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INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Table of Contents
.
ANALYSIS..3
Scenario3
Instructional Problem Statement..3
CONTEXT ANALYSIS..4
ENVIRONMENT...5 -6
Orienting Context.....5
Instructional Context5
Transfer Context.....5 - 6
CONTENT ANALYSIS..7 - 10
DEVELOPMENT..11 - 14
Instructional Unit Plan...11 - 14
LESSON PLANS...15 - 29
Lesson Plan #1 Technology Integrated Lesson..15 - 19
Purpose..15
Content..16
Integration.17
Lesson Plan #2....20 - 23
Lesson Plan #324 - 29
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN....30 - 32
Configuration..30
Linkages..30
Environment...30
Resources.30 - 31
Evaluation of the Instruction...........31
APPENDICES32 - 34
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
ANALYSIS
Scenario
The students of a standard two class at the Grass Village Government Primary School
have failed in the area of calculating currency up to twenty dollars. An assessment for the class
have been initiated to detect what problems they face and to find solutions to the problem. In an
attempt to improve students performance, the teachers collaborated in specifically identifying
the instructional problem.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
CONTEXT ANALYSIS
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
AGE: 8-9 years
NO. OF STUDENTS: Twenty Two (22)
ENTRY COMPETENCIES:
Student should:
Have basic knowledge of calculating Trinidad and Tobago currency up to five dollars.
ACADEMIC BACKGROUND:
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Students:
Exhibit signs of cognitive and affective development that is appropriate for their age.
Are able to show interest and recognize the importance of calculating money and its
relevance to the real world.
LEARNING STYLES:
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
ENVIRONMENT
ORIENTING CONTEXT:
Goal
Students will be able to calculate currency up to twenty dollars with and without change.
Utility
Students need to recognize the practical use of the lesson taught in order for the concept
to hold meaning for them.
Accountability
Students should realize that they are accountable for their own learning.
INSTRUCTIONAL CONTEXT
The classroom has a proper lighting system and is sound proof, resulting in a low noise level.
There are plugs situated on each wall of the class and the students are seated in the traditional
rows in front of the teacher. There is also an air conditioning unit in the class bringing about a
cool atmosphere. Also, there are four empty walls available to hang charts and the students
work.
TRANSFER CONTEXT:
Students will be cool at all times, which would result in them being more concentrated and alert
in class. They will be allowed to help the teacher make and attach charts and activities on the
walls.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Resources: Artificial money, markers, charts, ruler, pencil, sharpener, notebooks, whiteboard,
video, blog, PowerPoint, overhead projector.
Opportunities: Students will have the experience to incorporate the math topic being taught into
buying and selling, with and without change in and around their environment.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Topic Analysis:
The subject being taught is Mathematics and the topic is calculating money up to
twenty dollars with and without change. (FACT).
Students should already know how to calculate up to twenty dollars with and without
change in order to move on to calculating up to one hundred dollars with and without
change, according to the standard two syllabus. Unfortunately, students only know how
to calculate up to five dollars with and without change which will delay their learning of
up to one hundred dollars because the teacher now has to teach them how to calculate up
to twenty dollars with and without change.
PROCEDURAL ANALYSIS
MAJOR STEPS:
Students have to know how to:
1. Recap all coins and bills up to five dollars.
a. Show the students $1, $5 bills (FACT)
b. Tell them a $1, can be four 25c (FACT)
c. Tell the a $5 can be five single dollars (FACT)
d. Generate problem solving activities about change. E.g. accurately calculate
change received from school cafeteria. (PROCEDURE)
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
OBJECTIVES
Given the video of Trinidad and Tobago currency up to twenty dollars students will be
able to differentiate among the Trinidad and Tobago bills up to twenty dollars.
(COGNITIVE)
Given the knowledge of the difference of all the Trinidad and Tobago bills up to twenty
dollars students will be able match the money images to their description.
(PSYCHOMOTOR)
Given the opportunity to work in teams for the activity of matching the money images to
their description students will develop an appreciation for working with others.
