Table of Contents:

i.

Principle

ii.

Objective

iii. Background:

Fouriers law of Heat Conduction

iv. Apparatus:

Linear heat conduction equipment:

Radial heat conduction equipment:

v.

Procedure

vi . discussion
vii. references

Principle:
A heat source placed in a material causes temperature changes due to heat
conduction.
The relationship between temperature and the distance from the heat source must
be
linear after some time in the case of linear heat conduction and it must have a
logarithmic distribution in the case of radial heat conduction.

Objective:
The experiment demonstrates heat conduction in three different experimental
models. It
allows us to obtain experimentally the coefficient of thermal conductivity of some
unknown materials and in this way, to understand the factors and parameters that
affect
the rates of heat transfer.

Background:
Fouriers law of Heat Conduction :
A general statement of the Fouriers law is: The conduction heat flux in a specified
direction equals the negative of the product of the medium thermal conductivity
and the
temperature derivative in that direction .In Cartesian coordinates, with temperature
varying in the x direction only

IIn cylindrical or spherical cordinates, with temperature varying in the r

direction only,

Figure 1.1 shows a cylindrical shell of length L, with inner radius r1 and outer
radius r2..
The inner surface is maintained at temperature T1 and the outer surface is
maintained at temperature T2. An elemental control volume is located

between radii r and r+?r. If temperatures are unchanging in time and Qv =

0, the energy conservation principle requires that the heat flow across the
face at r equal that at the face r+?r

that is ,

Dividing by 2(pi)kL and assuming that the conductivity k is independent of

temperature gives,

Apparatus & discussion:

1-Linear heat conduction equipment:
- the heat conduction study bench model FF105

-homogeneous and composite bar

The cross sectional area is Ac=(pi)R^2 where R is the radius of the bar, and
the perimeter P =2(pi)R. Both Ac and R are uniform, that is, they do not vary
along the bar in the x direction. The energy conservation principle is applied
to an element of the bar located between x and x + ? x. Heat can enter and
leave the
element by conduction along the bar and can also be lost by convection from
the surface of the element to the ambient fluid at temperature Te. The
surface area of the element is

graphical representation of composite system:

2- Radial heat conduction equipment:

- circular metal plate

procedure :
1- connect the power cable of the radial test unit to the display unit .
2- insert the thermocouples to thier respected slots .
3- turn on the equipment by turning the main power knob at clockwise
direction.
4- set the water flow at 1.4 L/min .
5- by looking at the display, press the ESC button and then the F2 button is
to choose radial test unit
6- switch on the heater by pressing the heater switch and set the power knob
for 10 W by checking the display unit .
7- wait until the steady state achieved
8- the temperature, thermal conductivity and other information record
properly.
References:

CHOI S., Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles,

ASME Fed 231, New York, 1995.

A.. Mills,, Basic Heat and Mass Transfer, Richard D.Irwic INC, Los
Angeles, USA, 1995.

lab manual