Group 10

Trillana, Geniva J.
Uchida, Sayaka C.
Valiente, Shannen P.
Velches, Manna Angelica F.
Vicente, Jaron Calvin B.

To determine the sensitivity and resistance of

microorganisms to Nystatin
To evaluate statistically the antimicrobial
activity by measuring the zone of inhibition
To identify the trend of the antibiotic dilution
or concentration vs. the zone of inhibition

Agar Diffusion Test

-direct treatment of antibiotic to the
spread plated microorganism
The size of the zone of inhibition will
determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic
in each microorganism
The higher the concentration, the larger the
zone of inhibition
Strong antibiotic can already inhibit growth at
low concentration

Fungal infections are found anywhere in the

body. (skin, nail, mouth, and vagina)

Candida is one of the most common fungus that

The over growth of Candida in the mouth and

vagina is called thrush.

thrives in humans body.

Some fungi can also affect the lungs and other

organs like Aspergillus
People with low immune system or have
HIV/AIDS have more risk in developing these
diseases.

Antifungal antibiotic which is both fungistatic and

fungicidal in vitro against a variety of yeasts and
yeast-like fungi

Obtained by fermentation using certain strains of

Contains mainly of tetraenes

Streptomyces noursei

practically insoluble in water, alcohol, and in

chloroform,
it
is
freely
soluble
in
dimethylformamide and in dimethyl sulfoxide, it is
slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol
and in n-propyl alcohol

poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal

tract
polyene antifungal antibiotic used for the
prophylaxis and treatment of candidiasis of
the skin and mucous membranes
treatment for intestinal or esophageal
candidiasis, lesion of the mouth, for
prophylaxis of intestinal candidiasis and
some vaginal infections

The Nystatin used is orally suspended.

Nystatin is not absorbed through the gut into
the body.
There are few reported side-effects (liver
problems) in taking Nystatin.

Taken only a few days for thrush treatment.

Nystatin may reactions if taken while having
other medications.

Also
called
candidiasis

oral

pseudomembranous

Fungal infection of the mouth commonly

present in denture wearers, infants, and
people with weak immune system

Caused by Candida albicans

- a yeast normally present in the mouth in
small quantities and kept in balance by helpful
bacteria in the body

S. aureus
-bacteria
-examined for any Nystatin extension

purpose
-has low sucrose content on its
membrane

P. aeruginosa

-bacteria
-examined for any Nystatin extension
purpose
-associated to Candida via the Ventilator
Associated Pneumonia (VAP) which was
successfully treated by antifungal

A. niger
-fungus
-examined to confirm the antifungal

property of Nystatin

Oral Cavity
-examined to confirm the Candida
inhibition of Nystatin
-mix-culture biofilm
-identity is unknown

Nystatin and Amphotericin B have same

mechanisms. They bind to ergosterol

Nystatin acts by binding to sterols in the cell

membrane of the fungus which interferes in
the membrane permeability, exhibits no
appreciable activity against bacteria.
Ergosterol is only present in fungi
Nystatin forms pores in the membrane that
lead to K+ leakage, acidification and eventual
death to the fungus.

Make nutrient agar

and nutrient broth

Prepare nutrient agar

for spread plate
technique

Inoculate test
microorganisms
from inoculum to the
broth media

Incubate for 24
hours and observe
growth after

Incubate petri dishes

for 24 hours

Transfer the inoculum

from the broth media to
the prepared nutrient
agar via streak plate
method

Dilute antibiotics
used to 1:1, 1:2
1:4,1:10

To the petri dish

inoculated via spread
plate method, spot
diluted solution

Incubate petri
dishes for 24 hours

Compute for the

mean of the zone of
inhibition of each
test organism

Measure the diameter

of the zone of
inhibition using the
vernier caliper

Check for zones of

inhibition

NO inhibition
Because of low or no
sucrose content

NO inhibition

1
0.8
(mm)

Zone of Inhibition

S. Aureus

0.6

0.4
0.2
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Antibiotic Dilution

Theoretical Result

Actual Result

1.2

There will be inhibition

There will be a trend
-the higher the
concentration of the
antibiotic, the larger the
zone of inhibition
Due to the Ventilator
Associated Pneumonia
(VAP), a disease caused
by Pseudomonas, were
treated with antifungal
and was successful

Theoretical

The are inhibitions

There is no trend

Actual

Zone of Inhibition

Theoretical

There are inhibitions

A. niger
6
4
(mm)

There will be inhibition

Fungus, Nystatin is
antifungal
There will be trend
-the higher the
concentration, the larger
the zone of inhibition

2
0
0

Actual

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Antibiotic Dilution

1.2

Dilution

A. niger 1

A. niger 2

Mean

1:1

1:2

1:4

1:10

1.8

4.55

3.175

5.25

3.45

4.35

4.15

0.8

2.475

3.05

1.525

Results (A. niger)

On the 2nd trial for A. niger, there was a trend
observe. The higher the concentration, the
larger the zone of inhibition

There is inhibition
Dental plaque is
considered mix-culture
biofilm

Oral Cavity
Zone of Inhibition

In the presence of
Candida, there will be
inhibition
There will be a trend
High sucrose content
because taken from
dental plaque

0.2

(mm)

0.1

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Antibiotic Dilution

Theoretical

Actual

1.2

Nystatin
-used as antibiotic
-to determine its effectiveness to the
microorganisms
Nutrient Agar and Broth
-to grow the microorganisms

Impact of nystatin on Candida and the oral

microbiome
by: Christopher D Hingston, Emma J
Hingston, and Matt P Wise

-antifungal treatment for Candida

associated with the Ventilator Associated
Pneumonia (VAP), a disease caused by

Pseudomonas.

Some Effects of Nystatin on the Growth of

Four Aspergillus Species
by: VALERIE C. STANLEY AND MARY P.
ENGLISH

-comparison study of Aspergillus spp.

which resulted to the A. niger with a slower
inhibition rate than the other Aspergillus spp.