13-92 Water is heated by solar-heated hot air in a heat exchanger.

The mass flow rates and the inlet

temperatures are given. The outlet temperatures of the water and the air are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The heat exchanger is well-insulated so that heat loss
to the surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the
cold fluid. 3 Changes in the kinetic and potential energies of fluid streams are negligible. 4 The overall heat
transfer coefficient is constant and uniform.
Properties The specific heats of the water and air are given to be 4.18 and 1.01 kJ/kg.C, respectively.
Analysis The heat capacity rates of the hot and cold fluids are
h C ph (0.3kg / s)(1010 J / kg. C) 303 W/ C
Ch m

c C pc (0.1 kg / s)(4180 J / kg. C) 418 W/ C

Cc m
Therefore, Cmin Cc 303 W/ C

and C

Cmin 303

0.725
Cmax 418

Then the maximum heat transfer rate becomes

Q
C (T T )
max

min

h,in

Cold Water
22C
0.1 kg/s

c ,in

(303 W/C)(90 C - 22 C) 20,604 kW

The heat transfer surface area is

As DL ( )(0.012m)(12m) 0.45 m 2
Then the NTU of this heat exchanger becomes
NTU

Hot Air
90C
0.3 kg/s

UA s
(80 W/m 2 .C) (0.45 m 2 )

0.119
C min
303 W/C

The effectiveness of this counter-flow heat exchanger corresponding to C = 0.725 and NTU = 0.119 is
determined using the relation in Table 13-5 to be
1 exp[ NTU (1 C)]
1 exp[ 0119
. (1 0.725)]

0108
.
1 C exp[ NTU (1 C)] 1 0.725 exp[ 0119
. (1 0.725)]
Then the actual rate of heat transfer becomes
Q Q
(0.108)(20,604 W) 2225.2 W
max

Finally, the outlet temperatures of the cold and hot fluid streams are determined to be
Q
2225 .2 W
Q C c (Tc,out Tc,in )
Tc,out Tc,in
22 C
27.3 C
Cc
418 W / C
Q
2225 .2 W
Q C h (Th,in Th,out )
Th,out Th,in
90 C
82.7 C
Ch
303 W/C

13-94E Oil is cooled by water in a double-pipe heat exchanger. The overall heat transfer coefficient of this
heat exchanger is to be determined using both the LMTD and NTU methods.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The heat exchanger is well-insulated so that heat loss
to the surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the
cold fluid. 3 Changes in the kinetic and potential energies of fluid streams are negligible. 4 The thickness
of the tube is negligible since it is thin-walled.
Properties The specific heats of the water and oil are given to be 1.0 and 0.525 Btu/lbm.F, respectively.
Analysis (a) The rate of heat transfer is
Q m C (T
T
) (5 lbm/s)(0.5 25 Btu/lbm. F)(300 105 F) 511.9 Btu/s
h

ph

h ,in h,out

The outlet temperature of the cold fluid is

Q m c C pc (Tc,out Tc,in )
Tc,out Tc,in

Q
511 .9 Btu/s
70 F
240 .6F

mc C pc
(3 lbm/s)(1.0 Btu/lbm. F)

The temperature differences between the two

fluids at the two ends of the heat exchanger are
T1 Th,in Tc,out 300 F 240.6 F = 59.4 F

T2 Th,out Tc,in 105 F 70 F = 35 F

The logarithmic mean temperature difference is
T1 T2
59 .4 35
Tlm

46 .1F
ln( T1 / T2 ) ln(59 .4/35)

Cold Water
70F
3 lbm/s
Hot Oil
300F
5 lbm/s

Then the overall heat transfer coefficient becomes

Q
511.9 Btu/s
Q = UA s Tlm
U =
=
= 2.12 Btu/s.ft 2 .F
As Tlm (1 / 12 m )( 20 ft)(46.1 F)
(b) The heat capacity rates of the hot and cold fluids are
h C ph (5 lbm / s)(0.525 Btu / lbm. F) 2.625 Btu / s. F
Ch m

c C pc (3 lbm / s)(1.0 Btu / lbm. F) 3.0 Btu / s. F

Cc m
Therefore, Cmin Ch 2.625 Btu / s. F

and C

Cmin 2.625

0.875
Cmax
3.0

Then the maximum heat transfer rate becomes

Q max Cmin (Th,in Tc,in ) (2.625 Btu / s. F)(300 F- 70 F) 60375
. Btu / s
The actual rate of heat transfer and the effectiveness are
Q Ch (Th,in Th,out ) (2.625 Btu / s. F)(300 F-105 F) 5119
. Btu / s
Q

5119
.

