PCs CORBEL

Version EN-4/2009
Replaces brochure 5/2006

PCs CORBEL

Benefits of Peikko PCs corbel

The corbel is installed after casting the columns mould remains solid
Corbels position can be adjusted both in vertical and horizontal directions
after casting
Easy and fast beam installation; no additional installation parts
Corbel design allows length tolerance for the beam
Small size: ts into low beams and slabs, suitable for demanding
architectural constructions
No need for additional re protection
Several sizes unique for heavy loads: PCs 15
Peikko benefits

reliable: passed demanding test

program

competitive price and delivery

time

economical and easy to use in

designing, manufacturing and
installation of the elements

CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM .......................4
2. DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS ......................4
2.1 The column part and the corbel parts

2.2 Beams

3. MANUFACTURING ........................................ 11
3.1 Manufacturing method

11

3.2 Manufacturing tolerances

11

3.3 Quality control

11

4. CAPACITIES .................................................. 11
5. APPLICATION ................................................13
5.1 Limitations for application

13

5.2 Design principles

13

5.2.1 Requirements of the concrete and correction factors for capacities

5.2.2 Minimum edge distances and minimum sizes of the bearing structures
5.2.3 Bending moment to the column
5.2.4 Torsion
5.2.5 Additional reinforcement and things to be marked on drawings
5.2.6 Fire protection and environmental classes

13
14
15
16
19
29

6. INSTALLATION ..............................................29
6.1 Installation to the mould

29

6.2 Installation of the corbel parts and installation tolerances

29

6.3 Beam installation and installation tolerances

30

6.4 Grouting of the joint

31

7. INSTALLATION CONTROL ..............................31

7.1 Mould installation control of the parts

31

7.2 Installation control of the corbel parts

31

7.3 Installation control of the beam

31

8. PROCEDURES IF TOLERANCES ARE

EXCEEDED ...................................................31

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
1. DESCRIPTION OF
THE SYSTEM

2. DIMENSIONS AND
MATERIALS

The Peikko PCs corbel system is designed to

support steel, composite and reinforced concrete
beams to reinforced concrete columns and walls.

Materials:

This brochure introduces the corbel system in use

with steel and composite beams. The use of PCs
corbel system with reinforced and prestressed concrete beams is described in Peikkos brochure PC
Beam shoe.
Connection consists of:
A column part and corbel parts
A slot connection in the beam end plate
The column part is installed together with the reinforcement to the columns mould.
The corbel parts (a corbel plate, washers and bolts)
are attached to the column in the pre-cast factory
after casting.

Plates

S355J2+N

SFS-EN 10025:2004

S355J0

SFS-EN 10025:2004

Ribbed bars

A500HW/BSt500S SFS 1215

Bolts

property class 10.9 ISO 4014, DIN 931

Washers

property class 10.9 ISO 7416, DIN 6916

2.1 The column part and the

corbel parts
Colum part and the corbel parts are delivered together. PCs corbel system has standardized parts
for various load classes.

A slot for the corbel is made to the end plate and to

the bottom plate of a steel or composite beam.
The beam is installed on the corbel by lowering the
beam so that the slot on the beams end will t the
corbel.
The joint between the column and the beam is casted at the same time with joints between hollow
core slabs. At the same time the whole
beam (Deltabeam) or at least the
end part of the beam (WQ-beam)
is lled with concrete.

Models:
PCs for middle oors in multi-storey
columns
PCs UP for one storey columns and
top oors of multi-storey columns
PCs LOCK for cases with negative
support reactions

Figure 1. PCs UP corbel system with Deltabeam (left)

and PCs corbel system with Deltabeam (above).

PCs corbel system has various models for each

load class (* = Except PCs 15: no UP-models):
basic model (for example PCs 3)
two-sided basic model (for example PCs 3-2)
UP-model* (for example PCs 3 UP)
two sided UP-model* (for example PCs 3-2 UP)

All models are also available with the LOCK-option

for the cases with negative support reaction from
the beam.

Table 1. Dimensions [mm], weights [kg] and colour codes of the column part and the corbel parts

H3

H3

t1

t1

H1

H2

H1

H1
H2

t1

H3

d3

H2

d3

d3

L1

B1

L3

H3

B2

B2

L3

B1

L1

B2

PCs 2

PCs 3

PCs 5

PCs 7

PCs 10

PCs 15

H1

155

155

205

225

280

280

L1

76

92

112

112

117

122

B1

60

80

90

110

145

220

t1

45

55

65

65

65

75

M30 x 140

M30 x 150

M30 x 150

bolts

M16 x 90 M24 x 115 M30 x 140

L1

H3

L3

H3

B1

27,5

40

55

62

50

58

H2

210

235

315

350

380

380

H3

397

386

430

423

578

578

L3

125

140

150

145

160

260

B2

116

135

150

212

222

282

d3

16

20

25

32

32

32

weight

12.8

21.9

38.0

58.4

85.0

127.5

colour

red

grey

yellow

green

blue

black

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Table 2. Dimensions [mm], weights [kg] and colour codes of the UP-model column part and the corbel parts. Load class
PCs15 is not available as UP-model

t1

H1

H2

L4

B1

H1

H2

t1

L1
H3

H3

B1
d3

L1

d3

B2

L4

B2

PCs 2 UP

PCs 3 UP

PCs 5 UP

PCs 7 UP

PCs 10 UP

H1

155

155

205

225

280

L1

76

92

112

112

117

B1

60

80

90

110

145

t1

45

55

65

65

65

bolts

M16 x 90

M24 x 115

M30 x 140

M30 x 140

M30 x 150

27,5

40

55

62

50

H2

210

235

315

350

380

H3

397

386

430

423

578

L4

125

200

250

210

260

B2

116

135

150

212

222

d3

16

20

25

32

32

weight

12.2

21.5

37.3

57.3

84.5

colour

red

grey

yellow

green

blue

Table 3. Product codes for two-sided corbels.

