it also helps the family members to track the activities, when they are outside from
homes.
Furthermore, we tested the performance of our system with different people that have
different English accents, and under different background noise. Our performance analysis
showed that there is a need to develop and enhance the current Google API voice recognition
engine to better support people with different English accents. Moreover, the current APIs
should allow the developer to add some signal processing functionalities to eliminate the effect
of the background noise that the user may encounter while driving.
Firstly, command is sent from the web Application and saved in database. The Android mobile
phone reads the sent command from database and performs predefined procedure to execute the
command and hence, generate outcome due to execution of the command. Thus, this system can
be used as an exploration and control system because remote mobile phone automatically
implements command like capturing picture and upload the captured picture to the server and
control electrical devices.
Command is implemented to capture picture automatically of the surrounding location
and upload it to server. It can also send automatically GPS location of the mobile phone to
server's database. So, it can be used to detect the device's geographical location and collateral
condition. Hence, it can be used in monitoring as well as in security system. Finally, command is
implemented for generating DTMF tone signal on Android phone. A DTMF detection circuit,
interfaced with mobile phone, can automatically detect the DTMF tone signal and generates 4 bit
digital code output. This digital output code can be utilized to control any electrical device.
Fi receiver. The platform estimates the distance between subjects applying data mining
techniques to the analysis of the Wi-Fi RSSI. We describe the design and implementation of the
platform, together with the technical solutions implemented in each module. We demonstrate
that the proposed platform is able to achieve a resolution of 0,5 meters.
Road condition monitoring and alert application: Using invehicle Smartphone as Internet-connected sensor
Abstract:
The proposal describes a road condition monitoring and alert application using the invehicle Smartphone as connected sensors, which are connected to an Internet-of-Things platform
over the Internet. In addition to providing a generic Internet-of-Things based platform, the
proposed solution brings in novel energy-efficient phone-orientation-agnostic accelerometer
analytics in phone, reduces the data volume that needs be communicated between phone and the
back-end over Internet, brings in multi-user fusion concepts to create authentic road condition
maps and addresses privacy concerns for the phone user for sharing the required data.
Specifically, the paper proposes a gravity center method that calculate the positions of the
user and the passing person taking errors in the GPS measurements into consideration, and a
method of displaying the message sent by the other person at a position on the camera screen
calculated from the position data sent by the other person's terminal. These methods have been
implemented in Android terminals, and the effectiveness of these methods has been evaluated.
thickness is different (175 m for Melinex and 100 m for CG3460). A nonlineal response has
been obtained in this type of sensors. In order to linearize the response and reduce the external
hardware, an artificial neural network embedded into the microcontroller has been used.
To achieve this goal, this study integrates radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless
local area network, database technologies, and a menu recommender to develop an intelligent erestaurant for customer-centric service. This system enables waiters to immediately identify
customers via RFID-based membership cards and then actively recommend the most appropriate
menus through menu recommender for customers. Experimental results that are obtained from a
case study conducted in two Taipei restaurants indicate that the proposed system has practical
potential in providing customer-centric service.
challenging aspects for many applications in AmI environments is location and orientation of the
surrounding objects.
This is especially important for effective cooperation among mobile physical objects in
such smart environments. In this paper, we propose a robust indoor positioning system that
provides 2-D positioning and orientation information for mobile objects. The system utilizes
low-range passive radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The proposed system,
which consists of RFID carpets and several peripherals for sensor data interpretation, is
implemented and tested through extensive experiments. Our results show that the proposed
system outperforms similar existing systems in minimizing the average positioning error.
calibration for the user gait. The integrated INS+RFID methodology eliminates the typical drift
of IMU-alone solutions (approximately 1% of the total traveled distance), resulting in typical
positioning errors along the walking path (no matter its length) of approximately 1.5 m.
commercial off-the-shelf approach provides significant advantages over custom HF RFID and
other near-field RFID approaches, including reduced tag costs, minimal infrastructure costs, and
simple operation. In order to achieve accurate location sensing of objects sitting on the shelf, we
utilize a novel localization algorithm that utilizes detected changes in a tag's readability to infer
the presence of neighboring tags.
