SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF SOLID WASTE FROM

BEARING FACTORY AS AN EFFORT OF APPLYING CLEANER

PRODUCTION
SOLIDIFIKASI/STABILISASI LIMBAH PADAT PABRIK BEARING
SEBAGAI PENERAPAN PRODUKSI BERSIH

Rr.Adisti Primanda1 and Benno Rahardyan2

Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Bandung Institute of Technology
Jl.Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132
1
adisti_primanda@yahoo.com, 2benno@tl.itb.ac.id

Abstract: Bearing factories produce rolling bearing that is one of the main parts in auto-parts industries. In its
production process, bearing factories also generate a considerable amount of solid waste, mainly from grinding
and honing process, which contain high level of heavy metal and oxide metal. According to PP No.18/1999,
wastes generated from automotive and mechanical manufacturing industries (including spare parts, accessories,
and manufacturing) are categorized as Hazardous Waste. Estimation of waste generated from grinding process is
about 700 kg per day,in which from honing process is around 100 kg per day. Grinding and honing waste
treatment have not done by the factory. Therefore, laboratory scale research was performed to treat the bearing
solid waste in order to reach cleaner production. This research is a laboratory scale research and its procedure
was following ASTM and Standard Method. For the purpose of this research, the physical and chemical
characteristics were tested and this bearing waste will be used as substitute of fine aggregate in mortar mixture.
The bearing waste content in mortar mixture are 10%-20%-30%-40%-50%-60%-70%-80%. The best mortar
mixture will be achieved through the unconfined compressive strength test, durability test, and absorption test.
Laboratory test result for bearing waste showed that all of dangerous and toxic parameters is below threshold
that determined by regulation. The result of unconfined compressive strength test in 28 days cured products
show that all of mortar mixture can be used as concrete brick. Therefore, bearing waste can be used as building
component material.
Key words: bearing waste, fine aggregate, mortar, cleaner production
Abstrak: Pabrik bearing merupakan pabrik yang bergerak dalam produksi bantalan gelinding, penyedia
otoparts untuk kendaraan bermotor. Dalam proses produksinya, pabrik bearing menghasilkan limbah padat
yang terbentuk selama proses grinding dan honing produksi bearing yang memiliki karakteristik kandungan
logam berat dan oksida logam yang cukup tinggi. Merujuk PP No.18 Tahun 1999, limbah yang berasal dari
kegiatan manufaktur dan perakitan kendaraan dan mesin (termasuk pembuatan suku cadang, aksesoris, dan
rangka) dikategorikan ke dalam limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses
grinding adalah sebesar 700 kg per hari, sedangkan proses honing menghasilkan limbah sebesar 100 kg per
hari. Pengolahan limbah grinding dan honing belum dilakukan sendiri oleh pabrik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian
skala laboratorium dilakukan agar pengolahan limbah padat bearing dapat dilakukan sendiri dan
dimanfaatkan secara internal oleh pabrik sehingga dapat tercapai produksi bersih. Penelitian ini merupakan
penelitian skala laboratorium yang mengacu kepada prosedur ASTM dan Standard Method. Limbah bearing
akan diuji karakteristik fisik dan kimianya dan digunakan sebagai pengganti agregat halus dalam campuran
mortar dengan persentase 10%-20%-30%-40%-50%-60%-70%-80%. Campuran mortar yang terbaik akan
didapat melalui uji kuat tekan, uji durabilitas, dan uji absorpsi. Hasil analisis karakterisasi limbah bearing
menunjukan bahwa seluruh parameter berbahaya dan beracun berada di bawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan
pemerintah. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan produk S/S menunjukkan bahwa seluruh campuran mortar pada umur
28 hari dapat digunakan sebagai batako. Dengan begitu limbah bearing dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan
baku komponen bangunan.
Kata Kunci: Limbah bearing, agregat halus, mortar, produksi bersih

