Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
(1113095000007)
Zikri Chairulisan
(1113095000011)
Amelia Rakhmaniar
(1113095000012)
MAJOR OF BIOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2014
A. Introduction
Verbs can be either main verbs or heping (also called auxiliary) verbs. Main
verbs are kind of verb you have alredy studied. Main verbs tell what action is
being performed in a sentence. For example:
I drive to work each day.
This restaurant serves Portuguese food.
My Sister play with her friends.
The most common auxiliary verbs are do, be and have, and you may also use
these verbs on their own. The verbs will, would, shall, should, can, could,
may, might, and must cannot be the main (full) verbs alone. They are used as
auxiliary verbs only and always need a main verb to follow.
B. Functions
Auxiliary are use in combination with main verb. They perform two major
functions:
1.
Auxiliary also show tense-the time at which the action of the verb takes
place. Notice how changing the auxiliary verbs in the following
sentences helps change the tense of the main verb visit. (Both the
auxiliary and the main verbs have been bold)
She didnt walk to school this morning.
He is visiting New York.
I did enjoy that party last night.
C. Kinds of Auxiliary
They are some kinds of auxiliary which are used in combination with main
verb or use these verbs on their own. They are:
1. Does, do, did, done
2. To be: is, am, are, was, were, being, been
3. Have, has, had
4. Modal auxiliary: can, could, may, might, will, would, must, had to,
shall, should, Ought to
questions:
answers:
do
She / he / it
does
look nice.
did
In statements
In negative sentences
In questions
I am 21.
He/she is cool.
You are Indian.
We are eating soon.
They are excited.
I am not. (I aren't)
You are not. (you aren't)
We are not. (we aren't)
They are not. (they aren't)
He/she is not. (he/she isn't)
Am I in the right place?
Are you my new boss?
Are we nearly there?
Are they the best players on the team?
Is he/she old enough to go to bars?
In statements
In negative sentences
I have a dog.
You have something on your shirt.
We have seen it before.
They have called me three times.
He/she has lived in America.
I have not. (I haven't/ I've not)
You have not. (you haven't/you've not)
We have not. (we haven't/we've not)
They have not. (they haven't/they've not)
He/she has not (he/she hasn't)
4. Modal auxiliary: can, could, may, might, will, would, must, had to,
shall, should, Ought to
These are also known as modal verbs. We use them to show obligation,
possibility and necessity, example:
- Jack is late. He might be sleeping. (possibility)
- I should clean my room today. (obligation)
Pronunciation
Do and all other auxiliary verbs can be stressed in spoken English to contrast
correct or emphasise:
She doesnt play the guitar but she does play the piano.
A: They havent done their homework yet. B: Yes, they have.
I did enjoy the concert.
REFERENCE
Penelope Choy, Dorothy Goldbart Clark, Shirley Turchet. 2007. Basic Grammar
and Usage. Publisher: Nelson.
Hans P. Guth. 1997. American English Today. Publisher: Webster Division.
Patricia K. Werner, Company, Inc,. 2002. Interactions 2 Grammar. Publisher:
http://awelu.srv.lu.se/grammarandwords/selectiveminigrammar/verbphrases/prima
ry-auxiliary-v
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/flatmates/episode119/languag
epoint.shtml
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/auxvb.html
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/what-are-auxiliary-verbs
http://www.talkenglish.com/Grammar/auxiliary-verbs-will-would-shall
should.aspx
http://www.talkenglish.com/Grammar/auxiliary-verbs-can-could-may-might
must.aspx