(AFFECTIVE)
Given the charts with notes students will be able to identify all Trinidad and Tobago
currency notes up to twenty dollars. (COGNITIVE)
Given the worksheets students will be able to match the Trinidad and Tobago currency
notes up to twenty dollars. (COGNITIVE)
Given the activity students will be able to colour all Trinidad and Tobago currency notes
up to twenty dollars. (PSYCHOMOTOR)
Given the paper money students will be able to identify how much money they have in
hand. (COGNITIVE)
Given the price of the item students will be able to determine if they have enough money
to buy it. (COGNITIVE)
Given the paper money students will be able to count out the exact change or determine
how much change is due. (PSYCHOMOTOR)
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Given the knowledge about the use of money students will be able to appreciate the
importance of calculating money in our daily lives. (AFFECTIVE)
10
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
11
DEVELOPMENT
INSTRUCTIONAL UNIT
Unit Plan
Title Currency in Trinidad and Tobago
Subject rationale:
Mathematics is an activity concerned with logical thinking, spotting patterns, posing
premises and investigating their implications and consequences. It also involves the study of the
properties of numbers and shapes; the relationship between numbers; inductive and deductive
thinking and the formulation of generalizations.
Mathematics is a creation of the human mind and therefore becomes primarily a way of
thinking thus facilitating problem-solving.
Mathematical content is sequential in nature. There is a hierarchy of concepts and skills
on which each major area of mathematics can be built. The proper ordering of mathematical
content for teachers and learners is critical to mathematical achievement.
Topic rationale
Money is the one commodity in life that each individual must experience as a part of life.
It is an important resource, which can be used to accelerate understanding in number concepts
and skills, in relation to real life situations. It can be used to develop proper attitudes and values
in pupils as they study its purpose in society and its historical, cultural and international
perspectives.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
12
Discussion
Basic math and money concepts utilized the Early Years classroom set the foundation for
learning more advanced math and money concepts. Early exposure to money activities will
promote your childs comfort with these skills. Also, additional opportunities to practice these
skills will increase your childs confidence when working with money in the social environment.
Brainstorming:
Prior knowledge plays an important role in learning. Students use their experience to
understand and appreciate a situation. Teaching students how to calculate money by using real
life examples they would understand the concept since they would be able to relate to it.
Class Information
Class: Standard Two
Number of students: Nineteen (22)
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Previous knowledge
Identify the
currency of
Trinidad and
Tobago
Objectives
Students
will:
Refer to the
Blog to
differentiate
among the
Trinidad and
Tobago bills
up to twenty
dollars.
Teaching/learning
Activities
Teachers would
explain how to
use the blog to
enable students
to match the
money images to
their description
Using a power
point presentation
the teacher would
guide the students
into accurately
identify the
currency
The students
would listen and
look at the video
displaying the
images of the
currency
Resources
Assessment
(Must be linked to
objectives)
Blog
Video
Power point
Worksheet based
on the different
symbols and
colours that are
present on the
currency
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Identify the
currency of
Trinidad and
Tobago
Addition and
Subtraction
using money
up to twenty
dollars
14
Students
will be able
to
differentiate
among the
Trinidad and
Tobago bills
up to twenty
dollars.
Identify the
importance
of money
and why do
we need to
add and
subtract
money.
Work sheet
The teacher
Charts
display
Uncolored
specimens of
Trinidad and
Trinidad currency Tobago
notes.
currency notes
up to twenty
Students are
dollars
required to color
Colored
the notes on the
pencils
sheet using
Pencils
crayons or
Crayons
colored pencils.
Exercise
books
Display some
addition and
subtraction
problems with
explanations and
answers to the
problems.
Questioning base
on the items
found in the
school cafeteria.
Brainstorming
exercise;
worksheets for
students to
complete to
ensure that they
understand the
topic
Power Point.
Chart
depicting
application
of addition
and
subtraction of
money.