0.85
Qmax 603.75
The NTU of this heat exchanger is determined using the relation in Table 13-3 to be
1
1
0.85 1
1

NTU
ln
ln

4.28
C 1 C 1 0.875 1 0.85 0.875 1
The heat transfer surface area of the heat exchanger is
As DL (1 / 12 ft)(20 ft) 5.24 ft 2
UAs
NTU C min (4.28)( 2.625 Btu/s.F)
and
NTU

2.14 Btu/s.ft 2 .F
2
C min
As
5.24 ft

105F

13-99 Ethyl alcohol is heated by water in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The heat transfer surface area of
the heat exchanger is to be determined using both the LMTD and NTU methods.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The heat exchanger is well-insulated so that heat loss
to the surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the
cold fluid. 3 Changes in the kinetic and potential energies of fluid streams are negligible. 4 The overall heat
transfer coefficient is constant and uniform.
Properties The specific heats of the ethyl alcohol and water are given to be 2.67 and 4.19 kJ/kg.C,
respectively.
Analysis (a) The temperature differences between the
two fluids at the two ends of the heat exchanger are
Water
T1 Th,in Tc,out 95 C 70 C = 25 C
95C
T2 Th,out Tc,in 60 C 25 C = 35 C
The logarithmic mean temperature difference and the
correction factor are
T1 T2
25 35
Tlm,CF

29 .7C
ln( T1 / T2 ) ln( 25 /35)

70C
Alcohol
25C
2.1 kg/s

t 2 t1 70 25

2-shell pass

0.64
8
tube passes
T1 t1 95 25

F 0.93
T T
95 60
60C
R 2 1
0.78

t1 t1
70 25
The rate of heat transfer is determined from
c C pc (Tc,out Tc,in ) (2.1 kg / s)(2.67 kJ / kg. C)(70 C 25 C) 252.3 kW
Q m
P

The surface area of heat transfer is

Q = UA s Tlm
As

Q
252.3 kW
=
= 11.4 m 2
2
UF Tlm 0.8 kW/m .C)( 0.93)( 29 .7C)

(b) The rate of heat transfer is

c C pc (Tc,out Tc,in ) (2.1 kg / s)(2.67 kJ / kg. C)(70 C 25 C) 252.3 kW
Q m
The mass flow rate of the hot fluid is

252 .3 kW

1.72 kg/s
C ph (Th,in Th,out) (4.19 kJ/kg. C)(95C 60C)
The heat capacity rates of the hot and the cold fluids are
C h m h C ph (1.72 kg/s)(4.1 9 kJ/kg. C) 7.21 kW/ C
h C ph (Th,in Th,out ) m
h
Q m

C c m c C pc (2.1 kg/s)(2.6 7 kJ/kg. C) 5.61 kW/ C

Therefore, Cmin Cc 5.61W/C and C

Cmin 5.61

0.78
Cmax 7.21

Then the maximum heat transfer rate becomes

Q max C min (Th,in Tc,in ) (5.61 W/C)(95 C 25C) 392 .7 kW

Q
252 .3

0.64
Qmax 392 .7
The NTU of this heat exchanger corresponding to this emissivity and C = 0.78 is determined from Fig. 1326d to be NTU = 1.7. Then the surface area of heat exchanger is determined to be
UAs
NTU C min (1.7)(5.61 kW/ C)
NTU

As

11.9 m2
C min
U
0.8 kW/m 2 .C
The small difference between the two results is due to the reading error of the chart.
The effectiveness of this heat exchanger is

13-121 Air is to be heated by hot oil in a cross-flow heat exchanger with both fluids unmixed. The
effectiveness of the heat exchanger, the mass flow rate of the cold fluid, and the rate of heat transfer are to
be determined.
.Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The heat exchanger is well-insulated so that heat loss
to the surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the
cold fluid. 3 Changes in the kinetic and potential energies of fluid streams are negligible. 4 The overall heat
transfer coefficient is constant and uniform.
Properties The specific heats of the air and the oil are given to be 1.006 and 2.15 kJ/kg.C, respectively.
Analysis (a) The heat capacity rates of the hot and cold fluids are
C h m h C ph 0.5m c (2.15 kJ/kg. C) = 1.075 m c
Oil
C c m c C pc m c (1.006 kJ/kg. C) = 1.006 m c
80C
c
Therefore, Cmin Cc 1.006m
and

c
Cmin 1.006 m

0.936

Cmax 1.075 mc

The effectiveness of the heat

exchanger is determined from
C c (Tc,out Tc,in ) 58 18
Q

0.645

C c (Th,in Tc,in ) 80 18
Qmax

Air
18C

(b) The NTU of this heat exchanger is expressed as

UAs
(0.750 kW/ C) 0.7455
NTU

C min
1.006 m c
m c
The NTU of this heat exchanger can also be determined from
ln C ln(1 ) 1
ln 0.936 ln(1 0.645 ) 1
NTU

3.724
C
0.936
Then the mass flow rate of the air is determined to be
UAs
(0.750 kW/ C)
NTU

3.724

m c 0.20 kg/s
C min
1.006 m c
(c) The rate of heat transfer is determined from
C (T
Q m
T ) (0.20 kg/s)(1.0 06 kJ/kg. C)(58 - 18) C 8.05 kW
c

pc

c,out

c,in

58C