length

square column

Forming the product code

load class of the corbel
two-sided
side length of the
column

PCs 3-2 H[length]

e.g. PCs 5-2 H280
m.

round column

ia
d

load class of the corbel

two-sided
diameter of the
column

PCs 3-2 d[diameter]

e.g. PCs 5-2 d280

Peikko calculates the distance of the corbel plates

load class of the corbel
two-sided
side length of the column

round column

square column

length

PCs 3-2 H[length] UP

UP-model

e.g. PCs 5-2 H280 UP

m
dia

load class of the corbel diameter of the column

two-sided

PCs 3-2 d[diameter] UP

UP-model

e.g. PCs 5-2 d280 UP

Peikko calculates the distance of the corbel plates

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Table 4. Dimensions [mm] and colour codes for LOCK-models.

100

H6

H1

thread

Length L must be dened

in product code. See table 5.
L1

E.g. PCs 3 LOCK 260

B1

PCs 2 LOCK

PCs 3 LOCK

PCs 5 LOCK

PCs 7 LOCK

PCs 10 LOCK

PCs 15 LOCK

H1

155

155

205

225

280

280

L1

76

92

112

112

117

122

B1

60

80

90

110

145

220

thread

M16

M22

M22

M22

M27

M27

H6

31

39

39

39

50

50

colour

red

grey

yellow

green

blue

black

Table 5. Forming the product code for the corbel.

280

load class

d=

double-sided corbel (-2)

340

square or round column (H or d)

diameter / side length of the
column

PCs 5-2 d280 UP

LOCK 290 LOCK 350

model suitable for

columns top end (UP)

model for negative support reaction (LOCK) and length of

the thread
Parts of product code marked with blue, red and green are independent
from one another. Double-sided corbel is indicated with -2 followed by
the diameter or side length of the column. The letter in front of the dimension is H for rectangular column and d for circular column. If more
than one LOCK-corbel part is needed (double-sided corbel), each is marked
separately.
E.g. PCs 3-2 d280 UP LOCK 340 pictured on the left
8

2.2 Beams
Deltabeams
Table 6. The suitability of the corbels with different Deltabeam sizes when the bottom edge of the corbel is at the same
level as the under side of the slab. Application range is the same with LOCK-corbel. When there is a need to have corbel
at a higher level inside the beam (for example to achieve better fire resistance) measure H3 on beams end plate need to
be checked. H3 must be at least the value shown in table 7.

Top surface of Deltabeams ange

= corbel plates bottom surface
= slabs bottom surface

Corbels centerline
= centerline of
beams top plate

H3

H3

D-beam
Deltabeam
height range

D50, D60
DR50, DR60

D37, D40
DR37, DR40

D30, D32
DR30, DR32

DR-beam
D26
DR26

D20, D22, D25

DR20, DR22, DR25

konsoli
PCs 2
PCs 2 UP

corbel application
range

PCs 3
PCs 3 UP

corbel application
range

PCs 5
PCs 5 UP

corbel application
range

PCs 7
PCs 7 UP

corbel application
range

PCs 10
PCs 10 UP

corbel application
range

PCs 15

corbel application
range

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
WQ-beams
Table 7. The suitability of the diferent corbel size classes and the measurements of the slot with WQ-beam when the
bottom edge of the corbel is at the same level as the under side of the slab. When there is a need to have corbel at a
higher level inside the beam (for example to achieve better fire resistance) measure H3 on beams end plate need to be
checked. H3 must be at least the value shown in the table.

H3

60 casting hole

40

(not in LOCK-model)

Top surface of WQ-beams

bottom ange
= corbel plates bottom
surface
= slabs bottom surface

H2

H1

B2
B1
corbel
PCs 2
PCs 2 UP

PCs 3
PCs 3 UP

PCs 5
PCs 5 UP

PCs 7
PCs 7 UP

PCs 10
PCs 10 UP

PCs 15

B1

95

115

125

145

190

260

70

80

95

95

100

105

15

20

25

25

25

25

H1

155

155

205

225

280

280

H2

123.5

113.5

158

168

204.75

167.5

H3 min

45

45

50

60

70

80

B2

631

831

942

1142

150.53

225.53

31.5

41.5

47

57

75.25

112.5

WQ-beam

bottom ange:

end plate:

WQ 200

corbel application range

WQ 265

corbel application range

WQ 320

corbel application range

WQ 400

corbel application range

Table 8. Additional holes needed for WQ-beams top plate when using LOCK-corbel. Link in the bottom and end plate
same as in table 7.
PCs 2
LOCK

PCs 3
LOCK

PCs 5
LOCK

PCs 7
LOCK

PCs 10
LOCK

PCs 15
LOCK

35

40

40

40

45

50

60

70

85

85

90

95

15

20

25

35

50

85

B
A
C
C
A

Centerline of the corbel link at the end plate

10

3. MANUFACTURING

Concrete strength grades of the column is C30/37

(Eurocode 2) in capacity calculations.

3.1 Manufacturing method

Table 9. Capacities

Plates

Flame and mechanical

cutting

Ribbed bars

Mechanical cutting

T
Mechanical machining

Column part:

Corbel parts:

depth and width

total height
width, height
and thickness

PCs 15

3.2 Manufacturing
tolerances

PCs 10
PCs 10 UP

C (SFS-EN 25817)

PCs 7
PCs 7 UP

Welding class

PCs 5
PCs 5 UP

MAG by hand or with a

robot
PCs 3
PCs 3 UP

Welding

PCs 2
PCs 2 UP

Inner threads,
saw teeth, holes

accoring to EC (without NAD):

3
10

3.3 Quality control

The quality control involved in producing the steel
parts conforms to the requirements set by the Finnish Building Code. Peikko Finland Oy is under the
Inspecta for quality control. PCs corbel system has
certied product declarations conrmed by the Concrete Association of Finland.
Products are marked with the certication mark
of Inspecta, the emblem of Peikko Group, the
type of the product and year and the week of
manufacturing.

4. CAPACITIES
The capacities are calculated according to Eurocodes. Capacities are presented in table 9. Assembling tolerances have been taken into account in the
capacities. The interaction of shear force and torsion
has to be checked from the gure 3 (p. 12).
The tension capacity is 20 % of the shear capacity. A displacement parallel to a longitudinal axis of
the beam usually happens before the full tension
capacity is reached (the beam moves towards the
washer). This is to prevent beam falling down in the
case of accidents.

VRd [kN]

230

385

580

785

1010

1500

TRd
[kNm]

15

25

50

75

190

HRd [kN]

45

75

115

155

200

300

The capacities are the same when using the LOCKcorbel. LOCK-model adds the ability to take forces
that are directed upwards. This kind of scenario may
occur with continuous beams or with gerber-connection. The negative support reaction to the corbel
may be present during installation or in nal stage.
The LOCK-corbels capacity for the negative support
reaction is the same with all models, see gure 2.
Capacity of the LOCK-corbel
According to Eurocode
Capacities under
re are presented
in chapter 5.2.6. The
designer has to ensure, that the loads
during re situation
wont exceed the
capacities.

VRd, neg = 80 kN
Vneg

Figure 2. LOCK-corbels
capacity for negative support reaction.
Torsion capacity, tension and positive shear
capacity (downwards)
for LOCK are the same
with basic model.

11

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Figure 3. The interaction curves for shear force and torsion capacities.

Torsion capacity Vud [kNm]

200
195
190
185
180
175
170
165
160
155
150
145
140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

PCs 15
PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP
PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP
PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP
PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP
PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP

PCs 15

PCs 10

PCs 7
PCs 5
PCs 2

100

200

PCs 3

300

400

500

600

700

800

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

Shear capacity Vud [kN]

12

5. APPLICATION

E.g.

This brochure of Peikko PCs corbel system introduces the connection of steel and composite
beams to prefabricated or in-situ casted concrete
columns and walls.

5.1 Limitations for

application
The capacities of the corbel system have been calculated for static loads. In the case of dynamic and
fatigue loads greater safety factors have to be considered individually for each case.
When the usage conditions are below -20C the
use of steel with better impact ductility has to be
considered.

5.2 Design principles

5.2.1 Requirements of the
concrete and correction factors for
capacities
The concrete strength grade of the column is
C30/37 (Eurocode 2) in capacity calculations. Lower
concrete strength grades have to be taken into consideration according to the table 10.
Shear load Vd on the connection
When there is only a shear load Vd on the connection the capacity value presented in table 9 (p. 11)
has to be multiplied by the value presented in table
10. The designed shear load must be smaller than
the reduced capacity value.

The concrete strength of the column is

C25/30. The design value of the shear
force is Vd = 270 kN.
The capacity of the PCs 3 is:
VRd,red = 0.88 x 350 kN = 308 kN.
VRd,red > Vd so PCs 3 is suitable for the
connection.

Shear load Vd and torsion Td on the connection

The interaction of shear load Vd and torsion Td has
to be checked according the gure 3. The designed
loads are divided by the value presented in table
10. The intersection point of increased load values
must be inside the capacity curve.
E.g.

The concrete strength of the column is

C25/30. The design value of the shear
force is Vd = 287 kN and the design value
of the torsion is Td = 12 kNm.
These values have to be divided by the
factor from table 10.
Vd,incr = 287/0.88 = 326 kN and
Td,incr = 12/0.88 = 14 kNm.
The intersection point of these values is
inside the capacity curve of PCs 5, so
PCs 5 is suitable for the connection.

Table 10. Correction factors

according to Eurocode
C20/25

C25/30

0.76

0.88

13

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
5.2.2 Minimum edge distances
and minimum sizes of the bearing
structures
Column parts have been designed to be installed in
to the middle of the columns side. The minimum
edge distance must be at least the same as presented in tables 11 and 12, also in the case when
the column part is placed eccentrically.

mum distance from top of the column for UP-model

is presented in gures 8 and 9 (p. 24-25).
The designer must check the capacity of the column and that the corbel fits into the column with
the main reinforcement and other steel parts.
Anchoring of the main reinforcement of the
column has to be taken care of when using the
UP model. AutoCad blocks available on Peikkos
home page will help with this work.

Standard column part can be used in all sides of

the column at the same level. The minimum column
sizes depend on the dimensions of the column part
and also on the anchoring of the column part, different cases are presented in tables 11 and 12. Mini-

b min

Table 11. The minimum column and wall sizes [mm] when using standard parts.

H min

b min

d min

H min

b min

d min

d min

emin

H min

bmin
14

Hmin / bmin

dmin

PCs 2

280 / 280

280

PCs 3

280 / 280

280

PCs 5

280 / 280

280

PCs 7

380 / 380

380

PCs 10

380 / 380

380

PCs 15

380 / 450

450

PCs 2

280 / 280

290

PCs 3

290 / 280

320

PCs 5

310 / 310

340

PCs 7

380 / 380

380

PCs 10

380 / 380

385

PCs 15

530 / 450

560

PCs 2

310 / 310

350

PCs 3

360 / 360

380

PCs 5

380 / 380

400

PCs 7

480 / 480

500

PCs 10

480 / 480

520

PCs 15

790 / 790

830

bmin

emin

PCs 2

200

140

PCs 3

200

140

PCs 5

200

140

PCs 7

200

175

PCs 10

220

175

b min

Table 12. The minimum column sizes [mm] when using standard UP models.