Pupils will
complete
worksheet
involving
Addition and
Subtraction using
money up to twenty
dollars
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Lesson Plans
Lesson #1: Technology Integrated Lesson
USE OF ROBLYERS TIP MODEL THE BLOG
Date: 11th November 2014
Class: Standard Two
No. of Students: Twenty Two (22)
Age Range: 8-9 years
Purpose
Phase 1: (Why use technology)
The students have already learnt how to identify Trinidad and Tobago currency up to five
dollars. I created a blog where all of the class content was added to for students to have as a
reference after the class is finished because students always need references after a lesson. I
decided to use a video showing the students images of the bills (front and back) and I also added
audio to the video because my class is made up of both visual and auditory learners. This video
teaches the students the different colors and watermarks of the different Trinidad and Tobago
bills up to twenty dollars. I create a PowerPoint presentation to teach the lesson which was also
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
16
added to the blog. The video was added to the PowerPoint in case the internet was to fail on the
day of the class.
CONTENT
Phase 2: Objectives and Assessments
Previous Knowledge:
Students know how to identify Trinidad and Tobago currency up to five dollars.
Objectives:
Given the video of Trinidad and Tobago currency up to twenty dollars students will be
able to differentiate among the Trinidad and Tobago bills up to twenty dollars.
(cognitive)
Given the knowledge of the difference of all the Trinidad and Tobago bills up to twenty
dollars students will be able match the money images to their description. (psychomotor)
Given the opportunity to work in teams for the activity of matching the money images to
their description students will develop an appreciation for working with others.
(affective)
The students will be given the chance to look at the video at least three times to make sure
learning has taken place. This will give them a clear idea of how to distinguish the differences
between the different bills.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Internet
Blog
Whiteboard
Projector
Worksheet
Pencil
Eraser
Description of Classroom:
The classroom:
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
18
Is well ventilated.
Set Induction:
The teacher will walk into the class checking money and flaunting it for the students to
ask questions about the money.
CONTENT
TEACHER ACTIVITY
Section 1
The teacher will:
Refer students to the blog.
1. Give the students
http://ttcurrency.blogspot.com/
instructions about how
to log on to the blog.
2. Project the blog on the
whiteboard.
Section 2
Lesson: Note via PowerPoint
STUDENT ACTIVITY
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Section 3
Video: Recap of the lesson
19
Closure:
1. The Trinidad and Tobago one dollar bill is pink and it has the Coat of Arms and Scarlet
Ibis as its watermark.
2. The Trinidad and Tobago five dollar bill is green and has the Coat of Arms and Mot Mot
as its watermark.
3. The Trinidad and Tobago ten dollar bill is grey and has the Coat of Arms and Cocrico as
its watermark.
4. The Trinidad and Tobago twenty dollar bill is purple and has the Coat of Arms and
Humming Bird as its watermark.
Assessment: Questioning
1. What color is the Trinidad and Tobago one dollar bill?
2. What watermark does the one dollar bill have?
3. What color is the Trinidad and Tobago five dollar bill?
4. What watermark does the five dollar bill have?
5. What color is the Trinidad and Tobago ten dollar bill?
6. What watermark does the ten dollar bill have?
7. What color is the Trinidad and Tobago twenty dollar bill?
8. What watermark does the twenty dollar bill have?
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Lesson Plan #2
Section A:
Date: 11th November 2014
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Money
Lesson: Distinguishing between the different Trinidad and Tobago Bills
Class: Standard 2
Time: 25-30mins.
No. Present:
Section B:
Objectives:
Given the charts with notes students will be able to identify all Trinidad and Tobago
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Given the worksheets students will be able to match the Trinidad and Tobago currency notes
Given the activity students will be able to colour all Trinidad and Tobago currency notes up
Resources
Charts
Colored pencils
Pencils
Crayons
Exercise books
Previous Knowledge:
Students are familiar with the one dollar and five dollar note of Trinidad and Tobago.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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space to hang charts, students work and other printed text. There are two white boards in the
classroom. The classroom consists of students with visual, bodily kinaesthetic and tactile
learners.
Section C:
CONTENT
DESCRIPTION OF
DESCRIPTION OF PUPIL
TEACHING STRATEGIES
ACTIVITIES
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Section D:
Closure
Toss Around By tossing a ball around the class from one student to another. The students are
required to catch the ball then verbally share one thing they learn in class today.
Assessment
Exit cards
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Lesson Plan #3
Section A
Date: 11th November 2014
Class: Standard Two
No. of Students: twenty-two (22)
Age Range: 8-9 years
Boys: 10
Girls: 12
Section B
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Money (Buying and Selling up to twenty dollars)
Lesson Title: Addition and Subtraction using money up to twenty dollars.
