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Scope
This document is primarily intended for use by Caterpillar
and CAT dealer project managers as a ready reference
for the assessment of machine application and haul road
conditions on their project sites. It may also prove useful to
other Caterpillar and Cat dealer personnel and customers
in need of a concise reference tool.
It contains practical benchmarking data that is
achievable with correct and well-managed machine
application. It is also intended to provide guidance
on assessing haul road design and maintenance that
supports sound industry practices.
Contents
3
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
Cost-Per-Ton (CPT)...................................................... 5
Large Wheel Loaders.................................................. 7
Hydraulic Front Shovels............................................ 17
Hydraulic Backhoes................................................. 25
Electric Rope Shovels.............................................. 35
Electric Draglines...................................................... 51
Large Mining Trucks................................................. 63
Motor Graders............................................................ 71
Track-type Tractors................................................... 77
Wheel Dozers............................................................. 91
Wheel Tractor Scrapers........................................... 99
Haul Road Design and Maintenance
Design and Maintenance....................................... 113
Truck Dump Design and Maintenance
Truck Dump Operation............................................ 135
Cat Underground Machines
Underground LHD Loaders.................................... 145
Underground Mining Trucks.................................. 151
Underground Applications..................................... 157
Management Review
Strategies.................................................................. 179
Reference Information
Performance Handbook 39 Specifications......... 189
Mine Site Illustrations............................................ 248
Notes........................................................................... 250
Cost-Per-Ton (CPT)
$0.05 0.07/ton*
Reliable, low cost-per-ton
$0.10 0.15/ton*
Breakout force
and selectivity
Requires:
Long mine life
Electric grid
Hard floor
50-foot face
Well shot material
Clean-up support
Wheel Loader
$0.11 0.16/ton*
Mobility
Requires:
Solid floor
Well shot material
Dry floor
Requires:
Proper face height
Limited tramming
Clean-up support
Mass Excavator
$0.10 0.15/ton*
Breakout force
and selectivity
Requires:
Proper bench height
Limited tramming
Clean-up support
*Estimates Only
Application Benchmarks and Operating Techniques
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
Cycle Times
90 110%
Most Efficient
Pass Match
4 6 passes
Conditions
Favorable to Large
Wheel Loaders
Conditions
Unfavorable to Large
Wheel Loaders
11
Loading:
13
15
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
19
Cycle Times
90 100%
4 6 passes
Conditions
Favorable to
Hydraulic Front
Shovels
Selective digging
Multiple targets
Tight load area
Tough digging
Can work in poor floor conditions
Define dig pattern, L to R or R to L,
and maintain pattern
Conditions
Unfavorable to
Hydraulic Front
Shovels
Excessive tramming
Low benches
Single back-up
21
2. Third/fourth passes:
Load out the center
Double back-up
Tight working envelope
Highly productive
Square set-up & dig
3. Final pass:
Clean up floor
and advance
23
Hauler pre-positions
Hauler positions on swing radius of shovel
Truck spotted on clean floor
Quicker truck exchange time
Clean-up floor between shovel moves
HYDRAULIC BACKHOES
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
HYDRAULIC BACKHOES
27
Hydraulic BackhoeS
Optimal
Bench Height
Cycle Times
80 110%
4 6 passes
Conditions
Favorable
to Hydraulic
Backhoes
Conditions
Unfavorable
to Hydraulic
Backhoes
High benches
Excessive tramming
Unstable benches
Low angle of repose material
29
Hydraulic BackhoeS
ME Set-up (Both "Over the rail" and "Through gate")
Full Reach
Full Reach
Hydraulic BackhoeS
31
MOST PRODUCTIVE
33
Hydraulic Backhoes
Incorrect
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
37
Cycle Times
80 110%
3 5 passes
Recommendations from Manufacturer
Conditions
Favorable to
Electric Rope
Shovels
Conditions
Unfavorable to
Electric Rope
Shovels
Poor underfoot
Low faces
Poorly shot material
Multiple faces
Tail Swing
Tolerance
39
Truck Spotting
Tolerance range
100%
15
103.5%
30
115.4%
45
141.4%
60
200%
41
* As a Percent of Load
43
126%
50
116%
60
107%
70
100%
100
88%
130
77%
180
70%
45
Medium Digging
Tooth Angle 46 48
48 50
Rake Angle 57 59
59 61
Material Digability
Approximate Dipper
Fill Factor
Easy Digging
1.05 1.20
Medium Digging
1.00 1.15
Hard Digging
0.90 1.00
0.80 0.90
Application Benchmarks and Operating Techniques
47
Dig 3
Dig 2
Dig 1
Excavated
Material
#1
Original
Position
#2
New Position
Most Productive
( Lowest Cost-Per-Ton )
49
Dig 5
Dig 4
Dig 6
Dig 2
#1
#3
Most Productive
( Lowest Cost -Per-Ton )
#2
Load placement:
Correct load placement shown here
Observe Caterpillar 10/10/20 Payload Policy
Sideboards are designed to control material spillage not
increase payload
ELECTRIC DRAGLINES
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
53
Electric DraglineS
Excavation methods:
Simple side cast
Chop cut
Extended bench
Pull back
Terrace mining
Multi-seam
55
Electric DraglineS
57
Electric DraglineS
59
Electric DraglineS
Electric DraglineS
61
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
Effectson
onHauling
HaulingCosts
Costs
Effects
65
Loading, 15%
Wear, 2%
Owning, 22%
Maintenance, 3%
Tires, 16%
Drilling, 4%
Support, 14%
Operator, 14%
Blasting, 6%
Fuel, 18%
Hauling, 45%
Repair, 25%
67
Load placement:
Lateral
Centered over hoist cylinders or on body arrow
Longitudinal
Centered on centerline of body
General
No substantial amount of material on headboard. Enough
freeboard to minimize spillage from sides through corners and
for rear of body on grades
Target 33% / 66% payload split on front / rear axles
Exchange time:
69
Durability
Productivity
Number of Loads
80
90 %
85
90
95
100
105
% of Target Payload
SAFETY
10%
110
115
120
MOTOR GRADERS
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
73
Motor Graders
Favorable applications:
75
Motor Graders
Cut
Normal
Properly trained operators use:
Carry
Differential lock
Proper coverage
Wheel lean
Articulated turns
Proper gear selection
Proper ripping practices
Application Benchmarks and Operating Techniques
TRACK-TYPE TRACTORS
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
Track-Type Tractors
79
Favorable applications:
Production dozing (CarryDozer)
Dedicated waste dump operations
Stockpile operations / steep slopes
Haul road construction
Reclamation
Ripping
Track-Type Tractors
81
Dozing Applications
Track-type Tractor
Truck
D9
777
D10
D11
83
track-type tractors
Dozing Applications
track-type tractors
85
Dozing Applications
Berm management
Berm height should not
exceed blade height
Berm should only be high
enough to trap material for
optimum loading
Center berm width should be
one-third the blade width
The smaller the berm, the
easier the disposal for
improved productivity
track-type tractors
87
ripping applications
Ripper position
Begin pass with tip rearward
Pull tip forward after tip penetrates
dozing applications
track-type tractors
89
Ripping Applications
Incorrect
Things to watch for: GET
1.5 2.5 km/hr (1.0 1.5 mph) at two-thirds throttle is
most economical and recommended
Reduce speed in shock and impact conditions
Try cross ripping if material will not free up
Rip in 1st gear
Keep ripper beam parallel to the floor
Do not turn or reverse with shank in the ground
Application Benchmarks and Operating Techniques
WHEEL DOZERS
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
93
Wheel Dozers
Size Comparison
Design Match-Up
Wheel Loader
Wheel Dozer
992K
990H
988H
980H
966F
854K
844H
834H
824H
814F
Wheel Dozer
814H
824H
834H
844H
854K
95
Wheel Dozers
Things to watch for:
Extended
Material
Pass 1
Pass 2
3 Pass
Loading
Departing
Truck
Incoming
Truck
Wheel Dozer
97
Wheel Dozers
Truck
834
773 / 777
844
777 / 785
854
Application Benchmarks
and Operating Techniques
101
Quick loading
High travel speeds
Economic zone of application ranges from 400 meters to 1600 meters
(quarter of a mile to a mile)
Economic advantage greatest on short hauls
Tandem engine, push-pull and auger arrangements do not require
loading tool
Short load times < 1 minute
Do not require spreading tool
Dumps on the run
Can achieve as much as 98% compaction in the fill
103
Load
(fixed time)
Haul
(variable time)
Return haul
(variable time)
Dump
(spread fixed time)
The 631, 637, and 657 G-Series wheel tractor scrapers are
designed and built with components and systems that meet
rugged mining applications.