SW4-1

INTRODUCTION
Bearing factories produces rolling bearing, as a supplier of auto parts for motorized
vehicles. In the production process, bearing factories also generates a considerable amount of
solid waste from the grinding and honing process, where the solid waste generated contains a
high level of heavy metal, such as cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic, boron, barium and many
others. According to PP No.18/1999, wastes generated from automotive and mechanical
manufacturing industries (including spare parts, accessories, and manufacturing) are
categorized as Hazardous Waste, by the code of D214. Estimation of waste generated from
grinding process is about 700 kg per day, in which 100 kg is produced from the honing
process itself. Grinding process also generates a large amount of waste per day, but until now
bearing factories have not yet managed a waste treatment of their own. Instead, they hand
over their waste to PPLI or to cement factories to be used as an alternative fuel. Based on that
background, a research is performed on one of the alternatives in the usage of bearing solid
waste generated from the grinding process, using a solidification/stabilization method, where
the waste is to be used as building component material, making it useful for companys
internal, and the goal of clean production can be reached.
The purpose of this research is to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of the
solid waste from the bearing production process, to determine the proportion of waste as a
substitute for fine aggregate with quality parameters that includes compressive strength,
water absorption, and durability against the weather; and also to measure the level of
effectiveness and efficiency from using waste as building component material through
solidification process with the parameter of cost.
On this cement-based solidification/stabilization, waste is mixed with a binder material
(Portland cement) and aggregate material (sand or soil). With this mixing, mechanically,
waste is trapped inside a monolithic structure with high integrity. Also, the dangerous
compounds inside the waste could be reduced through immobilization of pollutants,
decreased level of solubility, and transformation of pollutant into a more less-hazardous form
(Cordah, 2002 in Wicaksono, 2006). The mechanism includes processes of
microencapsulation, macro encapsulation, precipitation, crystallization, absorption and
adsorption (Damanhuri, 1999). Previous research by J-E Chang, et al. (2002) also proves the
effectiveness of solidification/stabilization using Portland cement to transform heavy metal
compounds into insoluble salts that is unable to lye into ground water.
To be able to do the solidification/stabilization process effectively and efficiently, it is
necessary to determine first the right composition between the waste, binder material and
mixing material. Before determining the composition, physical and chemical characteristics
of the waste have to be identified, which is one of the purpose of this research. Next, to
calculate the mixing formula, a pre-experiment needs to be performed, along with the
designing of mortar mixture as an approach method in determining the optimum proportion
between binder material and loader (Syeban, 2005). Once the mixing formula is retrieved,
mortar will then be mixed with waste in many mixing variations. This mixture will then put
through compressive strength test in order to be able to determine the most effective mixture.
Afterwards, the effectiveness of the solidification/stabilization process can be retrieved by
testing physical and chemical parameters of the product. Analyzing the product of
solidification/stabilization also requires a complete analysis on physical and chemical
characteristics of the binder and mixer material included in the solidification/stabilization
process (Winurdiastri, 2005).

SW4-2

METHODOLOGY
This research is held in a laboratory scale to identify the alternatives in using solid waste
generated from the grinding process in bearing productions. Independent tests for every
physical and chemical parameters is held at Hazardous and Solid Waste Environmental
Engineering Laboratory and Structure and Material Civil Engineering Laboratory, and as for
heavy metal test is held at Coal and Mineral Technology Center Laboratory. Bearing waste is
generated from grab sampling in the hazardous waste storeroom on one of the bearing
factories in Indonesia. Sampling was held on the 10th of April 2008, with the total sample of
47,8 kg. This sample is put inside a closed plastic container to prevent contamination before
the physical and chemical parameters test.
The first step of the research is laboratory analysis for the characteristics of bearing solid
waste, including physical and chemical parameters. The main purpose of this characteristic
test is to measure the hazardous and poisonous parameters of the bearing waste. The other
purpose is to make the bearing waste characteristics data a reference in doing
solidification/stabilization experiments. Physical parameters being tested include water
content, specific gravity, weight volume, sieve analysis and absorption; where the chemical
parameters tested include pH, calorie value, carbon-organic content, metal oxide (SiO2,
Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, LOI), heavy metal content (Cd, Pb, Zn,
As,B,Ba), LD50 and TCLP. TCLP and LD50 tests cannot be held independently, so the data
is retrieved from secondary data.
Material used as mortar mixture in this solidification/stabilization research is Galunggung
Tasikmalaya sand as fine aggregate and Prtland cement type I under the label Semen Gresik
as the binder material. Both of these materials can easily be found in the markets.
Fine aggregate and binder materials needs to be tested first on the characteristics before it
is able to be made as a mortar mixture. Physical characteristics analyzed on Pasir
Galunggung are water content, specific gravity, sludge content, sieve analysis, fineness
modulus, volume weight, and absorption. The chemical parameters include pH, volatile
content, ash content, and organic content. The test on physical and chemical characteristics
on Galunggung sand has the purpose of determining the feasibility of the sand to be able to
be used as loader material in the solidification product.
Characteristic tests towards Gresik cement as the binder material includes tests on the
amount of heavy metal and metal oxide contained. Heavy metals analyzed are Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr,
Cd, Se, As, Hg, Ni, and Ag. The purpose of this test is to observe what kinds of heavy metal
are contained in Gresik cement, so that the content of metal in the object tested does not
increase after mixing from the metals present in the cement. Metal oxide that needs to be
analyzed includes SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, and LOI. Metal oxide
analysis on Gresik cement has the purpose to identify the content of metal oxide from Gresik
cement and to compare it with the content of metal oxide required for Portland cement.
Before performing bearing waste solidification/stabilization, a design of the ideal mixing
composition between binder-aggregate to form mortar must be calculated. Cement-fine
aggregate mixing ratio used in this research is 1:3. This ratio is commonly used for the
mixture of paving block (Susilowati, 2004). Calculated planning of mixing for this
solidification is following Table 1 below.

