The experiment was conducted in order to find

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

the time taken to collect 10 L of water,

the volumetric flow rates of the water,
the pressure difference at all manometer tube(static head),
velocity,
And also To investigate the validity of the Bernoulli equation when
applied to the steady flow of water in a tapered duct

Procedure of experiment :
1. Check if the drain valve is open and keep it fully open and check
whether the outlet pipe goes to the drain. Initiate flow through the
venturi test section by opening inlet valve.
2. Check that all manometer tubing are properly connected to the
corresponding pressure taps and are air-bubble free.
3. Wait for some time for the level in manometer tube to stabilize
(steady state).

4. After the steady state is achieved, we record the time taken for the
water to collect 10 liters

 DISCUSSION:
The objectives of this experiment is to investigate the validity of the Bernoulli
equation when applied to the steady flow of water in a tapered duct and to
measure the flow rates and both static and total pressure heads in a rigid
convergent and divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow
rates.
This experiment is based on the Bernoullis principle which relates between
velocities with the pressure for an in viscid flow.
From the result obtained through this experiment, it is been observed
that when the pressure difference increase, the flow rates of the water
increase and thus the velocities also increase flow.
The result show a rise at each manometer tubes when the pressure
difference increases.
As fluid flows from a wider pipe to a narrower one, the velocity of the flowing
fluid increases.

where the velocity of water that flows in the tapered duct increases as the
duct are a decreases.

some error occurs when taking the measurement of each data :

The observer must have not read the level of static head properly. Moreover,
the eyes are not perpendicular to the water level on the manometer, the
water level must be let to be really stable.
Therefore, there are some effects on the calculations due to the errors

Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bernoullis equation is valid

when applied to steady flow of water in tapered duct and absolute
velocity values increase along the same channel, but the values obtain
might be slightly differ from the actual value. This is because there is
some error maybe happen during the experiment is done.

 Conclusion:
The results show the reading of each manometer tubes increase when
the pressure difference increases.

From the result obtained, we can conclude that the Bernoullis

equation is valid for convergent and divergent flow as both of it does
obey the equation.

For both flow, as the pressure difference increase, the time taken for
10L water collected increase and the flow rates of the water also
increase.

Thus, as the velocity of the same channel increase, the total head
pressure also increase for both convergent and divergent flow