Features & Benefits
Favorable Applications
Structures
Power train
Operator station
Electronic controls
Scraper bowl
Push-pull arrangement
(637G & 657G)
Auger arrangement
Pre-stripping
Dump area maintenance
Haulroad construction/
maintenance
Reclamation
Ore hauling
Machine Type
Push type
Most often used
Push tractor size important
Push-pull
High production
Increased HP of 2 machines
on 1 cutting edge
Odd number of machines
105
Favorable Applications:
Clay-type overburden
Soft underfoot conditions
Confined areas
High speed / short hauls
Wheel Scraper
Track-Type Tractor
631G
D9 / D10
637G
D9 / D10
657G
D10 / D11
Good
24 30 seconds
Average
36 43 seconds
Application Benchmarks and Operating Techniques
Push-Pull Scrapers
Push-Pull Arrangement
(637G & 657G) Combines the
horsepower of two machines
onto one cutting edge
Self-loading system
Both machines loaded
< 1 minute
Best for moving large amounts
of material quickly, and at the
lowest cost
107
Good
24 30 seconds
Average
36 43 seconds
Push-Pull considerations
109
Rule of Thumb
Engage/Disengage
cushion hitch
Load time in 20 - 50 seconds
Walk out of cut "unassisted"
Carry bowl low to the ground
Haul short / return long
Control loping on travel roads
Don't move dirt twice
Load down hill
Straddle cut
Best compaction:
High speed / thin lifts
Application Benchmarks and Operating Techniques
straddle cut
111
Fill Area
115
Material quality
Design
Maintenance
117
Rules of thumb:
If you can comfortably travel your haul roads at 60 km/h (35 mph)
in a light vehicle, this is an indicator of good haul road conditions
Haul roads begin at the loading face and end at the dump
Maintain good floor conditions approaching and at the dump
Maintain good floor conditions approaching and at the face
Travel at reasonable speeds in the load and dump zones
10 / 1
CROSS FALL
119
Line of Sight
Hazard
On flats
Vertical Curve
Case A
Required Stopping Distance
Sight Distance
Line of Sight
Hazard
Vertical Curve
Case B
On grades
Minimal cross fall is required
unless rainfall is heavy
121
Articulated unit
1
10
Incorrect
U =
FA =
FB =
C =
Z =
Correct
W=2(U+F A+FB+Z)
FB
FA
FB
FA
Single unit
C=Z=(U+F A+FB)/2
123
Road Width
One-way straights and corners
A minimum of 2 2.5 widths is recommended
Two-way traffic
In straights, a minimum of 3 3.5 truck widths
In corners, a minimum of 3.5 4 truck widths
One-way (straights/corners)
Two-way (In straights)
Radius of Turn
Speed in mph
Feet
10
15
50
13.0%
30.0%
20
25
30
35
40
45
100
7.0%
15.0%
27.0%
150
4.0%
10.0%
18.0%
28.0%
200
3.0%
8.0%
13.0%
21.0%
30.0%
300
2.0%
5.0%
9.0%
14.0%
20.0%
27.0%
500
1.0%
3.0%
5.0%
8.0%
12.0%
16.0%
21.0%
27.0%
700
1.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
9.0%
12.0%
15.0%
19.0%
1000
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
11.0%
14.0%
bench width
Things to watch for:
Truck should be able to clear loading tool under full acceleration
Minimum bench width is the truck turning radius plus the safety
berm plus loading tool swing radius (shovels)
Radius
Use maximum practical radius
Keep constant and smooth transitions
Superelevation
Employ if speeds exceed 15 km/h (10 mph) as per
Performance Handbook
Greater than 10% superelevation should be used with caution
Haul Road Design and Maintenance
Drainage
125
wheel height
127
rolling resistance
Tire load
94
inch
Tire Penetration
Bottom :
Good drainage
Good compaction
Good road base material
Compaction
129
10%
160%
0%
140%
Fuel Cost
Production
180%
-10%
120%
100%
-20%
80%
-30%
60%
Production
-40%
40%
-50%
20%
0%
-60%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Rolling Resistance
dust control
Points to Remember
131
The haul road begins at the loading face and ends at the
dump point
Once a road deteriorates, it takes five times as long to repair it to
good condition again. Fix it once, fix it right!
If one can travel comfortably in a light truck at 60 km/h (35 mph),
then road surfaces are good
Good roads improve production, extend tire life and reduce overall
operating costs
133
Points to Remember
Other
8%
Wear
7%
Separation
(heat) 11%
Cut
45%
Impact
29%
Source: Actual data, world-class metal mine
137
Truck Dumps
Truck Dumps
139
Truck Dumps
Truck Dumps
141
Damage indicates:
Pulling through pile
"Pinching" material under tail
Pushing with a dozer
Poor dumping practice can result in rear rib and tail area damage
143
Other
8%
Wear
7%
Separation
(heat) 11%
Cut
45%
Impact
29%
Source: Actual data, world-class metal mine
147
LHD Loaders
Optimal Bench
Height
Cycle Times
90 110%
4 6 passes
Conditions
Favorable to LHD
Loaders
Conditions
Unfavorable to LHD
Loaders
149
Loading:
153
80
90 %
85
90
95
100
105
% of Target Payload
SAFETY
Durability
Productivity
Number of Loads
10%
110
115
120
155
Correct Loading
Incorrect Loading
Incorrect Loading
Load placement:
underground Applications
underground applications
159
underground applications
161
block caving
163
underground applications
truck exchange
165
underground applications
Motor Graders
Motor Graders
Blade angle:
underground applications
167
MOTOR GRADERS
Things to watch for:
Proper blade tip angle:
Moldboard top should be
50mm (2 in.) ahead of cutting
edge on 120M-14M Motor
Graders
Constant tip angle minimizes
cutting edge wear
Proper blade angle:
Use widest possible pass
width
Reduce pass width (increase
angle) if material flows around
leading edge (toe)
Use maximum 10 blade angle
if using Graderbit system or
serrated edge
Maintain contact with road
surface across the full width
of the cutting edge
Cut
Normal
Carry
169
underground applications
safety berms (windrows)
Rolling Resistance
171
underground applications
10%
160%
0%
Fuel Cost
140%
-10%
120%
100%
-20%
80%
-30%
60%
Production
Tire Penetration
Production
180%
-40%
40%
-50%
20%
0%
-60%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Rolling Resistance
173
underground applications
Remove soft and wet spots completely and refill and compact
with good dry material
Without a good repair, these spots will continually deteriorate
Haul Roads
Things to watch for:
Well maintained, smooth road
Sufficient drainage
Smooth, constant grades
Adequate passing room
Adequate corner radius
Expected haul road speeds are achieved
No debris on roads
No potholes, ruts, gullies
No rubber on tight or rocky turns
No high braking forces required on curves
Use reference signs where necessary
175
underground applications
Visual Inspections While Driving the Haul Road
Dump Zone
Things to watch for:
Smooth floor to maintain speed
Braking in straight line before
turning and stopping to reverse
and dump
Stable dumping capability
Back height is adequate for
body
Trucks brake in straight line,
then turn and stop to reverse
to dump
Safety berms and ore pass stop
blocks are regulation height
Trucks dump the load
without delays
177
underground applications
Higher fill factors improve productivity and reduce cost per ton
Achieve higher fill factors through:
Better fragmentation
Correct bucket selection
Correct GET selection and maintenance
Correct bench heights
Correct loader orientation to face
Correct operating techniques for maximum production
Faster cycle times improve productivity and reduce cost per ton
Achieve faster cycle times through:
Correct orientation to face
Improved floor conditions
Correct truck placement
Improved material condition
Proper tram distance to and from truck
MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Strategies
management review
181
Loading Zone
Things to watch for:
Smooth floors
Adequate water drainage
No debris spillage from trucks
Proper truck positioning
No tight, high-speed turns as trucks return to loading area
Loading zones that are too tight, rough or congested
Location of 2nd gear reweigh
Trucks leave under full, continuous acceleration
Dump Zone
Things to watch for:
Smooth floor to maintain speed
Entering parallel to edge
Braking in straight line before turning and stopping to
reverse and dump
Safety berms at regulated height along entire edge
Stable dumping capability
No debris in area
Strategies
management review
To minimize cost, first look at the big picture, then use a common
sense approach
Select proper type of equipment
Properly equip for the specific job
Properly match buckets and bodies
Stress teamwork and communication
Properly set-up load area
183
Strategies
185
management review
Strategies
management review
187
Reference information
Performance Handbook 39
Specifications
191
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
TRACK-TYPE TRACTORS
MODEL
Operating Weight
Flywheel Power
Engine Model
Blade Capacity
SU
U
CD
Blade Width
SU
U
CD
(included end bits)
Track On Ground
Height To Top
of Canopy (ROPS)
Overall Length
SU-Blade & Single
Shank Ripper
D9T
D10T
D11T
D11T CD
105,600 lb
47900 kg
146,500 lb
66 451 kg
230,100 lb
104 600 kg
248,600 lb
113 000 kg
410 hp
306 kW
580 hp
433 kW
850 hp
634 kW
850 hp
634 kW
C18 ACERT
C27 ACERT
C32 ACERT
C32 ACERT
11'5" ft/in
3.47 m
12'9" ft/in
3.89 m
14'7" ft/in
4.44 m
14'7" ft/in
4.44 m
13'1" ft/in
4.00 m
14'0" ft/in
4.26 m
15'1" ft/in
4.60 m
15'1" ft/in
4.60 m
1611" ft/in
4.91 m
30'1" ft/in
9.16 m
34'9" ft/in
10.59 m
35'1" ft/in
10.70 m
193
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
WHEEL LOADERS
MODEL
Operating Weight
Engine
Flywheel Power
Rated Payload
Dump Height
Dump Reach
Bucket Size
Breakout Force
Full Turn Tip Load
992K
993K
993K HL
994F
994F HL
994F SHL
214,000 lb
97 069 kg
294,800 lb
133 637 kg
296,800 lb
134 603 kg
427,300 lb
193 820 kg
430,900 lb
193 782 kg
467,100 lb
207068 kg
C32 ACERT
C32 ACERT
C32 ACERT
3516B
3516B
3516B
801 hp
597 kW
945 hp
705 kW
950 hp
708 kW
1463 hp
1092 kW
1463 hp
1092 kW
1463 hp
1092 kW
25 T
22.7 t
25 T
22.7 t
38 T
35 t
35 T
32 t
35 T
32 t
15.1 ft/in
4623 mm
15'3" ft/in
4654 mm
17'11" ft/in
5465 mm
18'3" ft/in
5563 mm
19'0" ft/in
5931 mm
24'0" ft/in
7315 mm
76 ft/in
2311 mm
8'2" ft/in
2503 mm
8'4" ft/in
2616 mm
7'4" ft/in
2261 mm
8'11" ft/in
2643 mm
9'6" ft/in
2926 mm
19.5 - 41 yd3
15 - 31 m3
41- 47 yd3
31- 36 m3
130,390 lb
580 kN
159,562 lb
709 kN
159,416 lb
708.5 kN
222,553 lb
990 kN
203,968 lb
1015 kN
156,562 lb
696 kN
113,159 lb
51 328 kg
158,026 lb
71 667 kg
131,417 lb
59 599 kg
243,760 lb
110 568 kg
203,968 lb
92 518 kg
152,014 lb
68 952 kg
Mining safely.
Mining more. Mining right.
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
195
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
WHEEL DOZERS
MODEL
Operating Weight
Engine
Flywheel Power
Blade Capacity
SU
C
S
Blade Width
SU
C
S
Transmission Gears
Top Speed
Forward
Height To Top
of (ROPS)
Overall Length
(with Dozer)
Over Width
834H
844H
854K
103,849 lb
47 106 kg
156,120 lb
70 815 kg
216,273 lb
99 100 kg
C18 ACERT
C27
C32 ACERT
498 hp
372 kW
627 hp
468 kW
801 hp
597 kW
3.30 yd3 (25.0m3)
58.0 yd3 (45.0m3)
4F/3R
3F/3R
3F/3R
13'5" ft/in
4.09 m
16'6" ft/in
5.023 m
18'3" ft/in
5590 mm
34'2" ft/in
10.42 m
35'9" ft/in
10.94 m
44'0" ft/in
13405 mm
11'5" ft/in
3.47 m
14'4" ft/in
4.37 m
11'8" ft/in
3556 mm
Performance Handbook 39 Specifications
197
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
777F
785D
789C
793D
Standard (MA1)
793D Additional
Retarding (MA2)
Dual Slope
Dual Slope
MSD II
MSD II
360,000 lb
163 293 kg
550,000 lb
249 433 kg
700,000 lb
317 460 kg
846,000 lb
383 673 kg
846,000 lb
383 673 kg
Maximum Capacity
Heaped (2:1) (SAE)
199,115 lb
90 316 kg
78.8 yd3
60.2 m3
146.6 tons
133 m tons
102 yd3
78 m3
198 tons
180 m tons
137 yd3
105 m3
252 tons
228 m tons
195 yd3
140 m3
250 tons
227 m tons
195 yd3
140 m3
Engine
C32 ACERT
3512C HD-EUI
3516B EUI
3516B HD EUI
3516B HD EUI
No. Cylinders
12
12
16
16
16
Gross Power
1,016 hp
758 kW
1,450 hp
1 082 kW
1,900 hp
1 417 kW
2,415 hp
1 801 kW
2,415 hp
1 801 kW
Tires
27.00R49 (E4)
33.00R51
37.00R57
40.00R57
40.00R57
40.1 mph
64.5 km/h
33.6 mph
54.1 km/h
32.7 mph
52.6 km/h
33.7 mph
54.2 km/h
33.7 mph
54.2 km/h
Loading Height
16'4" ft/in
4.97 m
17'1" ft/in
5.21 m
19'4" ft/in
5.87 m
19'4" ft/in
5.87 m
Overall Length
Overall Width
21'4" ft/in
6.49 m
21'10" ft/in
6.64 m
25'2" ft/in
7.67 m
27'2" ft/in
8.28 m
27'2" ft/in
8.28 m
Body Type
Gross Machine
Operating Weight*
Target Payload*
Mining safely.