SW4-3

Table 1 Mortar Mixture Ratio Proportion

Semen
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Waste
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4

Sand
3
2.7
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.9
0.6

The weight of Sand, sludge and cement required is calculated based on the specific
weight of raw cement, which is 2400 kg/m3. The weight of sand, sludge and cement for every
substitution of waste towards sand in percentage can be seen on Table 2.
Table 2 Weight of Mixture Proportion
Material
Sand (gr)
Bearing Waste(gr)
Cement (gr)
Water (ml)

0%
225
0
75

Percentage of Waste
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
112.5
202.5
180
157.5
135
22.5
45
67.5
90
112.5
75
75
75
75
75
Measured by Flow Test

60%
90
135
75

70%
67.5
157.5
75

80%
45
180
75

After mortar composition is determined, then the mortar is mixed, to be able to perform
solidification/stabilization. Mixing is done through steps of mortar forming, mortar mixing,
building cubic mold for tested object, drying, and maintenance by submerging it in the water
for 28 days. Product of solidification/stabilization needs to be tested to see the feasibility and
to be able to retrieve the best mortar mixture to be applied. Testing product of
solidification/stabilization includes compressive strength test to tested object with
maintenance that ranges along 3,7,14,21 and 28 days using UCS (Unconfined Compressive
Strength) device, durability test towards dry and wet weather to tested object with 28 days of
maintenance range through 7 cycles (Ahsani, 2004), and water absorption test to tested object
with 28 days maintenance range. The testing procedure and details of each testing can be
described briefly in Table 3.

Table 3 Parameter and Method of Laboratory Analysis

No

Parameter

Method
Centrifuged waste

Flammability (*)

ASTM D5058-90

Reactive (*)

EPA SW-846

Hazardous (TCLP) (*)

EPA SW-846

4
5

Corosive (*)
Toxicology Test( *)

EPA SW-846-9045
EPA 821-R 02-012

Water Content

ASTM D2216-80

Specific Gravity

ASTM C 128-93

Sieve Analysis

ASTM C 33-90

9
10

Volume Weight
Absorption

ASTM C 29
ASTM 128-93

SW4-4

Explanation
Starts flaming by the cause of fire sparks
on (< 60 C;760 mmHg)
Releases poisonous gas
Reacts with water
Strong oxidator
TCLP test results are above treshold
stated in the attachment of PP no 85/1999
Coroses metal, skin irritation, pH < 2 or pH
>12.5
LD 50<30.000 ppm
Determine the composition of waste
solvent, foundry factor
Conversion from weight to volume,
variation and characteristic of waste
Determine distribution of dissolved waste
particles
Measurement to the volume weight of the
sample
Water absorption test

No
11
12
13
14

Parameter
pH
Calorie Value
Organic Carbon
Metal Oxide

15

Heavy Metal

1
2

Water Content
Specific Weight

Method
pH meter
Calorimeter
Titration
Gravimetric
AAS-SNI 6 2464 1991 and
GTA
Binder and Aggregate
ASTM 2216-80
ASTM C 128-93