H min

b min

d min

d min

b min

H min

H min

d min

Double sided corbels can be used for example in

the case where standard parts will not t inside the
column. These are manufactured according to the
customers needs.

Hmin / bmin

dmin

PCs 2 UP

280 / 280

280

PCs 3 UP

280 / 280

280

PCs 5 UP

300 / 280

280

PCs 7 UP

380 / 380

380

PCs 10 UP

380 / 380

380

PCs 2 UP

280 / 280

290

PCs 3 UP

410 / 280

430

PCs 5 UP

510 / 310

520

PCs 7 UP

430 / 380

470

PCs 10 UP

530 / 380

560

PCs 2 UP

310 / 310

350

PCs 3 UP

480 / 480

490

PCs 5 UP

580 / 580

590

PCs 7 UP

580 / 580

600

PCs 10 UP

700 / 700

720

Table 13. The eccentricity of the vertical support reaction

of the beam. Value e presents the farthest point from
the surface of the column where shear from the beam
can be.

Vd

Also three- or four-sided corbels can be made on

order. Peikkos technical support will assist in these
cases.

5.2.3 Bending moment to the

column
Moment caused by the vertical support reaction of
the beam
The moment of the column caused by the vertical
support reaction of the beam can be calculated with
the values shown in table 13.

Mxd = Vd (B/2 + e)
e [mm]
PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP

43

PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP

48

PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP

56

PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP

56

PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP

56

PCs 15

56

www.peikko.com

15

PCs CORBEL
Moment caused by the bending of the beam
The additional moment caused by the bending of
the beam is presented in table 14. This value has to
be added to the moment of the column. This value
has been dened to be equal with the moment
capacity of the corbel. True value of the additional
moment depends on how much the column and
the beam bend under the loads added after casting
the joints. The values of the additional moment has
been calculated so that the distance between the
bottom edge of the corbel and the under side of the
beam is 10 mm at most. If the distance is greater,
the additional moment will be bigger. In this case
contact Peikkos technical support.

5.2.4.1 Erection situation

Torsion exists in beam when e.g.:
1.

slabs are erected rst only to the other side of

the beam, and the beam is unsupported
2. span or weight of slabs are not equal on
the both sides of the beam and the beam is
unsupported
3. there are openings in the oor and the beam is
unsupported

Table 14. The additional moment to the column.

Mxd [kNm]
PCs 2
PCs 2 UP

13

PCs 3
PCs 3 UP

16

PCs 5
PCs 5 UP

40

PCs 7
PCs 7 UP

42

PCs 10
PCs 10 UP

85

PCs 15

122

Moment caused by the torsion of the beam

The torsion of the beam Td causes the moment Myd
to the column. The value of the moment: Myd = Td.
It can never be more than torsion capacity of the
corbel.

5.2.4 Torsion
PCs corbels are designed to transfer shear force
and torsion from steel and composite steel beam
to the column. The interaction of shear force and
torsion has to be checked according to gure 3 (p.
12). The interaction during erection and in the nal
construction have to be checked.
Other things that have to be checked in addition to
the capacity of the corbel:
1.

The capacity of the column against the bending moment caused by beams torsion
2. Does torsion cause too big deection to the
column
3. The capacity of the beam against torsion
4. Does torsion cause too big rotation to the
beam
16

When all slabs are erected, torsion can:

1. be non-existing (=symmetric slabs on both
sides of the beam)
2. be reduced (=asymmetric setup of slabs in the
beams sides)
3. remain (= there are no slabs on the other side
of the beam = an edge beam)
The largest torsion during erection time has to be
checked. Often this exists when the slabs are erected rst only to the one side of the beam.
The interaction of torsion during erection Td,er and
support reaction during erection Vd,er has to be
checked according to gure 3 (p. 12).
Td,er = Fd,er,1 x e1
Vd,er = Fd,er,1 + Fd,beam

Td,er
Fd,er1

e1

Fd,er,1 = designed support reaction of the slabs

own weight and live load during erection
on the end of the beam
e1
= eccentricity of the support reaction
(=the distance of the slabs support
reaction from the centre line of the corbel)
Fd,beam= designed support reaction of the beams
own weight

5.2.4.1.1 Example 1 (All examples are made with

using safety factors according to Finnish national
building code: 0.9 or 1.2 for self-weights and 1.6 for
live loads)
Longer slabs are erected rst on the one side of the
beam, and beams are unsupported during erection.
gk,beam = 4 kN/m

4000

Fd,er,1
e1
Td,er
Vd,er

7000

/m 2
kN kN/m
8
.
.5
=3
gk er = 0
,
k
q

5.2.4.2 Final construction

Torsion present in the nal construction is dependent on the situation during the cast of the slabs
joints and loads after the casting.
Torsion during joint casting can be eliminated by
supporting the beams during the operation.
After casting the joints of slabs, the torsion to the
corbel caused by the live loads depend on the cooperation of the beam and slabs. A good co-operation can be achieved by reinforcing the joints. The
reinforcement has to be anchored both into the
beam and the join of slabs.
Td

Td

8000

= 7x0.5x8x0.5x(1.2x3.8+1.6x0.5) = 75.0 kN
= 275 mm
= 75.0 x 0.275 = 20.6 kNm
= 75.0 + 1.2x4x7x0.5 = 91.8 kN

From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 5 is

suitable.