Mining more. Mining right.
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
199
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
793D Extra
Top Speed (MA3)
793D
High Altitude (MA5)
797B
MSD II
MSD II
MSD II
MSD II
846,000 lb
383 673 kg
846,000 lb
383 673 kg
846,000 lb
383 673 kg
1,375,000 lb
623 583 kg
250 tons
227 m tons
250 tons
227 m tons
250 tons
226 m tons
394 tons
354 m tons
195 yd3
140 m3
195 yd3
140 m3
195 yd3
140 m3
290 yd3
220 m3
3516B HD EUI
3516B HD EUI
3516B HD EUI
3524B EUI
16
16
16
24
2,415 hp
1801 kW
2,415 hp
1801 kW
2,415 hp
1801 kW
3,550 hp
2648 kW
40.00R57
40.00R57
40.00R57
59/80R63
37.3 mph
60 km/h
33.7 mph
54.2 km/h
33.7 mph
54.2 km/h
42 mph
67.6 km/h
19'4" ft/in
5.87 m
19'4" ft/in
5.87 m
19'4" ft/in
5.87 m
23'6" ft/in
7.15 m
42'9" ft/in
13.01 m
42'9" ft/in
13.01 m
42'9" ft/in
13.01 m
47'3" ft/in
14.4 m
27'2" ft/in
8.28 m
27'2" ft/in
8.28 m
27'2" ft/in
8.28 m
31'9" ft/in
9.66 m
Mining safely.
Mining more. Mining right.
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
Operating Weight (Empty)*
Gross Machine Weight
Target Payload
Maximum Capacity**
Heaped (2:1) (SAE)
Engine
No. Cylinders
Gross Power SAE J1995
Tires
Circular Clearance Dia.
Top Speed (Loaded)
Height To Top of Cab
Wheelbase
(Front-Center of Bogie)
Overall Length
Loading Height (Empty)
Height @ Full Dump
Width (Operating)
Front Tire Tread
201
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
740
740 Ejector
25.8 yd (19.7 m )
31.4 yd (24 m )
ACERT C15
ACERT C15
ACERT C15
26.5R25 Radials
29.5R25 Radials
29.5R25 Radials
Mining safely.
Mining more. Mining right.
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
Operating Weight (Empty)*
Flywheel Power
Base: Gears 1 - 8
VHP: Gears 4 - 8
Engine Model
No. Cylinders
Blade Length
Minimum Turn Radius**
Full Articulation &
Front Wheel Steer
Top Speed
Forward
Reverse
Height To Top of ROPS
Overall Length
Overall Width
At Top of Front Tires
203
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
MOTOR GRADERS
14M
16M
24M
47,133 lb
21 379 kg
57,452 lb
26 060 kg
137,692 lb
62 456 kg
C11
C18 ACERT
14'0" ft/in
4287 mm
16'0" ft/in
4877 mm
24'0" ft/in
7315 mm
25'11" ft/in
7.9 m
29'3" ft/in
8.9 m
40'9" ft/in
12.4 m
139.2"
3535 mm
145.8"
3703 mm
171.3"
4352 m
370.6"
9412 mm
392.2"
9963 mm
558.8"
14 194 mm
109.9"
2791 mm
121.9"
3096 mm
168.5"
4280 mm
Mining safely.
Mining more. Mining right.
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
205
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
627G
631G
637G
657G
86,957 lb
37 922 kg
105,002 lb
47 628 kg
114,559 lb
51 963 kg
150,760 lb
68 384 kg
330/365 hp
(246kW/272kW)
239/266 hp
(178 kW/198 kW)
462/500 hp
(345kW/373kW)
462/500 hp
(345kW/373kW)
266/283 hp
(198 kW/211 kW)
564/600 hp
(421kW/447 kW)
410/451 hp
(306kW/337 kW)
C15 ACERT
C9 ACERT
C18 ACERT
C18 ACERT
C9 ACERT
C18 ACERT
C15 ACERT
52,800 lb
23 950 kg
81,600 kg
37 013 kg
81,600 lb
37 013 kg
104,000 lb
47 174 kg
32 mph
51 km/h
33 mph
53 km/h
33 mph
53 km/h
33 mph
53 km/h
9'11" ft/in
3.02 m
11'6" ft/in
3.51 m
11'6" ft/in
3.51 m
12'8" ft/in
3.85 m
12'6" ft/in
3.81 m
139 ft/in
4.18 m
13'9" ft/in
4.18 m
15'2" ft/in
4.62 m
42'3" ft/in
12.88 m
48'3" ft/in
14.71m
48'3" ft/in
14.71 m
53'1" ft/in
16.2 m
11'9 ft/in
3.58 m
12'11 ft/in
3.94 m
12'11" ft/in
3.94 m
14'4" ft/in
4.35 m
Mining safely.
Mining more. Mining right.
