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0,
(1) ,
2
>2
2. Resolver la ecuacin
4 4 ( ) + 8 3 ( ) + ( ) = tan (
1
)
2
3 sen() ,
0,
0 2
> 2
Soluciones
1. Primero expresamos la funcin por ramas en trminos
de la funcin escaln unitario (Funcin de Heaviside),
recordemos que esta se define como:
( ) = {
0,
1,
<0
0
0,
1,
<
2
=
( + 1)
Entonces
2
()[ + 4 + 4] 3 =
( + 1)
2
()( + 2
() =
)2
2
=
++3
( + 1)
3
+
+
( + 1)( + 2)2 ( + 2)2 ( + 2)2
=
+
+
( + 1)( + 2)2 + 1 + 2 ( + 2)2
1 = ( + 2)2 + ( + 1)( + 2) + ( + 1)
0 = 2 ( + ) + (4 + 3 + ) + 4 + 2 + 1
Con ello formamos el sistema
+ =0
4 + 3 + = 0
4 + 2 + 1 = 0
Al resolverlo se obtiene la sgte igualdad
= = = 1
As
1
1
1
1
=
=
+
( + 2)2 + 2 ( + 2)2
= ( + 2) +
0 = ( 1) + 2 +
Donde
=1
= 2
Hasta aqu, se cumplira lo sgte
() =
2
( + 1)
() =
2
( + 2)
2
( + 1)
2)2
( +
2
( + 2)
1
2
3
+
2
( + 2)2
+ 2 ( + 2)
2
( + 2)
+
2
1
1
+
+ 2 ( + 2)2
2
2
2
1
1
(
) (
) (
)
( + 1)
( + 2)
( + 2)2
+ 1 (
1
+2
) + 1 (
( + 2)2
1 1 2
1 1 2
1 1 2
() = (
) (
) (
)
( + 2)2
+1
+2
+ 1 (
1
+2
) + 1 (
( + 2)2
entonces
1 (
1
1
1
1
)
=
(
)
(
)
( + 2)2
+2
+2
1
= 2 2
= 2 2()
0
= 2 = 2 = 2
0
Para resolver 1 (
2
+1
0
2
) y 1 (
+2
) aplicamos el 2do
teorema de traslacin:
2
(
) = ( 2) (2)
+1
2
(
) = ( 2) 2(2)
+2
2
) debemos
+2)2
Para resolver 1 ((
utilizar el resultado
2
(
) = ( 2) 2(2) ( 2)
2
( + 2)
+2
) es
inmediata.
1 (
1
) = 2
+2
1
3
4
+
8
+
=
tan
(
)
2
2
1
1
=
= 2
=
= 2
2
=
(
)
=
(
)
=
( )
2
= ( 2 ) 2 = ( 2 ) 2
2
2
= (2
+ 2 2 ) 2 = 4 2 + 2 3
3
2
(
+
2
)
+
(
)
+
=
tan
(
)
4
2
2
2 8 8
4 2+
+ = tan ( )
2
2
4 2 + = tan ( )
2
Su ecuacin homognea es
4 + = 0
la ecuacin caracterstica asociada a su homognea:
7
42 + 1 = 0
=
2
As
() = sen ( ) + cos ( )
2
2
Usando MVP (Mtodo de Variacin de Parmetros),
encontrare la solucin particular, que es de la forma:
() = 1 ()1 () + 2 ()2 ()
= 1 () sen ( ) + 2 () cos ( )
2
2
De acuerdo a la ecuacin:
= tan ( )
4 4
2
1 () sen ( ) + 2 () cos ( ) = 0
2
2
1
As
cos ( )
2
|1
1
|
tan ( ) sen ( )
4
2
2
2
1 () =
sen ( )
cos ( )
2
2
|1
1
|
cos ( ) sen ( )
2
2
2
2
1
tan ( ) cos ( )
4
2
2
=
1
sen2 ( ) cos2 ( )
2
2
2
2
1
sen ( )
4
2
=
1
(sen2 ( ) + cos2 ( ))
2
2
2
1
= sen ( )
2
2
0
entonces
1
1 () = ( sen ( )) = cos ( )
2
2
2
sen ( )
0
2
|1
1
|
cos ( )
tan ( )
2
2
4
2
2 () =
sen ( )
cos ( )
2
2
|1
1
|
cos ( ) sen ( )
2
2
2
2
tan ( ) sen ( )
4
2
2
=
1
(sen2 ( ) + cos2 ( ))
2
2
2
1
= tan ( ) sen ( )
2
2
2
As
2
1
1 sen (2)
2 () = ( tan ( ) sen ( )) =
2
2
2
2 cos ( )
2
1 cos2 ( )
1
2 )
= (
2
cos ( )
2
1
= [ sec ( ) cos ( ) ]
2
2
2
2
Entonces
() = 1 () sen ( ) + 2 () cos ( )
2
2
10
11
3. Sea
( ) = {
3 sen() ,
0,
0 2
> 2
0,
3 sen() ,
0 2
> 2
3
3 {sen( ) ( 2)}
2 + 1
3
()[ 2 + 4] = 2
3{sen( ) ( 2)}
+1
2 () + 4 () =
entonces:
sen( ) = sen(( 2) + 2)
= sen( 2) cos(2) + sen(2) cos( 2)
= sen( 2)
As
{sen( ) ( 2)} = {sen( 2) ( 2)}
2
= 2
+1
De modo que
3
3 2
()[ + 4] = 2
+ 1 2 + 1
2
3
3 2
( ) = 2
( + 1)( 2 + 4) ( 2 + 1)( 2 + 4)
()
1
2
1
1
= ( 2
) ( 2
)
( + 1)( 2 + 4)
( + 1)( 2 + 4)
3
==0
= =
1
3
Entonces
( ) =
1
1
2
1
1
{ 2
} { 2
}+ { 2
}
+1
+4
+1
2
{ 2
}
+4
sin(2 )
+ ( 2) sen( 2)
2
1
( 2) sen(2( 2))
2
14