MIDDLE BEAM

EDGE BEAM

Bending or creeping of the slabs will not cause torsion to the corbel because of the deformation ability
of the corbel connection.
5.2.4.2.1 Beam and slabs with good co-operation

5.2.4.1.2 Example 2
Shorter slabs are erected rst on the one side
of the beam, and beams are unsupported during
erection.
gk,beam = 4 kN/m
2

7000

N/m /m
.8 k .5 kN
3
=
gk er = 0
k
q ,

When the reinforcement in the join is able to transfer tensile forces caused by torsion of live load,
torsion to the corbel doesnt increase after casting
the joints. The interaction of torsion in the end of
the erection Td,er.nal and designed support reaction
of the nal construction Vd has to be checked. See
example 3.
Td,er.nal = Fd,er.nal,1 x e1 - Fd,er.nal,2 x e2
Vd = Fd,1 + Fd,2 + Fd,beam
Td,er.nal

4000

Fd,er,1
e1
Td,er
Vd,er

8000

= 7x0.5x4x0.5x(1.2x3.8+1.6x0.5) = 37.5 kN
= 275 mm
= 37.5 x 0.275 = 10.3 kNm
= 37.5 + 1.2x4x7x0.5 = 54.3 kN

From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 3 is

suitable.
If the capacity of the corbel is exceeded, it is possible to:

Fd,er.nal,2

select bigger corbel with sufcient capacity

design the slabs erection order so that torsion
will reduce (-> an erection plan for the slabs)
support beams during the slabs erection
(-> a support plan for the beams)

Fd,er.nal,1

e2

Fd,er,nal,1 or 2
e1 or 2
Fd,1 or 2
Fd,beam

e1

= designed support reaction of selfweight of slabs on the end of the

beam
= eccentricity of the support
reaction
= designed support reaction of
the slabs on the end of the beam
of the nal construction
= designed support reaction of the
self-weight of the beam

17

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
5.2.4.2.2 Beams and slabs with poor co-operation
The co-operation with the slabs and beams is poor,
when the reinforcement in the join is not able to
transfer the tensile force caused by torsion of live
load. First, the sum of torsion at the end of erection
Td,er.nal and torsion of live load Td,add must be calculated. Then the interaction of the sum and designed
support reaction of the nal construction Vd has to
be checked. See example 4.
Td,er.nal + Td,add = Fd,er.nal,1 x e1 - Fd,er.nal,2 x e2 + Fd,add,1
x e1 - Fd,add,2 x e2
Td,er.nal
Td,add

Fd,er.nal,2
Fd,add,2

Fd,er.nal,1
Fd,add,1

e2

Fd,er.nal,1 or 2
e1 or 2
Fd, add,1 or 2
Fd,1 or 2
Fd,beam

Designed support reaction of the beam in the case

of torsion:
Vd = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x
2.5) + 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x (0.9 x 3.8 + 1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x
2.5)+1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 = 223.9 kN
The biggest designed support reaction of the beam
in nal construction:
Vdmax = 7 x 0.5 x (8 x 0.5+4 x 0.5) x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x
1.4+1.6 x 2.5) + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 = 231.8 kN
From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 5
is suitable to transfer forces Vd and Td,er.nal to the
column.
5.2.4.2.4 Example 4. (Beam and slabs with poor cooperation)

e1

= designed support reaction of selfweight of slabs on the end of the

beam
= eccentricity of the support reaction
= designed support reaction of the
slabs of live load after erection on
the end of the beam
= designed support reaction of
the slabs on the end of the beam
of the nal construction
= designed support reaction of the
self-weight of the beam

In this case beams are not supported during erection. Torsion is caused by the length difference of
the slabs. Safety factors for loads are selected
so that the worst case will be checked. The same
safety factors are used when calculating designed
support reaction of the beam. Torsion from the live
load exists in the case of beam and slabs with poor
co-operation and thats why live load is calculated
only on one side of the beam.
gk,beam = 4 kN/m

5.2.4.2.3 Example 3. (Beam and slabs with good cooperation)

In this case beams are not supported during erection. Torsion is caused by the length difference of the
slabs. Safety factors for loads are selected so that
the worst case will be checked. The same safety
factors are used when calculating designed support
reaction of the beam. Torsion from the live load do
not exist in the case of beam and slabs with good
co-operation and thats why live load is calculated
fully to both sides of the beam.

18

4000

2
/m
kN N/m2
8
.
k
.5
=3
gk er = 0 kN/m2
,
.
qk = 1 4 kN/m
k
g1 = 2.5
qk

8000

8000

Fd,er.nal,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 3.8 = 63.8 kN

Fd,er.nal,2 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 3.8 = 23.9 kN
e1 = e2 = 275 mm
Td,er.nal = 63.8 x 0.275 23.9 x 0.275 = 11.0 kNm
After erection of slabs more support reactions will
exist:

7000

gk,beam = 4 kN/m

4000

2
/m
kN N/m2
8
.
.5 k
=3
gk er = 0 kN/m2
qk, = 1.4 kN/m
k
g1 = 2.5
qk

7000

Vd = Fd,1 + Fd,2 + Fd,beam

Fd,er.nal,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x 1.2 x 3.8 = 63.8 kN

Fd,er.nal,2 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 3.8 = 23.9 kN
e1 = e2 = 275 mm
Td,er.nal = 63.8 x 0.275 23.9 x 0.275 = 11.0 kNm

Fd,add,1 = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x (1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x 2.5)

= 79.5 kN
Fd,add,2 = 7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x 0.9 x 1.4 = 8.8 kN
Td.add = 79.5 x 0.275-8.8 x 0.275 = 19.4 kNm
Total torsion: Td = Td,er.nal + Td,add = 30.4 kNm

Designed support reaction of the beam in the case

of total torsion:

Figure 5. Dimensions needed for manufacturing of

LOCK-corbel. Length of the thread is 100 mm. Length L
is given in the product code.
H6

100

Vd = 7 x 0.5 x 8 x 0.5 x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x 1.4+1.6 x

2.5)+7 x 0.5 x 4 x 0.5 x (0.9 x 3.8+0.9 x 1.4)+1.2 x
4 x 7 x 0.5 = 193.0 kN

L=

The biggest designed support reaction of the

beam in nal construction:
Vdmax = 7 x 0.5 x (8 x 0.5+4 x 0.5) x (1.2 x 3.8+1.2 x
1.4+1.6 x 2.5) + 1.2 x 4 x 7 x 0.5 = 231.8 kN
From the capacity curve we can see that PCs 7 is
suitable to transfer forces Vd and Td to the column.