MACHINE
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
Engine Power
Engine
Empty Weight
Loaded Weight
Capacity M3
Heaped (2:1) (SAE)
SAE Body Capacity
Dump (D)
Ejector (E)
Loading Height
Overall Length
Overall Width
207
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
AD45B
AD55B
408 hp
304 kW
587 hp
438 kW
776/805 hp
597/600 kw
C18 D1 ATAAC
C27 ACERT
66,140 lb
30 000 kg
89,303 lb
40 500 kg
110,231 lb
50 000 kg
132,280 lb
60 000 kg
188,528 lb
85 500 kg
231,485 lb
105 000 kg
18.8 yd3
14.4 m3
27.9 yd3
21.3 m3
35.2 yd3
26.9 m3
7'10" ft/in
2 385 mm
9'7" ft/in
2 925 mm
10'0" ft/in
3 045 mm
33'4" ft/in
10 153 mm
36'6" ft/in
11 194 mm
39'8" ft/in
12 064 mm
8'10" ft/in
2 690 mm
9'10" ft/in
3 000 mm
11'0" ft/in
3 346 mm
MODEL
Operating Weight
Engine Power
Engine
Rated Payload
Overall Length
Width Bucket Standard
Bucket Size
Breakout Force SAE
Static Tipping Load
209
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
R1700G
R2900G
R2900G Xtra
46,021 lb
20 875 kg
65,698 lb
29 800 kg
84,880 lb
38 500 kg
110,692 lb
50 209 kg
122,522 lb
55 757 kg
165 hp
123 kW
270 hp
201 kW
323/353 hp
241/263 kW
430/447 hp
321/333 kW
430/447 hp
321/333 kW
3306 DITA
14,991 lb
6800 kg
22,487 lb
10 200 kg
30,865 lb*
14 000 kg*
37,920 lb
17 200 kg
44,092 lb
20 000 kg
28'7" ft/in
8714 mm
31'10" ft/in
9710 mm
34'9" ft/in
10 600 mm
35'11" ft/in
10 949 mm
37'10" ft/in
11 083 mm
7'6" ft/in
2318 mm
8'11" ft/in
2723 mm
9'6" ft/in
2894 mm
10'5" ft/in
3176 mm
11'5" ft/in
3472 mm
27,518 lb
12 480 kg
42,505 lb
19 280 kg
44,321 lb
20 100 kg
60,298 lb
27 346 kg
60,298 lb
27 346 kg
44,866 lb
20 351 kg
61,950 lb
28 100 kg
78,119 lb
35 434 kg
39,923 lb
88 015 kg
123,911 lb
56 205 kg
charts.qxp
2/16/09
10:00 AM
Page 21
Tire Size
Ply Rating
120M
13.00-24
14.00-24
17.5-25
14.00-24
17.5-25
14.00-24
17.5-25
14.00-24
17.5-25
16.00-24
20.5-25
23.5-25
29.5-29
12
12, 16
12, 16
12, 16
12, 16
12, 16
12, 16
12, 16
16
16
16, 20
16, 20
28
12M
140M
160M
14M
16M
24M
Tire Size
13.00R24
14.00R24
17.5R25
13.00R24
14.00R24
17.5R25
14.00R24
17.5R25
14.00R24
17.5R25
16.00R24
20.5R25
23.5R25
29.5R29
Strength
Rating
,
,
211
reference information
kPa
172
172
172
172
172
172
200
200
172
172
172
GOODYEAR
BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
psi
25
25
25
25
25
25
29
29
25
25
25
kPa
248
228
276
248
303
276
303
352
324
303
276
psi
36
33
40
36
44
40
44
51
47
44
40
kPa
241
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
172
241
207
241
psi
35
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
25
35
30
35
kPa
345
276
241
276
241
276
276
276
276
310
379
241
310
psi
50
40
35
40
35
40
40
40
40
45
55
35
45
MICHELIN
GOODYEAR
BRIDGESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
248
241
207
207
207
207
241
207
241
207
207
207
207
345
36
35
30
30
30
30
35
30
35
30
30
30
30
50
345
345
276
310
310
241
345
207
345
276
345
276
241
379
50
50
40
45
45
35
50
30
50
40
50
40
35
55
248
200
303
228
200
248
200
248
228
248
200
172
324
36
29
44
33
29
36
29
36
33
36
29
25
47
303
248
400
324
276
352
276
372
303
372
303
303
372
44
36
58
47
40
51
40
54
44
54
44
44
54
241
207
241
207
241
207
241
207
241
207
207
310
35
30
35
30
35
30
35
30
35
30
30
45
310
241
310
276
345
276
345
310
379
310
310
379
45
35
45
40
50
40
50
45
55
45
45
55
*Standard tire and ply rating. Refer to Tire Load Worksheet to determine proper ply rating.
623G
627G
631G
637G
657G
BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Ply Rating
611
613G
29.5-25
23.5-25
28
16, 20
303
324
44
47
psi
kPa
248
324
36
47
345
50
psi
kPa
345
50
621G
29.5-29
33.25-29
34
26, 32
427
400
62
58
427
276
62
40
379
55
379
55
623G
33.25-29
26, 32
400
58
372
54
379
55
379
55
627G
33.25-29
26, 32
400
58
400
58
379
55
379
55
631G
637G
37.25-35
37.25-35
36, 42
36, 42
427
448
62
65
372
427
54
62
448
448
65
65
448
448
65
65
Model
613G
621G
GOODYEAR
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Tire Size
611
213
reference information
Tire Size
26.5R25
29.5R25
23.5R25
29.5R29
33.25R29
29.5R29
33.25R29
29.5R29
33.25R29
37.25R35
37.25R35
40.5/75RR39
Strength
Rating
,
,
,
kPa
psi
kPa
MICHELIN
GOODYEAR
BRIDGESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
414
348
310
448
379
379
379
517
517
586
60
50
45
65
55
55
55
75
75
85
414
348
310
379
310
379
379
414
517
517
60
50
45
55
45
55
55
60
75
75
503
372
372
572
448
448
448
476
524
600
73
54
54
83
65
65
65
69
76
87
503
324
372
572
351
427
448
427
476
600
73
47
54
83
51
62
65
62
69
87
379
379
517
448
517
448
517
448
552
552
620
55
55
75
65
75
65
75
65
80
80
90
379
379
517
448
517
448
517
448
552
552
620
55
55
75
65
75
65
75
65
80
80
90
MICHELIN
Inflation Pressure
Strength
725
730
730 EJ
735
740
740EJ
23.5R25
750/65R25
23.5R25
750/65R25
750/65R25
26.5R25
850/65R25
29.5R25
850/65R25
29.5R25
Model
725
730
730 EJ
735
740
740EJ
Tire Size
23.5R25
750/65R25
23.5R25
750/65R25
750/65R25
26.5R25
850/65R25
29.5R25
850/65R25
29.5R25
GOODYEAR
Inflation Pressure
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
345
276
414
310
414
345
414
414
345
50
40
60
45
60
50
60
60
50
379
310
448
345
414
345
414
414
414
55
45
65
50
60
50
60
60
60
379
310
448
345
414
345
414
414
414
55
45
65
50
60
50
60
60
60
372`
372
303
276
448
372
324
54
54
44
40
65
54
47
372
448
352
400
400
372
448
54
65
51
58
58
54
65
372
448
352
400
400
372
427
54
65
51
58
58
54
62
215
reference information
BRIDGESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Center
Front
Rear
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
379
310
414
345
310
483
448
379
55
45
60
50
45
70
65
55
379
310
483
379
414
448
414
483
55
45
70
55
60
65
60
70
379
310
483
379
414
448
414
483
55
45
70
55
60
65
60
70
Tire Size
770
772
773F
775F
777F
784C
785C
789C
793F
18.00R33
21.00R33
24.00R35
24.00R35
27.00R49
797F
33.00R51
37.00R57
40.00R57
46/90R57
59/80R63
Strength
Rating
,
217
reference information
GOODYEAR
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
BRIDGESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
752
703
703
703
703
109
102
102
102
102
752
703
703
703
703
109
102
102
102
102
800
703
676
703
724
116
102
98
102
105
800
703
600
703
724
116
102
87
102
105
800
689
689
689
689
116
100
100
100
100
800
689
689
689
689
116
100
100
100
100
Consult Michelin
Consult Michelin
703
655
724
703
703
655
724
703
102
95
105
102
102
95
105
102
Consult Goodyear
800
752
772
116
109
112
Consult Goodyear
800
752
724
724
724
724
689
116
109
105
105
105
105
100
724
724
724
689
105
105
105
100
Tire Size
12.5-18
12.5-20
14.5-20
15.5-25
17.5-25
17.5-25
20.5-25