According to our experimentation results, with a single RFID reader antenna for two
wooden shelves of size 91 cm 152 cm, our smart-shelf system estimates nine box-level object
locations with an average error of just 18.48 cm, which is a 71% improvement in accuracy
compared with the previously published k nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm.
memory of RFID tags. It was revealed by simulations and experiments that we could determine
the number of missing RFID tags up to 10 with accuracy over 99% when we write 96 bits of the
checksum data to 20 RFID tags. The whole duration of group decoding measured in the
experiment was approximately 2 to 3 s. The time to compute group encoding and decoding was
in the order of several milliseconds and thus negligible.
The RFID inventory accounts for the majority of the duration. Note to PractitionersCurrent RFID features fast identification of many physical objects. However, the integrity check
of a group of objects is usually done by looking up a packaging list or a shipment list in EDI,
which requires a network connection. Our proposed group coding of RFID tags can perform
the group integrity check without a network connection. In addition, when the integrity of the
group is infringed, the group coding can determine the number of RFID tags missing from the
group. These features of group coding can reduce the cost of looking up shipment lists and locate
missing RFID tags. The accuracy of the determination is controlled by adjusting the size of data
written in each RFID tag. Adopters of group coding can select the optimal performance of group
coding from the requirements of the accuracy and constraints like memory consumption of RFID
tags.
seamless navigations. The estimation of the vehicle position and its accuracy are also
investigated.
In fact, existing case studies showthatRTLS can improve service quality and safety, and
optimize emergency management and time critical processes. In this paper, we propose a robust
system for position and orientation determination of equipment. Our system utilizes passive
(RFID) technology mounted on flooring plates and several peripherals for sensor data
interpretation. The system is implemented and tested through extensive experiments. The results
show that our systems average positioning and orientation measurement outperforms existing
systems in terms of accuracy. The details of the system as well as the experimental results are
presented in this paper.
mainstream models. This paper analyzes the internet system structure of things based on RFID,
elaborates on the limitations of RFID technology to the things security threats, and analyzes
RFID-based things that should meet the security demand and the corresponding security policies.
Having a system that can automatically capture student's attendance by flashing their
student card at the RFID reader can really save all the mentioned troubles. This is the main
motive of our system and in addition having an online system accessible anywhere and anytime
can greatly help the lecturers to keep track of their students' attendance. Looking at a bigger
picture, deploying the system throughout the academic faculty will benefit the academic
management as students' attendance to classes is one of the key factor in improving the quality of
teaching and monitoring their students' performance. Besides, this system provides valuable
online facilities for easy record maintenance offered not only to lecturers but also to related
academic management staffs especially for the purpose of students' progress monitoring.
Objectives of the research are to realize essential tests and necessary analyses that are required
for the proper design of the newly created gun management system for the Police of the Czech
Republic. Current tasks lie in the analysis of the processes that will be automated and in the
definition of the optimal parameters of the UHF transponder, its location and the method of
attachment to the body of the gun. Major benefits of the solution Elimination of errors resulting
from wrong identification of the gun.
Reducing the cost of administration associated with registering and evaluating- the use of
a weapon. Contactless identification of a handgun without direct visibility (in the case, in
baggage, etc.). Possibility of multiple gun batch identification. Simple access to reports about
the history of use of identified guns.
scheme that addresses such constraints. Our approach generated outstanding results in terms of
cost-efficiency when compared to other WSN/RFID integrated architectures.
such as safety check in public activities, access control in uptown and work attendance check.
There is a very important practical value.
are optimized. A real scenario that exploits the capabilities of the system is described and used to
gather results that demonstrate how this localization mechanism enhances the experience of users
in smart buildings through a set of services.