Sieve Analysis

ASTM C 33-90

Weight Volume

ASTM C 29

5
6
7
8

Fineness Modulus
Sludge Content
Absorption
pH

ASTM C 136-95a
ASTM C 142-78
ASTM 128-93
pH meter

9
10
11
12

Volatile Content
Ash Content
Organic Content
Metal Oxide

13

Heavy Metal

1
2

Compressive Strength
Absorption

Durability

Explanation
Measuring pH value
Measuring calorie value
Measuring of organic carbon content
Determine metal oxide content
Determine metal content in total
Heating sample in 105 degree Celsius
Specific weight measurement of the sample
Measuring particle sizes distribution of the
sample
Measurement of weight volume of the
sample
Measurement of the samples degree of
fineness
Water absorption test

Measuring organic compound content of the

Gravimetric
sample
Gravimetric
Abrams-Harder Color Standard Measuring organic content of the sample
Gravimetric
AAS-SNI 6 2464 1991 and
Measuring heavy metal content of the
GTA
sample
Solidification/Stabilization Product
Unconfined Compressive Strength on
ASTM C109-01
3,7,14,21, 28 days
SII 0819-83
Water absorption test
Durability towards dry and wet weather for
ASTM D4843-99
7 cycles

Note : (*) = secondary data

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Analysis Result on Bearing Solid Waste Sample
Bearing solid waste sample has the characteristic of a relatively high water content, which
is 52.63%. Therefore, it causes the percentage of the water absorption of this waste very little,
which is 0.36%. This relatively high water content and the small percentage of water
absorption will later affect on the water required for mixing mortar. The higher the water
content, the less water is required. The pH level of waste is 6.23, this proves that waste is a
little bit acid. Calorie value present in the bearing waste is also relatively high, which is 1026.
This value shows that waste has a level of calorie that may be useful for an alternative fuel.
The bearing waste has already been tested on the TCLP content, LD50, and heavy metal
in total. These three tests gave results that qualitifies to the threshold set by the government,
Peraturan Pemerintah No 18 Tahun 1999 juncto Peraturan Pemerintah No. 85 Tahun 1999
and KABAPEDAL No Kep-04/BAPEDAL/09/1995. This result shows that this waste is safe
to the environment and human health. The results on bearing waste characteristics analysis
can be seen on Table 4.
Table 4 Bearing Waste Characteristics Analysis
Parameter

Analysis Result

Water Content (%)

52.63

Dry Content (%)

47.37

pH

6.23

Volume Weight (Solid Condition,kg/ltr)

0.428

Volume Weight (Loose Condition,kg/ltr)

0.342

SW4-5

Parameter

Analysis Result

Specific Gravity

4.3819

Absorption (%)

0.3627

Calorie Value (Kal/gr)

1026

Organic Carbon Value (%)

32.1391

Metal contained in the bearing waste is far below threshold appointed in KABAPEDAL
No Kep-04/BAPEDAL/09/1995. This shows that this waste is safe to be buried on landfill.
Further details can be seen on Table 5. Metal oxide content in bearing waste on Table 6
shows that this waste contains SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3> 70%. This value is far above the value
required for concrete mixer material in ASTM C618, with the minimum of 50%. The three
elements exceeding 70% shows that this waste complies as pozzolan type F. Other than that,
the number of CaO content on all of the three sludge shows that this bearing waste is closer to
the number of CaO content on fly ash, even though it is still below the number required.
Therefore can be concluded that this bearing waste has the pozzolan character. The LOI
content complies waste to be a substitute for Portland cement. But on this research, waste is
used as substitute for sand. This is because researchers demand the internal company to use
minimum expense to gain maximum advantage. Sand is more needed to make building
components, referring to the comparison between cement proportion and sand required to
make paving block is 1:3.
Table 5 Heavy Metal Content on Bearing Waste
Metal Content

Element

Landfill Standard

(mg/kg Dry Weight)

Column A

Column B

Cd

0.01

50

Pb

0.15

3000

300

Zn

1408

5000

500

As

42.3

3000

30

6.75

Ba

15.3

Tabel 6 Metal Oxide Content on Bearing Waste

Waste

Criteria ASTM

Parameter

SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
Total SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3
CaO
MgO
K2O
Na2O
Na2O + 0,658 K2O
TiO2
LOI