Previous Knowledge / Experiences:
Students would have been introduced to the types of money from one twenty dollars.
Students should have known to distinguish the different money from one twenty
dollars.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Objectives:
Given the paper money students will be able to identify how much money they have in
hand. (COGNITIVE)
Given the price of the item students will be able to determine if they have enough money
to buy it. (COGNITIVE)
Given the paper money students will be able to count out the exact change or determine
how much change is due. (PSYCHOMOTOR)
Given the knowledge about the use of money students will be able to appreciate the
importance of calculating money in our daily lives. (AFFECTIVE)
Resources:
Empty food cans and cereal boxes used for buying and selling
Worksheets
Whiteboard
Marker
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Classroom should be spacious for both students and teachers to work comfortably as well
as for resources example charts, concrete materials.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Section C
Content
Section One
o Set Induction
o Recap of the previous
lesson: the different
types of money from
($1- 20) and their
respective names eg.
One, Five, Ten, Twenty
dollars.
o Brief Introduction:
Identify the importance
of money and why do
we need to add and
subtract money.
Description of teaching
strategies
Teacher presents the topic:
Question:
1. Ask students why do
they think money is
important?
2. Teacher presents the
lesson to students
using power point
which will include the
content of the lesson.
The importance
of money
How to buy and
sell things
using money up
to twenty
dollars through
problems of
addition and
subtraction.
Description of pupils
activities
Pupils will:
1. Students will pay
attention and
respond
accordingly.
2. Students will
participate in the
discussion about
money.
3. Students ask
questions where
necessary.
1. Teacher provides
resources to students
such as paper money,
items (empty cans and
boxes) and name tags
with the prices for each
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
28
item.
2. Teacher ask students
questions base on the
items for example can
you buy two boxes of
cereal that cost $5 each
and how much change
can you get from $20 if
you buy two boxes of
cereal?
1.
Teacher distributes a
worksheet for students
to complete to ensure
that
the
students
understood the topic.
1. Students answer
questions on the
worksheet that was
given to them.
Students should know how to calculate money up to twenty dollars using addition and
subtraction.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Assessment:
Observe each student during the lesson and determine whether they are having an
understanding of the topic through answering of questions during the lesson in class.
At the end of the lesson students will be given a worksheet on addition and subtraction of
money to determine whether the children understood the topic.
Theoretical Underpinnings:
Based on Deweys theory, the children will have the opportunity to experience the learning and
express their understanding from the activities provided.
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
30
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
This implementation plan was created using the CLER Method as outlined in the Morrison, Ross
and Kemp Instructional Design Model.
CONFIGURATION
The primary relationships for this instruction is the Teacher designer, and the School, both of
which form part of the institutional configuration. The students form a sub culture group and the
Principal and Vice Principal is another sub culture group.
LINKAGES
The teacher is part of the management group linkages. The informal linkage will be when the
teacher went into the stationary store and met with the sales man to purchase resources that she
will need for the students.
ENVIRONMENT
The environment created by the teacher is a constructivist environment. The teacher is the
facilitator and guides the students as they complete their project.
RESOURCES
This instruction requires the following resources:
Conceptual resources - video, multimedia projector, DVD player facilities
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Material resources - charts, whiteboard, eraser, pencil, work sheet, marker, specimen currency
notes of Trinidad and Tobago ($1-$20) concrete materials, empty food cans and cereal boxesused for buying and selling, name tags between ($1-$20), exercise books, crayons, coloured
pencils,
good
very good
excellent
2. Do you think you will be able to accurately calculate your money after this lesson?
Yes
No
3. How confident are you in handling your money after this lesson?
Fair
good
4. Other comments
very good
excellent
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
32
Appendix 1
Link to blog: http://ttcurrency.blogspot.com/
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
33
Tr inidad and
Tobago Bil l s up
t o Twent y
Dol l ar s
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
ASSESSMENT
1. What color is the Trinidad and Tobago one
dollar bill?
PINK
2. What watermark does the one dollar bill
have?
COAT OF ARMS & SCARLET IBIS
34