5.2.5 Additional reinforcement and

things to be marked on drawings
Things to be marked on the drawing of the column:
The size class of the corbel
Thread bars length when using LOCK-model
(also in the product code)
The horizontal location of the corbel in relation
to the centerline of the column
The height level of the parts from the bottom of
the column (the under side of the column part
plate and the under side of the corbel plate)
The additional reinforcement of the column

Thread bars have to be long enough so that nuts

can be tightened all the way to the thread.
The use of LOCK-corbel will not affect the needed
reinforcement presented in gures 6 - 10.

Figure 4. Things to be marked on the drawing. Required additional reinforcement and also location of corbel in all directions has to be shown in the drawing.

L=

corbel plates bottom edge

e.g.
PCs 3

column parts plates bottom edge

product code
e.g. PCs 3 UP

column parts platess b.e.

corbel plates bottom edge

When installing corbel

parts after casting

corbel plates b.e.

column parts platess bottom edge

column parts platess b.e.

When installing
column parts
before casting

TO BE MARKED TO THE ELEMENT DRAWING:

corbel platess b.e.

MEASUREMENTS NEEDED AT FACTORY:

19

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Figures 6a - 6e. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbels basic model
Figure 6a. PCs 2 and PCs 3

2T10

3T10

2T10

2 2T10

210

3 2T10
B-50

75

4T 10, L1500

D-80
1

D-120

100

100

100

D-130
2

4T 10, L1400

100

D-80

100

B-110
2

4T 10, L1400

100

B-90

100

3 2T10

B-50

100

B-50

230

75

B-50

PCs 2 27,5
PCs 3 40

1 2T10

75

1 2T10

4T 10, L1500

T = A500HW

T = A500HW

Figure 6d. PCs 10

3 3T10

140

75

PCs 7

1 2T10

1 2T10

2 4+4T10

3+3T10
1 2T10

3T10

50

6 T10, L1500

D-160

6 T10, L1500
T = A500HW

B
3

D-60

100

100

6 T10, L1500

160

150

D-160

20

B-110

D-60

100

100

B-110

6 T10, L1500

3T10

160

150
2

B-50

B-50
1

B-50

320

320

75

62

1 2T10

75

3 B-50

PCs 10

75

3T10

140

Figure 6c. PCs 7

PCs 5

55

75

PCs 2
PCs 3

100

3 2T10

100

2T10

Figure 6b. PCs 5

D
T = A500HW

Figure 6e. PCs 15

140

PCs 15

75

3 3T10

1 2T10
2 5+5T10

140

58

1 4T10

B-50

3 3T10

350

B-50
230

100

B-160

B
3
1

230

D-60

100

D-230

6 T10 L1500

D
T = A500HW

In the figure is PCs 5 -corbel with required additional

reinforcement and imagined main reinforcement of the
column.

21

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Figures 7a - 7e. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbels double-sided basic model

2T10

PCs 5-2

PCs 2-2
PCs 3-2

2T10

PCs 2

2T10

B-50

1 2T10

B-50

230

210

PCs 3 40

27,5

55

100

Figure 7b. PCs 5-2

100

Figure 7a. PCs 2-2 and PCs 3-2

B
T = A500HW

T = A500HW

Figure 7c. PCs 7-2

Figure 7d. PCs 10-2

140

PCs 10-2

PCs 7-2

62

50

3T10

140

1 3T10
1

1
1

3T10
1

320
T = A500HW

22

B-50

320

B-50

3T10

B
T = A500HW

Figure 7e. PCs 15-2

PCs 15-2

140

3 3T10

4T10

3T10

3
230

350

3T10

B-160
2

B-50

230

58

140

B-50
B

In the figure is PCs 5-2

with required additional reinforcement and imagined
main reinforcement of the
column.

23

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Figures 8a - 8d. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbels UP model
Figure 8a. PCs 2 UP and PCs 3 UP

Figure 8b. PCs 5 UP

PCs 2 UP
PCs 3 UP
min 335

75

2 2T10

2T10

3T10

55

75

PCs 2 27,5
PCs 3 40

4 2T10

2T10

2 3

6T 10

6T 10

500

230

500

210

210

190

100

2 3

100

210

2 3
1

6T 10

T = A500HW

500

6T 10

500

190

100

100

3 2T10

75

horizontal part
of the stirrup

min 415

horizontal part
of the stirrup

75

PCs 5 UP
1

T = A500HW

Figure 8c. PCs 7 UP

Figure 8d. PCs 10 UP

PCs 10 UP

PCs 7 UP

2 4T10

3 3T10

50

62

3 3T10

75

75
4

min 480

horizontal part
of the stirrup

min 450

2 3T10

75

75

horizontal part
of the stirrup

3T10

4 3T10

2 3

300

160

280

150

2 3

8T 12

2 3

6T 16

T = A500HW

8T 12

300

160

D
T = A500HW

6T 16

800

600

280

150

2 3

24

320

600

320

800

Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbels double-sided UP model

Figure 9a. PCs 2-2 UP and PCs 3-2 UP

Figure 9b. PCs 5-2 UP

PCs 2-2 UP
PCs 3-2 UP

min
2 2T10

2T10

100

210

230

100

2T10

PCs 3 40

PCs 2 27,5

75

75

55

2T10

415

1 3T10

min 335

1 2T10
2

PCs 5-2 UP

T = A500HW
T = A500HW

Figure 9c. PCs 7-2 UP

Figure 9d. PCs 10-2 UP

PCs 10-2 UP

3T10

min 480

min 450

PCs 7-2 UP

4T10

2 3T10

75

75

50

62

2 3T10

3T10
3 3T10

2
1

160

150

320

320

T = A500HW

T = A500HW
25

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
The horizontal headed stud bars of the single sided
column part create a fracture cone which has to be
tied to the column with additional stirrups according
gures 6 and 8. These stirrups can not be replaced
with stirrups that are around the main reinforcement of the column and vice versa.
The additional stirrups for vertical headed stud bars
are placed to the bending area of the upper headed
studs and just below headed studs of the lower
headed stud bars.
The main stirrups which surround the main reinforcement of the column are placed under and above the
plate of the column part. Diagonal stirrups are used
when needed at the level of the column part plate.
When there are two single sided corbels at the
same level on opposite sides of the column there is
no need to double the additional stirrups.

26

The additional reinforcement for double sided corbels are presented in gures 7 and 9.
Things to be marked on the drawing of the wall:
The size class of the corbel
Thread bars length when using LOCK-model
(also in the product code)
The horizontal location of the corbel
The level of the parts from the bottom of the
wall (the under side of the column part plate
and the under side of the corbel plate)
The additional reinforcement of the wall
Design engineer has to check the capacity of the
wall.

Figures 10a - 10d. Additional reinforcement required by the PCs corbel when used in a wall.
Figure 10a. PCs 2 and PCs 3

2T10

100
3T10

PCs 2
PCs 3

2T10

1T10

3T10

2T10

2T10

75

T = A500HW

400

400

2T10

3
400

2T10

PCs 2 27,5
PCs 3 40

75
T = A500HW

PCs 5

1T10

2T10

400

75

55

2T10

75 100

Figure 10b. PCs 5

B-B

A-A

A-A

Figure 10c. PCs 7

PCs 7
B

1T10

3T12

3T12

2T10

PCs 10
B

2T12
2T12

75

50

62,5

75
3 3T10

T = A500HW

T = A500HW
3

2+2T12, L1400
400

400

400

2+2T12, L1400

3T12
400

2
2

3T12

3T10
3T10

75 140

A
75
140

B-B

Figure 10d. PCs 10

3T10

400

400

400

400

B-B

400

A-A

400

400

400

A-A

B-B
27

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
Things to be marked on the drawing of the steel or
composite beam:
The connection detail and the size class of the
corbel
The location of the slot in relation to the center
line of the beam
The level of the under side of the corbel in relation to the under side of the slabs
The length of the beam is chosen so that the space
between the beams closest point and surface of
rectangular column is 20 mm according to gure 11.
Then the tolerance for the beam length is +20 and
-14 mm in the connection.
The tolerance of the beam length is smaller with
connection to circle column. The length of the beam
is chosen so that the space between the beams
closest point and surface of circle column is 10 mm.
Then the tolerance for the beam length is 10 mm
in the connection.
The designer of the Deltabeam will take care of the
dimensioning and the shape of the end plate of the
beam. The Deltabeam designer has to be informed
about the level of the corbel in relation to under side
of slabs.

Table 15. The horizontal forces in the end plate with full
torsion capacity. If torsion is smaller, the forces can be
reduced with the relation of torsions. The torsion capacity is same with PCs UP-models.

Fd
Fd
Fd [kN]
PCs 2 / PCs 2 UP

70

PCs 3 / PCs 3 UP

110

PCs 5 / PCs 5 UP

145

PCs 7 / PCs 7 UP

265

PCs 10 / PCs 10 UP

610

PCs 15

1000

The end plate and all welds in WQ-beam must be

designed for the full capacity values of the PCs
corbel system.
Figure 12. The level of the corbel plate with narrow beams.
UNDER SIDE OF THE CORBEL
= UNDER SIDE OF THE SLAB

The manufacturer of a WQ beam has to design the

end plate of the WQ beam to t. The dimensions
of the end plate are presented in table 7 (p. 10).
Horizontal forces are caused to the end plate by
torsion.

Figure 11. Beam connection to column

JOINT IS GROUTED AT THE SAME
TIME WITH THE JOINS OF SLABS

20

20
TIGHTENED BOLTS

28

JOINT IS GROUTED AT THE

SAME TIME WITH THE JOINS
OF SLABS

10

TIGHTENED
BOLTS

With narrow beams it is recommended to put the

under side of the corbel on the same level as the
under side of the slab.

6. INSTALLATION

The under side of the corbel must be on a higher

level with deep beams so that the centre of gravity
of the beam is lower than the top side of the corbel.
The level of the under side of the corbel must be
marked on the drawing of the beam.

The parts are installed into the reinforcement in the

mould so that they will not be able to move during
casting.

5.2.6 Fire protection and

environmental classes
The capacities of the joint where the under side of
the corbel is without concrete cover and re protection are shown in table 16. It is assumed that 50 %
of the load in re situation is live load. The designer
must check that the design load in re situation is
not more than the capacities.
The interaction of torsion and shear force has to be
checked according to formula:
VT, TT =corbels shear force and

VT
TT 1 torsion in re situation
+
VRdT TRdT
VRdT, TRdT =corbels shear and torsion capacity in re situation

When longer re resistance is needed it is recommended to lift the corbel up higher than the level of
the slabs if the beam is thick enough. Then the concrete cover will act as re protection. Peikkos technical support gives advice about lifting the corbel.
Requirement of environment (corrosion) has to
be taken care of according to requirements in
Eurocodes.

6.1 Installation to the mould

The PCs column part is symmetrical so it can be installed in both ways with the saw teeth against the
mould. The column part of PCs UP is not symmetric
and it must be installed so that long ribbed bars are
towards columns lower end. Saw teeth have to be
protected against the grouting mortar.
The column part is installed so that its ribbed bars
will be inside the main stirrups of the column.
The column part can be attached to the mould with
bolts. It can also be tied to the main reinforcement
of the column.

6.2 Installation of the corbel parts and installation

tolerances
The saw teeth protector is removed and the saw
teeth are checked that they are clean and undamaged before installing the corbel parts.
The corbel plate is installed in the proper location
tightly with the saw teeth of the column part as
seen in picture 13 (p.30). A large washer with oval
holes is installed symmetrically to the corbel part.

Table 16. Capacities of the connection after 60 and 90 minutes in fire. PCs UP has the same capacities.
PCs 2
PCs 2 UP

PCs 3
PCs 3 UP

PCs 5
PCs 5 UP

PCs 7
PCs 7 UP

PCs 10
PCs 10 UP

PCs 15

according to EC (without NAD)

RE 60

RE 90

VRT [kN]

225

385

475

685

1010

1500

TRT [kNm]

10

20

40

60

190

VRT [kN]

145

245

295

420

800

926

TRT [kNm]

13

25

40

110

29

www.peikko.com

PCs CORBEL
The bolts are tightened at least to the minimum values shown in table 17. The gap between the corbel
and the column part disappears when the bolts are
tightened properly.
The corbel plate can be moved to the right location
by opening the bolts a little. Installation tolerances
of the corbel plate are 12 mm in both horizontal
and vertical direction. When the corbel is correctly
positioned the bolts must be retightened according
to table 17.
Table 17. Minimum torque for the bolts. Values are the
same with all models.
torque
[Nm]

thread of
the bolt
[mm]
PCs 2

M16

24

40

PCs 3

M24

36

130

PCs 5

M30

46

220

PCs 7

M30

46

220

PCs 10

M30

46

220

PCs 15

M30

46

220

Figure 13. Installation of the corbel parts

30

6.3 Beam installation and

installation tolerances
The installation of the beam must be done according to the erection plan.
The beam can be erected when the corbel is installed to proper location according to chapter 6.2.
LOCK-corbel parts have washers and nuts that need
to be removed before installation of the beam.
The beam is installed to the corbel by lowering the
beam on the corbel so that the corbel goes into the
slot of the beams end plate.
When using LOCK-corbel, the vertical thread bars
should t through holes made for the LOCK-corbel
in the beams top plate. Thread bars have to be long
enough so that washers and nuts removed before
installation can be put back and tightened properly
after the beam is installed.
Installation tolerances are +20 and -14 mm for the
beam length when column is rectangular. In the
case of circular column installation tolerances of the
beam length depend on the radius of the column
but value 10mm covers most of the cases.

The beam must be supported when:

The interaction of shear load and torsion is
over the interaction capacities
Too large bending is caused to the column by
torsion
The beam, the column or the connection is not
designed against torsion
The rotation of the beam is too big

6.4 Grouting of the joint

The whole height of the joint between the column,
the beam and the space around the corbel parts is
grouted at the same time as the joints of the slabs.

7. INSTALLATION
CONTROL
7.1 Mould installation
control of the parts
Check list before casting the column:
Proper location of the column part
Proper position of the column part compared
to the axis of the column
Proper attachment of the column part in the mould
Amount and position of the additional
reinforcement
Proper protection of the saw teeth against
grouting mortar
Check list before welding the beam end plate:
Size and the position of the bottom plate slot
Size and the position of the end plate slot
Position of the end plate compared to the bottom plate slot
Perpendicularity of the end plate to the bottom plate

7.2 Installation control of

the corbel parts
Check list before installing the corbel parts:
The protection of the teeth is taken away
The saw teeth are undamaged and clean
The correct location of the corbel parts
Bolts are tightened according to the torque presented in table 17
There is no emty space between teeth

7.3 Installation control of

the beam
Check list before erecting the beam:
There is no empty space between teeth

Bolts are tightened according to the torque

presented in table 17
Erection plan of the slabs is obeyed
Erection plan of the beam is obeyed

8. PROCEDURES IF
TOLERANCES ARE
EXCEEDED
When the beam isnt long enough it is possible to
manufacture an extra long corbel. This reduces the
capacities of the connection. The capacity must be
checked individually.
When the corbel is at too low level it is possible to:
Manufacture an extra high corbel. This reduces
the torsion capacity of the connection and the
beam must be supported when erecting the
slabs. If the under side of the extra high corbel
is on a lower level than the under side of the
beam, the corbel must be protected against
re.
Weld a standard corbel to the right position on
to the column plate. This reduces the capacities (shear and torsion) of the connection. The
capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is at too high level it is possible to:
Make the beam end plate slot higher. This
reduces the capacities of the connection if
the end plate is not high enough. The reduced
capacity must be checked individually.
Weld a standard corbel to the right position
on the column plate. This reduces the capacities (shear and torsion) of the connection. The
capacity must be checked individually.
When the corbel is off centre it is possible to:
Make the beam end plate slot wider. This
reduces the capacities of the connection in
some cases. The beam must be supported
when erecting the slabs. Wedge plates must
be placed between the corbel and the end
plate after erecting the beam.
Weld a standard corbel to the right position
on the column plate. This reduces the capacities (shear and torsion) of the connection. The
reduced capacity must be checked individually.
When the beam is squint it is possible to cut the
beam end plate slot wider. The beam must be supported during erecting the elements. Wedges must
be placed between the corbel and the end plate
when needed.
31

www.peikko.com

Peikko Group www.peikko.com