%
0.23
1.62
95.05
96.9
1
0.01
0.09
1.94
1.99
Ttd
0.04

Class C
%
Min 50
5
15
6

* Sugiri, 2002

SW4-6

Class F
%
Min 70
5
15
12

Chemical Composition*
Portland
Cement
%
18-24
2-7
0-6

Fly Ash
%
40-55
20-30
5-10

54-66
0,1-0,4
0,2-1,5
0,2-1,5
<0,5

2-7
1-4
1-5
1-2
3-12

Analysis Result on Sand and Portland Cement

Factors that affect the quality of solidification/stabilization product, referring to Mulyono
(2003) are water quality, water cement factor, binder quality, aggregate quality, additional
material quality, proportion, foundry method, and product acidity. If related to laboratory test
results, a further analysis can be held on binder and mixer materials, referring to the research.
Galunggung sand has water content as much as 2.878% so it complies to the requirement
of fine aggregate set by PBI 1971, which ranges between 1-6%. This result shows that sand
can be used directly without having to be dried first. The level of pH from Galunggung sand
almost reaches netral so sand is good to be used as a mortar mixing material. The volatile
content of Galunggung sand is very small, and the organic content complies to the AbramsHarder color standard. Percentage of absorption from Galunggung sand shows a small value,
therefore it decreases the amount of water required for mortar mixture. The result of
characteristic analysis on Galunggung sand can be seen on Table 7.
Table 7 Characteristic Analysis on Galunggung Sand
Parameter

Analysis Result

Water Content (%)

2.878

Dry Content (%)

97.122

pH

6.81

Volume Weight (Solid Condition,kg/ltr)

1.7098

Volume Weight (Loose Condition,kg/ltr)

1.494

Specific Gravity

2.6612

Absorption (%)

2.669

Sludge Content (%)

1.389

Organic Content

Color No.1

Volatile Content (%)

0.5182

Ash Content (%)

99.4816

Characteristic Analysis performed on Gresik cement include heavy metal analysis and
metal oxide analysis. Table 8 shows a prediction that none of heavy metal leachating from
cement would exceed the threshold set by PP 18/99 jo 85/99. The content of metal oxide
from Gresik cement shows that Gresik cement is a Portland cement type I, a normal Portland
cement. Physical characteristic study of this Gresik cement is retrieved from an earlier
research, the Winurdiastri research on 2005. Table 9 shows the characteristic of Gresik
cement.

Table 8 Metal content and TCLP prediction analysis on Gresik cement

Total Metal
Parameter

(mg/kg dry weight)

TCLP Prediction
(mg/l)

TCLP
Threshold

As

0.1

Cd

0.25

0.0125

Copper

17.37

0.8685

10

Pb

0.25

0.0125

Hg

0.2

Zn

53.88

2.694

50

SW4-7

Table 9 Gresik Cement Characteristic

Parameter

Portland Cement

ASTM C150 Standard

SiO2

21.2

Al2O3

Fe2O3

3.1

CaO

64.9

MgO

1.2

max.6

Alkalis (K2O,Na2O)

max.0.6

Sulfat

2.1

Fineness Modulus

1.16

Specific Gravity

3.092

LOI

0.09

max.3

Fineness (SSA,m /gr)

2910

min.2800

Bonding Time, Beginning,minute

141

min.45

Bonding Time, End,minute

285

max.375

Compression Strength 3 days,kg/cm2

208

min.125

Compression Strength 7 days,kg/cm2

285

min.200

Mixture Processing
The ratio applied to make mortar mixture is 1:3, this ratio is commonly used to make
paving block. According to SNI 15-2049-2004, water is added based on flow test where the
standard for water flow is 1105 mm (Winurdiastri, 2005). Water used is tap water, the
quality of tap water still obeys the requirement set by SNI 15-2049-2004, which is free from
pollutant such as sludge, oil, suspended object, and salt.
Water cement ratio is an important indicator in designing concrete mixture. Water cement
ratio is weight of the water divided by weight of the cement. According to Mulyono (2003)
the ideal ratio for water cement ratio ranges between 0.25-0.65. The less value of water
cement ratio, the more strength of the concrete can be obtained. In this research, the water
cement ratio retrieved is between 0.6-0.65 with a variety of composition from waste as
substitute for sand as big as 0-80%, with the range of 10% per composition. This value is
complying with the ideal ratio of water cement. It is expected that with an ideal value of
water cement ratio, the compressive strength of solidification/stabilization product will also
be good. Mortar mixing doesnt require too much water, this is because the water content
from the bearing solid waste sample is high enough, 52.63%. Other than that, absorption
percentage from sand and waste is low, 2.67% and 0.363%. The lower the absorption
percentage, the less water is required in the mixture processing. Water requirement for every
proportion of mixture can be seen on Table 10.
Table 10 Water requirement for every proportion of mortar mixture
Sand(gr)
Waste(gr)
Cement(gr)
Water(ml)
w/c ratio