17.5-25
20.5-25
23.1-26
17.5-25
20.5-25
23.1-26
20.5-25
23.5-25
23.5-25
26.5-25
26.5-25
29.5-25
35/65-33
41.25/70-39
45/65-45
50/65-51
49.5/85-87
50/80-57
52/80-57
53.5/85-57
58/85-57
219
reference information
Ply Rating
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
12
12
14
16, 20
16, 20
16, 20
20, 26
20, 26
22, 28
42
42
58
62
76
68
68
76
84
GOODYEAR
BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
241
241
276
276
241
310
241
345
241
345
241
400
372
427
448
476
427
627
552
655
600
35
35
40
40
35
45
35
50
35
50
35
58
54
62
65
69
62
91
80
95
87
172
172
241
172
172
228
172
241
172
241
172
276
276
276
276
303
276
427
352
503
400
25
25
35
25
25
33
25
35
25
35
25
40
40
40
40
44
40
62
51
73
58
241
241
276
276
241
310
241
345
241
241
345
241
241
310
345
379
414
448
586
655
586
724
724
724
724
724
724
35
35
40
40
35
45
35
50
35
35
50
35
35
45
50
55
60
65
85
95
85
105
105
105
105
105
105
172
172
241
172
172
241
172
241
172
172
241
172
172
207
207
241
276
276
379
414
414
483
483
483
483
483
483
25
25
35
25
25
35
25
35
25
25
35
25
25
30
30
35
40
40
55
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
70
charts.qxp
2/16/09
10:00 AM
Page 31
Tire Size
335/80R18 XM27
335/80R18 SPT9
365/80R20 SPT9
375/75R20 MX27
405/70R20 SPT9
425/75R20 XM27
405/70R20 SPT9
15.5R25
17.5R25
17.5R25
20.5R25
550/65R25
17.5R25
20.5R25
600/65R25
17.5R25
20.5R25
600/65R25
20.5R25
550/65R25
650/65R25
23.5R25
650/65R25
750/65R25
23.5R25
650/65R25
26.5R25
750/65R25
26.5R25
750/65R25
29.5R25
35/65R33
45/65R39
45/65R45
50/65R51
55/80R57
55.5/80R57
60/80R57
Strength
Index
,
,
,
,
,
,
221
reference information
MICHELIN
DUNLAP
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
303
276
276
310
276
276
241
276
379
310
310
379
310
310
345
345
310
276
276
276
276
276
345
345
379
379
483
586
586
552
552
703
703
44
40
40
45
40
40
35
40
55
45
45
55
45
45
50
50
45
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
55
55
70
85
85
80
80
102
102
221
193
193
172
172
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
207
241
207
207
207
207
207
207
241
241
241
241
276
414
414
276
455
600
600
32
28
28
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
35
30
30
30
30
30
30
35
35
35
35
40
60
60
40
66
87
87
276
276
241
276
40
40
35
40
172
172
172
207
GOODYEAR
psi
25
25
25
30
BRIDGESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
Inflation Pressure
Front
Rear
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
448
476
476
448
476
503
627
552
655
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
65
69
69
65
69
73
91
80
95
310
310
310
310
310
310
310
310
310
310
303
303
303
303
303
303
427
352
503
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
44
44
44
44
44
44
62
51
73
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
414
310
276
345
310
379
414
448
586
655
620
724
724
724
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
45
40
50
45
55
60
65
85
95
90
105
105
105
276
276
310
276
310
310
310
310
207
172
207
172
241
276
276
379
414
483
483
483
483
40
40
45
40
45
45
45
45
30
25
30
25
35
40
40
55
60
70
70
70
70
223
reference information
Wheel
Size
Tire
Size
BRIDGESTONE
Inflation Pressure
Front*
Rear*
Ply Rating
kPa
psi
kPa
psi
R1300
R1600
R1700G &
R1700G SUPA14
R2900 &
R2900 SUPA 20
14.0 x 25
13.0 x 25
22.0 x 25
17.5 x 25
18.0 x 25
26.5 x 25
20
28
32
680
680
580
100
100
85
580
414
414
85
60
60
25.0 x 25
29.5 x 29
34
640
94
414
60
ARTICULATED
TRUCKS
AD45
AD55
AE40 Series II
25.0 x 29
28.0 x 33
29.5 x 29
29.5 x 29
35/65R33
29.5 x R29
40
40
640
620
94
90
640
620
94
90
RIGID
TRUCKS
69D Dump
69D Ejector
73D
13.0 x 33
13.0 x 33
15.0 x 35
18.0 x R33
18.0 x R33
21.0 x R35
36
40
42
640
620
700
94
91
102
640
620
700
94
91
102
LOAD - HAUL
DUMP
NOTE: The operating inflation pressure is based on the weight of the ready-to-work machine without
attachments, at rated payload and in average operating conditions. The tire pressure for each
application may vary. The tire pressure should always be obtained from your tire dealer.
225
reference information
Wheel
Size
Tire
Size
Ply Rating
Front*
kPa
LOAD - HAUL
DUMP
ARTICULATED
TRUCKS
LOAD - HAUL
DUMP
ARTICULATED
TRUCKS
Inflation Pressure
psi
Rear*
kPa
psi
BRIDGESTONE Bias
R1300G
R1600G
R1700G
R2900G
R2900G Xtra
AD30
AD45B
AD55
R1300G
R1600G
R1700G
R2900G
R2900G Xtra
AD30
AD45B
AD55
14.0 x 25
13.0 x 25
20.0 x 25
25.0 x 29
17.5 x 25
18.0 x 25
26.5 x 25
29.5 x 29
20
28
36
34
22.0 x 25
25.0 x 29
28.0 x 33
26.5R25
29.5R29
35/65R33
MS
MS
MS
14.0 x 25
13.0 x 25
20.0 x 25
25.0 x 29
17.5 x 25
18.0 x 25
26.5 x 25
29.5 x 29
20
28
36
34
22.0 x 25
25.0 x 29
28.0 x 33
26.5R25
29.5R29
35/65R33
MS
MS
MS
689
676
621
586
689
689
621
621
648
586
655
648
100
98
90
85
586
414
414
414
BRIDGESTONE Radial
100
100
90
90
94
85
95
94
586
407
414
414
414
621
655
648
85
60
60
60
85
59
60
60
60
90
95
94
NOTE: The operating inflation pressure is based on the weight of the ready-to-work machine without
machine attachments, at rated payload and in average operation conditions.
Weight
Increase
Per Tire
13.00-24TG
14.00-24TG
15.5-25
16.00-24TG
17.5-25
18.00-25
18.4-34
20.5-25
23.1-26
23.5-25
24.5-32
26.5-25
26.5-29
28L-26
29.5-25
29.5-29
29.5-35
30.5L-32
33.25-35
37.25-35
38-39
35/65-33
40/65-39
41.25/70-39
45/65-45
227
reference information
CaCl**
Water
Weight
Increase
Per Tire
CaCl**
Water
kg
lb
kg
lb
liter
gal
kg
lb
kg
lb
liter
gal
188
215
192
333
262
454
417
405
522
585
703
758
752
709
970
1050
1159
874
1485
1712
1870
1339
2077
1897
2548
414
475
423
735
577
1002
919
892
1151
1291
1549
1671
1658
1563
2139
2315
2556
1928
3275
3775
4123
2953
4580
4183
5617
55
63
56
98
77
134
123
119
154
173
207
224
222
209
286
310
344
258
439
505
552
396
614
561
753
122
140
125
217
170
296
272
263
340
382
458
494
490
462
632
684
758
570
968
1115
1218
873
1353
1236
1659
132
151
136
234
185
322
295
284
367
412
496
533
530
500
685
738
821
617
1048
1211
1317
942
1465
1336
1794
35
40
36
62
49
85
78
75
97
109
131
141
140
132
181
195
217
163
277
320
348
249
387
353
474
185
256
224
355
311
502
448
633
841
928
1073
1190
1286
1592
2128
1430
2194
407
565
493
783
686
1107
987
1396
1853
2045
2368
2623
2835
3508
4692
3152
4836
57
79
69
109
95
154
137
194
258
284
328
365
394
487
653
438
673
125
173
151
240
210
340
303
428
568
627
723
804
869
1074
1439
967
1483
128
179
155
246
216
348
310
439
583
644
745
825
892
1105
1476
992
1522
34
47
41
65
57
92
82
116
154
170
197
218
236
292
390
262
402
*Ballast weight for bias ply tires from Goodyear data, radial ply weights from Michelin data.
