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Compression RTM
Closing press
26 mai 2009
26 mai 2009
Isothermal injections in
Brard et al.
Compression-RTM
REEF [2005]
26 mai 2009
26 mai 2009
j
system
y
Injection
Draping
p g of fibers
Injection system is
connected
Part is demolded
Darcys law
cte
cte
Mass conservation
K P
V
div (V ) 0
div(V ) div
P 0
Fibers
26 mai 2009
sup
vol h
Closing velocity
Mass conservation
26 mai 2009
h0
h(t)
Mold
Mold
+
vl
Where :
h
h
t
26 mai 2009
26 mai 2009
Isothermal injections in
Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI)
26 mai 2009
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
10
R i front
Resin
f
vacuum
seal
Rigid mould
Impregnated reinforcement
Dry reinforcement
26 mai 2009
11
26 mai 2009
12
Mold preparation
Foam core
Infusion pipeline
Verifying vacuum
Resulting part
Light part!
Infusion video
26 mai 2009
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
13
26 mai 2009
VARI experiment
Resin
Deformable
plastic bag
14
Resin at
atmospheric
pressure
vacuum
R i front
Resin
f
seal
Rigid mould
Impregnated reinforcement
Dry reinforcement
Resin flow
26 mai 2009
Deformation of
plastic film
Vacuum
Vacuum
15
26 mai 2009
16
VARI experiment
Linear Variable
Displacement Transducer
Resin flow
(LVDT)
x1
x2
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
04
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1 0
Patm
Resin flow
Pvide
x1
LVDT 1
LVDT 2
Deformation of
plastic film
Thickness
x2
Resin flow
x1
200
400
Permeability
Vacuum
x2
600
Length
Temps (s)
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
17
26 mai 2009
Compaction
pressure
Terzaghis law
(1 V f ) 3
Vf
voll
i th
is
the volumetric
l
ti d
density
it off th
the fib
fibers
sup
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
applied
fiber
Presin
applied
Hooks law
19
fiber
applied
applied
sup
Vf
vol h
K C
18
26 mai 2009
E
20
fiber applied
Simplest form
Fibers
fiber AVf B
compactio
on pressure
Compaction pressure
44.1%
52.7%
fiber
fib
59.7%
67.7%
>Vf
26 mai 2009
21
Difficulty level
Mat
Woven
Unidir.
Vf
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
fiber AVf
[QUI, 1990]
[KIM, 1991]
[TRE, 1991]
[WU, 1994]
[RUD 1996]
[RUD,
[LUO, 1999]
[PIL, 2001]
Relations
Vf K 1 K 2
1
H
n
B
H0
(II-2)
(II-3)
(II-4)
26 mai 2009
fiber
(II 5)
(II-5)
Fc Hm
H
o
[log (V
) C]/D
fo H
10
Compaction pressure
(II-1)
Vf V1 C c log
1
log V b log a
f
(II-6)
10
[logVfo C] / D
com
mpaction pressure
Rfrences
Toll et al.,1994
1994
22
(II-7)
23
Vf
26 mai 2009
24
comp
paction pressure
(2)
(1)
(3)
3 compaction cycles
Dry
Wet
Vf
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
25
applied
Sample thickness
reinforcement
Permanent
deformation
Visco-elastic
Elastic
deformation
Hold time
Thickness
Cavity thickness
Thickness
Thickness
fiber
26
applied
26 mai 2009
H ld time
Hold
ti
time
time
26 mai 2009
27
26 mai 2009
28
Compaction
cycles
(1)
(2)
(3)
Compaction
speed
Relaxation
Vf
Histeresis
Vf
Number
of cycles
Vf
time
Rate of
deformation
Stress relaxation
(time dependence)
26 mai 2009
29
26 mai 2009
30
div v l 0
t
Patm
Resin flow
Pvide
1 div 1 vs 0
t
vl v r v s
Thickness
General form of mass conservation for the consolidation problem
Permeability
K
div
P
r
Length
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
31
div v s
26 mai 2009
32
Plastic film
Patm
t
Resin infused
at Patm
K
div
P
r
Vacuum
pressure
Pvac
Hookes law
Terzaghis law
appl = Patm
T
Terzaghis
hi llaw
fibres
d
d
div u s
dt
dt
fiber
fiber AVf B
or
fibres
Pres = Patm
1 dP
K
1 d
P
E dt
E dt
26 mai 2009
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
33
26 mai 2009
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
dh
div hK P
dt
h
Pressure transducers
95
85
Res
sin pressure (kPa)
Displacement-compaction stress
relationship
df
34
f A Pext P B
1D Solution
(is not a function of time if
fibers relaxation is not
taken into account)
75
65
55
Flow front
possitions (mm)
45
240
420
460
35
25
15
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
26 mai 2009
35
26 mai 2009
36
100
1D pressure distribution
is a polynomial function
Re
esin pressure (kPa)
90
80
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Displacement-compaction stress
relationship
Flow front
possitions (mm)
Permeability-displacement
relationship
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
div hK P
df
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
37
K C
(1 V f ) 3
2
26 mai 2009
38
Resin flow
(LVDT)
Presine
Vf
Compaction
model?
f A Pext P B
dh
dt
Pvac
Bottom of the
plate (mold)
26 mai 2009
39
Pressure sensors
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
40
10
VARI experiments
Thickness variation at (3) positions along the length
LVDT
Fibers
Fib
thickness
= Pr-Patm
Fibers
compaction
time
Pressure
P
sensor
Pr
h
(Vf)
Resin
pressure
26 mai 2009
41
26 mai 2009
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
42
VARI experiments
VARI experiments
= Pr Patm
1,4
,
Patm
End of infusion
1,2
LVDT1
LVDT2
LVDT3
Height (mm)
Data from
LVDT Data from
pressure
sensor
0,8
0,6
04
0,4
Beginning
of infusion
0,2
0
Pvide
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Pressure (-KPa)
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
43
26 mai 2009
44
11
VARI experiments
VARI experiments
Static compaction is not appropriate for VARI process
Beginning
of infusion
Data from
pressure
sensor
Measured
in VARI
Measured on
MTS
Data from
LVDT
End of
infusion
26 mai 2009
45
VARI experiments
26 mai 2009
46
VARI experiments
Measured in
VARI process
26 mai 2009
47
26 mai 2009
48
12
VARI experiments
VARI experiments
Infuse
ed resin volume (m3)
1.4E-04
1.2E-04
1.0E-04
8.0E-05
Quadratic
6.0E-05
4.0E-05
2.0E-05
0.0E+00
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
26 mai 2009
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
49
26 mai 2009
50
A l i off fibers
Analysis
fib
impregnation
i
ti in
i LCM
Vacuum
m Pressure (- KPa)
60
50
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
40
30
To remember
20
10
0
8
10
11
12
13
Wet VARI
compaction
test
14
Vf (%)
Research chair on high performance composites
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
26 mai 2009
51
26 mai 2009
52
13
Deformation of porous
media during impregnation
RTM
C-RTM
VARI
div P 0
K
dh
div h P
dt
RTM
No deformation
K
dh
div h P
U
dt
Key parameters
Imposed
deformation (U)
C-RTM
Free deformation
VARI
26 mai 2009
53
Fiber permeability
26 mai 2009
54
Discussion
http://cchp.meca.polymtl.ca/
14