0%
225
0
75
45
0.6

10%
202.5
22.5
75
45
0.6

Waste Percentage
20%
30%
180
157.5
45
67.5
75
75
45
45
0.6
0.6

SW4-8

40%
135
90
75
45
0.6

50%
112.5
112.5
75
47
0.63

60%
90
135
75
48
0.64

70%
67.5
157.5
75
48
0.64

80%
45
180
75
49
0.65

Testing Solidification/Stabilization Product

Testing Solidification/Stabilization product on feasibility of bearing waste usage as
building component material includes compressive strength test, durability test, and water
absorption test. Compressive strength test uses the UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength)
device. The result from this compressive strength shows that mortar mixture with additional
bearing solid waste by 10% composition and 28 days of maintenance complies the minimum
limit of paving blocks compressive strength, with the lowest quality (III) at SII 0819 83,
which is 200 kg/cm2 (Ahsani, 2004). But for mortar mixture with additional waste as much as
20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% and maintenance range as long as 28 days, the
result shows that mortar mixture complies to the minimum limit of compressive strength for
concrete brick for paving blocks quality IV, which is 20 kg/cm2 as in SNI 03-0349-1989. The
result on compressive strength test and quality requirements can be seen more clearly on
Figure 1.

Figure 1 Compressive Strength Test Result

Durability test result shows that the percentage of decreasing weight from every mortar
mixture (except 20% composition) with mainenance range of 28 days qualifies the limit of
decreasing weight percentage on ASTM D4843, which is 30%. The durability test result for
every mortar mixture is shown in Table 11.
Table 11 Durability Test Result
Variation
0%
10%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%

Weight Decrease (%)

7.99
10.40
15.57
17.78
22.06
21.75
26.21
29.45

Table 12 Absorption Test Result

Variation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%

SW4-9

Absorption (%)
9.19
11.54
14.11
17.47
19.29
26.23
34.23
35.63
46.89

% Absorption for Paving Block

35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35

Absorption test is done to product that has been measured for 28 days. Absorption test is
intended to identify the capability of the tested object in absorbing water. This is very useful
because high water absorption will destruct the bonding between cement and aggregate. The
mortar with 10%-60% waste composition turns out to have less value of water absorption
than maximum absorption allowed for paving block category, which is 35%. But mortar with
this waste mixture cannot fulfill the standard percentage of paving block absorption, which
requires a maximum absorption of 7%. Therefore, based on the absorption level, tested object
with 10%-60% sludge can be used as paving block. Table 12 shows the percentage of
maximum water absorption on all mortar mixture.

CONCLUSION
Solid waste generated from grinding and honing process in the making of ball bearing can
be used as building component material so clean production can be achieved. TCLP of
bearing solid waste stands below the TCLP threshold as stated in Peraturan Pemerintah No 18
Tahun 1999 juncto Peraturan Pemerintah No. 85 Tahun 1999. Testing the product of
solidification/stabilization includes compressive strength test, durability test, and absorption
test. The result of compressive strength test, mortar mixture shows that variation 10% waste
can be used as quality III paving block, and variation 20-80% waste can be used as concrete
brick for walls or quality IV paving block. Durability test result shows that on mortar without
maintenance, all mortar mixture can qualify the standard percentage of weight decrease for
concrete, which is 30%. The result on water absorption percentage shows that mortar mixture
that can be used as paving block is the mortar mixture with variation 10% waste until 60%
waste.
Suggestions are needed so that when applying, the result will be better or more useful for
the next research. Further research needs to be performed by doing pre-treatment towards
waste so the waste can be used optimally. Durability test result shows rusty, therefore to
control rust on building component, contact with water needs to be minimized, example is by
using paint.

REFERENCES
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