Hy ay Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering ERATE Rs Mechanical Department AS pad 7 June 2014 THN t gig ‘Course Title: Fluid Mechanies-1 Vega Ap 2 al pal 2™ Year ASRS pe ad: Ayal ha ‘Time allowed: 3 hours lek Fs Clay Bae Five marks will be added for neat answers or five marks will be subtracted from unclean answers ‘Question One: . Answer the following questions a. Show with the aid of Neat sketches how you can measure the flow rate in a pipe using a Pitot Static tube taking Only One measurement reading, ifthe flow is Laminar. . Show how you can determine the entrance length taking pressure measurement only. ¢. Draw neatly the flow pattern and pressure distribution for a sharp-edged entrance, indicating the entrance loss. 4. Can the Moody chart, developed for round pipes, also be used for noncircular ducts? Explain clearly your answer. IL. Fillin the empty spaces a. The region of flow near where the fluid enters the pipe is termed the ». In Open channels the ----- alone is the driving force. ¢. As the fluid moves through the pipe, viscous effects cause it to stick to the pipe wall; a phenomenon known as ~ 4. The shape of the velocity profile inthe pipe depends on whether the low is ~ flow. f, Flows with very large value of Re, commonly termed ~ and is independent of the ~ g- Minor losses are due to change in - hi, For none circular pipes the hydraulic diameter is Valid only for where f=0(e/D), and change of - the flow. and for circular pipes Dy (15 Marks) Question Two: Two reservoirs have a difference in level of 6 m and are connected by a pipeline which consists of a single 600 mm diameter pipe 3000 m long feeding a junction from which two pipes, each of which is 300 mm diameter and 3000 m long, lead in parallel to the lower reservoir. If' £'= 0.04, what will be the total discharge? Draw neatly on the same graph the Total Energy Line (neglecting all secondary losses) in this case and if one of the two parallel pipes is closed. (15 Marks) yuestion Three: 1. A square tank 2 x 2 m has a bottom formed as half of a cylinder. The water height in the tank is 1.5 m above the connection point of the bottom with the vertical side of the tank Caleulate the following: a. The total pressure force on one of the vertical sides of the tank and its line of action. b. The total pressure force on the curve forming the half of the cylindrical bottom, its direction and line of action. Th, Check the stability of a rectangular pantoon (45 Jshe) of dimensions 4 x 2 m and 1.5 m high with a flat bottom, The specific gravity of the pantoon is 0.8. (15 Marks) plated 8 Bape 8) & hod cimaes ast! 2Question Four: I. A covered cylindrical vessel of radius 0.6 m and height 1m is 80% full with a liquid of specific gravity 0.9 and is rotating about its centerline at a speed of N rpm. a, Calculate the maximum speed Ni before any part of the cover start to be uncovered. b. Ifthe speed is doubled than Ni, calculate the force on cover. Sketch the liquid surface during rotation in both cases. IL. Give reasons for: ‘a, The Juice Cans cannot be completely filled with juice. b. The oil tankers have to fill its tanks with water after deliv ©. The covers of the industrial mixing tanks should be fixed tightly to the mixing vessel. . The large oil and fuel tanks are manufactured as vertical cylindrical tanks, (15 Marks) Question Five ‘a. Explain briefly with the aid of NEAT sketches the difference between measured pressure distribution along the surface of a circular cylinder and that is predicted by the Potential Flow Theory. Draw the measured and predicted pressure Profiles. b. Distinguish between streamlines, pathlines and streaklines. Which one is directly obtained using flow visualization and which one is directly plotted using CFD. When all of these lines coincide with each other. ©. Sketch the pattern of stream lines resulting from the following combined flow fields: Source + Uniform flow {i+ Doublet + Uniform flow ili- Sink + Free vortex 4d. Prove that the stream function (x,y) is constant for the same streamline. fe. Prove that the change in the stream function (x,y) represents the flowrate. f. Considering the flow in the casing of a turbine as combined clockwise free vortex of strength 2 7 m’/s and sink of strength 7 m’/s, Find the stream line equation for y = 2 m//s and find also the pressure variation along this stream line between r mandr=0.5 m. (30 Marks) ev _ du Larva Lov, pS hed 2 Be Hayy uma) & oh 22<¢ ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY June 2014 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Time Allowed: 3 Hrs. MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT (4 nei SECOND YEAR MECHANICAL DESIGN 1-ME243 OPEN-BOOK EXAM ‘Answer the following questions: Question One: (15 Points) a A ductile hot-rolled steel bar has minimum yield strength in tension and compression of 240 MPa. Using the distortion-energy and maximum-shear-stress theories determine the factors of safety for following cases of stresses i x= -32 MPa, oy = 26 MPa, oz=0 i, ox=ay=0z=-60MPa ii, ox=-oy=0z=30MPa b- An ASTM cast iron has minimum ultimate strengths of 170 MPa in tension and 300 MPa in ‘compression. Find the factors of safety using the Modified Mohr theories for the case of stresses, ox=-34MPa, oy=29MPa, z= Question Two (15 points) A 30mm diameter bar has been fabricated and finished by grounding process from an AISI 1050 steel bar S, = 650 MPa and S, =550 MPa, tHe bar is fixed to a rotating jaws as shown in figure (1) a vertical load of BOON is | LI ooo. applied at 300mm from the jaws anda SOKN | horizontal load at the same point as shown, ie 50KN at room temperature. Because of the bar profile the fatigue stress-concentration factor K; = 1.3, find the fatigue factor of safety for 99% Reliability, using the Modified Goodman fatigue line.(the load modification Giang saws Figure 1 factor ke will be consider for bending load) tion Three (15 points) 7 J soox _ ‘Two helical compression coil springs having squared and rt =F = ground ends 6.5mm wire diameter, 9 active cols, § spring | ES 3 = index and free length of 100mm. The two springs are | Ss 2 assembled with a helical extension coil spring having 3mm it == = wire diameter, 8 active coils, 4.5 spring index and 90mm | == free length as shown in Figure 2, if the material used in all 4 : springs has 450MPa shear strength 204GPa modulus of obo an meen elasticity and 80GPa modulus of rigidity. Calculate:~ Vig. 2 a) The compression spring rate