Contact your tire supplier for additional information. Under abnormal tire wear conditions,
ballasting of rear tires may be desirable. Ballasting of front tires also should only be done
where extremely rapid tire wear rates are encountered. Excessive weight will reduce
machine performance.
**1.6 kg (3 12 lb) Calcium Chloride per gallon water. Solution weighs 4.6 kg (10.15 lb) per gallon.
kilometer (km)
meter (m)
meter (m)
centimeter (cm)
millimeter (mm)
sq kilometer (km2)
hectare (ha)
sq meter (m2)
sq meter (m2)
sq centimeter (cm2)
cu centimeter (cm3)
cu meter (m3)
liter (L)
liter (L)
km/h
liter (L)
liter (L)
metric ton (t)
metric ton (t)
kilogram (kg)
gram (g or gr)
kilonewton (kN)
newton (N)
cu centimeter (cm3)
kilograms/cu meter
kilograms/cu meter
229
reference information
CONVERSION FACTORS
BY
.6214
1.0936
3.28
.0328
.03937
.3861
2.471
10.764
1550
.1550
.061
1.308
61.02
.001308
.621
.2642
.22
.984
1.102
2.205
.0353
225
.225
.0338
1.686
.062
mile
yard
foot
foot
inch
square mile
acre
square foot
square inch
square inch
cubic inch
cubic yard
cubic inch
cubic yard
mph
U.S. gallon
Imperial gallon
long ton
short ton
pound, avdp.
ounce, avdp.
pound (force)
pound (force)
fluid ounce
pounds/cu yd
pounds/cu ft
kilograms/sq cm (kg/cm2)
kilocalorie (kcal)
kilogram-meter (kgm)
meter-kilogram (mkg)
metric horsepower (CV)
kilowatt (kW)
kilopascal (kPa)
bar
tons/m3
decaliter
mile, statute (m)
yard (yd)
foot (ft)
inch (in)
sq mile (mile2)
acre
sq foot (ft2)
sq inch (in2)
cu yard (yd3)
cu inch (in3)
cu foot (ft3)
cu inch (in3)
cubic yard (yd3)
mph
Ton mph
U.S. gallon (US Gal)
BY
14.225
3.968
7.233
7.233
.9863
1.341
.145
14.5
1692
.283
1.609
.9144
.3048
25.4
2.590
.4047
.0929
.000645
.7645
16.387
.0283
.0164
764.55
1.61
1.459
3.785
pounds/sq in
Btu
foot-pound
pound-foot
hp
hp
psi
psi
pounds/cu yd
bushel
kilometer
meter
meter
millimeter
sq kilometer
hectare
sq meter
sq meter
cu meter
cu centimeter
cu meter
liter
liter
km/h
tkm/h
liter
NOTE: Some of the above factors have been rounded for convenience. For exact
conversion factors please consult International System of Units (SI) table.
U.S. gallon
long ton (lg ton)
short ton (sh ton)
pound (lb)
ounce (oz)
pound (lb) (force)
pound (lb) (force)
fluid oz (fl oz)
lb/cu ft (lb/ft3)
lb/cu yd (lb/yd3)
pounds/sq. in.
psi
psi
Btu
foot-pound (ft-lb)
horsepower (hp)
horsepower (hp)
pounds/cu yd
pounds (No. 2 diesel fuel)
bushel
BY
.833
1.016
.907
.4536
28.35
.00445
4.45
29.57
16.018
.5933
.0703
.0689
6.89
.2520
.1383
1.014
.7457
.0005928
.1413
3.524
231
reference information
TEMPERATURE FACTORS
TO OBTAIN ENGLISH UNIT
Imperial gallon
metric ton
metric ton
kilogram
gram
kilonewton
newton
cu centimeter
kg/cu meter
kg/cu meter
kilogram/sq cm
bar
kilopascal
kilogram-calorie
kilogram-meter
metric horsepower
kilowatt
tons/m3
U.S. gallon
decaliter
CELSIUS
320
C = (F 32) 1.8
300
580
FAHRENHEIT
F = (C 1.8) + 32
280
520
260
480
240
220
200
440
400
180
360
160
320
140
280
120
100
240
212
200
80
160
60
37
20
NOTE: Some of the above factors have been rounded for convenience. For exact
conversion factors please consult International System of Units (SI) table.
600
120
98.6
80
32
0
-20
-40
-40
MATERIALS
1 km
1m
1 cm
1 km2
1 ha
1 m2
1 cm2
1 m3
1 liter
1 metric ton
1 quintal
1N
1 kg
1g
1 bar
1 cal
1 cal
1 cal
1 CV
1 kg/cm2
1 mile
1 yd
1 ft
1 sq mile
1 acre
1 sq ft
1 cu ft
1 gal
1 gal
1 quart
1 fl oz
1 sh ton
1 lg ton
1 lb
1 Btu
1 Btu
1 Btu
1 mechanical hp
1 atmosph.
Concrete
Clay Loam
Dry
Wet
Rutted
Sand
Dry
Wet
Quarry Pit
Gravel Road (Loose not hard)
Packed Snow
Ice
Earth
Firm
Loose
Coal, Stockpiled
1000 m
100 cm
10 mm
100 ha
10,000 m2
10,000 cm2
100 mm2
1000 liters
1000 cm3
1000 kg
100 kg
0.10197 kgm/s2
1000 g
1000 mg
14.504 psi
427 kgm
0.0016 cvh
0.00116 kwh
75 kgm/s
0.97 atmosph.
233
reference information
1760 yd
3 ft
12 in
640 acres
43,560 sq ft
144 sq in
7.48 gal liq
231 cu in
4 quarts liq
32 fl oz
1.80 cu in
2000 lb
2240 lb
16 oz, avdp
778 ft lb
0.000393 hph
0.000293 kwh
550 ft-lb/sec
14.7 lb/in2
RUBBER TIRES
TRACKS
.90
.45
.55
.45
.40
.90
.70
.70
.20
.40
.65
.36
.20
.12
.30
.50
.55
.50
.27
.12*
.55
.45
.45
.90
.60
.60
kW
hp
CV
PS
1 hp
1 hp
1 hp
Kilowatt
Mechanical Horsepower
Cheval Vapeur*
Pferdestrke**
1.014 CV
1.014 PS
0.7457 kW
1 PS
1 PS
1 PS
1 kW
1 kW
1 kW
1 CV
0.986 hp
0.7355 kW
1.341 hp
1.36 CV
1.36 PS
LOAD FACTORS
SWELL %
WEIGHT* OF MATERIALS
kg/m3
Basalt
Bauxite, Kaolin
Caliche
Carnotite, uranium ore
Cinders
Clay
Natural bed
Dry
Wet
Clay & gravel
Dry
Wet
Coal
Anthracite, Raw
Anthracite, Washed
Ash, Bituminous Coal
Bituminous, Raw
Bituminous, Washed
Decomposed rock
75% Rock, 25% Earth
50% Rock, 50% Earth
25% Rock, 75% Earth
Earth
Dry packed
Wet excavated
Loam
Granite Broken
Gravel
Pitrun
Dry
Dry 6-50 mm (1/4"-2")
Wet 6-50 mm (1/4"-2")
235
reference information
LOOSE
lb/yd3
kg/m3
BANK
lb/yd3
.67
.75
.55
.74
.66
51
33
80
35
50
1960
1420
1250
1630
560
3300
2400
2100
2750
950
2970
1900
2260
2200
860
5000
3200
3800
3700
1450
.82
.81
.80
22
23
25
1660
1480
1660
2800
2500
2800
2020
1840
2080
3400
3100
3500
.85
.85
18
18
1420
1540
2400
2600
1660
1840
2800
3100
.74
.74
.93
.74
.74
35
35
8
35
35
1190
1100
530-650
950
830
2000
1850
900-1100
1600
1400
1600
590-890
1280
2700
1000-1500
2150
.70
.75
.80
43
33
25
1960
1720
1570
3300
2900
2650
2790
2280
1960
4700
3850
3300
.80
.79
.81
.61
25
24
23
65
1510
1600
1250
1660
2550
2700
2100
2800
1900
2020
1540
2730
3200
3400
2600
4600
.89
.89
.89
.89
12
12
12
12
1930
1510
1690
2020
3250
2550
2850
3400
2170
1690
1900
2260
3650
2850
3200
3800
LOAD FACTORS
SWELL %
WEIGHT* OF MATERIALS
kg/m3
Gypsum
Broken
Crushed
Hematite, iron ore, high grade
Limestone
Broken
Crushed
Magnetite, iron ore
Pyrite, iron ore
Sand
Dry, loose
Damp
Wet
Sand & clay
Loose
Compacted
Sand & gravel
Dry
Wet
Sandstone
Shale
Slag Broken
Snow
Dry
Wet
Stone Crushed
Taconite
Top Soil
Taprock Broken
Wood Chips**
237
reference information
LOOSE
lb/yd3
kg/m3
BANK
lb/yd3
.57
.57
.85
75
75
18
1810
1600
1810-2450
3050
2700
4000-5400
3170
2790
2130-2900
5350
4700
4700-6400
.59
.85
.85
69
18
18
1540
1540
2790
2580
2600
2600
4700
4350
2610
3260
3030
4400
5500
5100
.89
.89
.89
12
12
12
1420
1690
1840
2400
2850
3100
1600
1900
2080
2700
3200
3500
.79
24
1600
2400
2700
4050
2020
3400
.89
.91
.60
.75
.60
12
9
65
33
65
1720
2020
1510
1250
1750
2900
3400
2550
2100
2950
1930
2230
2520
1660
2940
3250
3750
4250
2800
4950
.60
.58
.70
.67
65
70
43
51
130
520
1600
1630-1900
950
1750
220
860
2700
3600-4200
1600
2950
2670
2360-2700
1370
2610
4500
5200-6100
2300
4400
**Weights of commercially important wood species can be found in the last pages of the
Logging & Forest Products section. To obtain wood weights use the following equations:
lb/yd3 = (lb/ft3) x .4 x 27
kg/m3 = (kg/m3) x .4
239
reference information
TIRES
BIAS RADIAL
1.5%*
TRACK
+TIRES
1.2%
0%
1.0%
2.0%
1.7%
0%
1.2%
3.0%
2.5%
0%
1.8%
4.0%
4.0%
0%
2.4%
5.0%
5.0%
0%
3.0%
8.0%
8.0%
0%
4.8%
100
100 + % Swell
60 min.
Cycle Time (min.)
Or
10.0%
10.0%
2%
7.0%
14.0%
14.0%
5%
10.0%
20.0%
20.0%
8%
15.0%
Distance (ft.)
Speed (ft. per min.)
Or
Distance (ft.)
Mph X 88
241
reference information
Quan. (b.c.y.)
Working Time (hr.)
243
reference information
APOTHECARIES WEIGHT
20 grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 scruple
8 drams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 ounce
3 scruples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 dram
12 ounces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pound
DRY MEASURE
2 pints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 qt
4 pecks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 bushel
8 qts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 peck
36 bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 caldron
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT
27.344 grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 dram
25 pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 quarter
16 drams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 ounce
4 quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 cwt
16 ounces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pound
2,000 lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 short ton
2,240 lbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 long ton
TROY WEIGHT
24 grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pwt
20 pwt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 ounce
12 ounces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pound
NOTE: used for weighing gold, silver, and jewels
CLOTH MEASURE
2 1/4 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 nail
4 nails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 quarter
4 quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 yard
CUBIC MEASURE
1,728 cubic inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 cubic foot
27 cubic feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 cubic yard
128 cubic feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 cord (wood)
40 cubic feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 ton (shipping)
2,150.42 cubic inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 standard bushel
231 cubic inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 U.S. standard gallon
1 cubic foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .about 4/2 of a bushel
LIQUID MEASURE
4 gills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pt
4 qts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 gallon
2 pts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 qt
31-1/2 gallons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 barrel
2 barrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 hogshead
LONG MEASURE
12 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 foot
40 rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 furlong
3 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 yd
8 furlongs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 std. Mile
5 1/2 yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 rod
3 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 league
MARINERS MEASURE
6 ft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 fathom
120 fathoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 cable length
7 1/2 cable lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 mile
5280 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 std. mile
6076.1 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 nautical mile
PAPER MEASURE
24 sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 quire
20 quires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 ream ( 480 sheets)
2 reams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 bundle
5 bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 bale
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reference information
SQUARE MEASURE
144 sq. inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 sq. foot
40 sq. rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 rood
9 sq. feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 sq. yard
4 roods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 acre
30 1/4 sq. yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 sq. rod
640 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 sq. mile
SURVEYORS MEASURE
7.92 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 link
25 links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 rod
4 rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 chain
10 sq. chains or 160 sq. rods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 acre
640 acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 sq. mile
36 sq. miles ( 6 miles sq.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 township
TIME MEASURE
60 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 min.
60 min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 hr.
24 hr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 day
7 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 week
28, 29, 30,or 31 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 calendar month
30 days . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 month . . . . . . . . . . . .in computing interest
365 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 yr
366 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 leap yr.
APPROXIMATE METRIC EQUIVALENTS
1 decimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 inches
1 liter . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. 06 quarts liquid . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.9 quart dry
1 meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1 yds
1 kilometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5/8 of a mile
1 hectoliter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 5/8 bushels
1 hectare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1/2 acres
1 kilogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1/5 lbs
1 stere, or cubic meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/4 of a cord
1 metric ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,200 pounds
247
reference information
reference information
249
Notes
251
Notes
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255
Notes
www.cat.com/mining
CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, "Caterpillar Yellow," and the POWER EDGE trade dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission. Cat and Caterpillar are registered trademarks of
Caterpillar Inc., 100 N.E. Adams, Peoria IL 61629.
AEXQ0030-02