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Note: Over-reinforced typically means the tensile steel does not yield at failure.
for this example, over-reinforced means the section is not tension
controlled per ACI standards even though the steel does yield
Given:
fc = 6,000 psi
fy = 60 ksi
Required:
Assumptions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Next, well calculate d, the depth from the extreme compression fiber to the center of reinforcement in the tensile zone.
d = h Clear Spacing dstirrup dreinforcement - Clear Spacing Between Bars/2
d = 24 1.5 0.5 - 1 - 1/2
d = 20.5
fs = stress in the steel (we make the assumption that the steel yields, and will later
confirm if it does).
Solve for a:
Now that we know the depth of the stress block, we can calculate c, the depth to the
neutral axis.
a = 6.196
1 is a factor that relates the depth of the Whitney stress block to the depth of the
neutral axis based on the concrete strength. It is defined in 10.2.7.3
1 = 0.65 0.85 - ((fc 4000psi)/1000)) x 0.05 0.85
1 = 0.85 ((6000psi 4000psi)/1000) x 0.05 = 0.75
c = a / 1 = 6.196/0.75
c = 8.261
With c, we can calculate the strain in the extreme tensile steel using similar triangles.
With this strain calculated, we can check our assumption that the steel yields, and
determine if the section is tension controlled.
First, lets calculate dt, the depth from the extreme compression fiber to the extreme
tensile steel
dt = 24 - 1.5 - 0.5 - 1/2 = 21.5
c/c = dt/(c + t)
t = (dt x c)/c c = (21.5 x 0.003)/8.261 0.003
t = 0.0048
The strain for our section is between the limit for compression controlled (.002 per ACI section 10.3.3) and the limit for tensioned controlled
sections, 0.005. Therefore, we must interpolate to determine our factor in accordance with ACI 9.3.2.2
(0.9 - 0.65)/(0.005 - 0.002) = ( - 0.65)/(0.0048 - 0.002)
= 0.88
Determine the strain at which the steel yields and check our assumption that the steel in fact yielded:
E = fy/y
E = Youngs modulus which is generally accepted to be 29,000 ksi for steel
fy = steel yield stress
y = yield strain
y = 60ksi / 29,000 ksi = 0.00207
When we checked if the section was tensioned controlled, we check the strain at the extreme layer of steel. We must calculate the strain at the
centroid of the tensile steel to determine if it yields:
t = 0.0044
0.0044 is greater than 0.00207 therefore our assumptions are correct and the steel yields prior to failure
Next, lets determine if the beam section satisfies the minimum steel requirements of ACI: