Employee Empowerment, Leadership &

Change, Team building & Teamwork,

Communication & Interpersonal
Relations, Education & Training

Major Topics
Employee Empowerment
Leadership and Change

Team Building & Team Work

Effective Communication
Education & Training

Employee Empowerment

Employee Empowerment Defined

Employee Empowerment is Employee Involvement
that matters.
It could also be defined as controlled transfer of
authority to make decisions and take actions.
What is needed?
Successful implementation of empowerment requires
change in corporate culture.

Does this mean Abdication?

NO. Empowerment involves actively soliciting input from
those closest to the work and giving careful thought to
that input.

Rationale
An aspect of Working Smart
Empowerment is the key to
motivation & Productivity.
It enables a person to develop
personally & professionally.

Inhibitors of Empowerment
Resistance from Employees & Unions
Resistance from Management
Insecurity
Personal Values
Ego
Management Training
Personality Characteristics of Managers
Exclusion of Managers

Workforce Readiness
Organizational Structure & Management Practices

Managements Role in Empowerment &

Implementing Empowerment
Managements Role:
Commitment
Leadership
Facilitation

Implementing Empowerment:
Development of Suggestion Systems (Fig 8.3)
Considering the Employees Point of View
Putting Vehicles in Place
Brainstorming
Nominal Group Technique (fig 8.4)
Quality Circles
Suggestion Boxes
Walking & Talking

Suggestion Systems - 1
Managements Role:
Establishing Policy
Setting Up the System
Promoting the Suggestion System
Evaluating & Implementing suggestions
Rewarding employees

Improving the system..

Improving Suggestion Processing
Improving Individual Suggestions
Problem Identification
Research
Idea Development

Suggestion Systems - 2
Evaluating Suggestions
Though Employees make suggestions, final analysis is still
to be made by manager.
Thus, Establish a formal rating system for evaluating
suggestion systems.

Handling Poor Suggestions

Listen Carefully
Express Appreciation
Carefully explain your position
Encourage feedback
Look for Compromise

Achieving Full Participation

Removing Hidden Barriers
Negative Behavior
Poor Writing Skills
Fear of Rejection
Inconvenience

Encouraging new Employees

Coaching Reluctant Employees
Assess
Investigate
Match
Choose
Manage

How to Recognize Empowered

Employees
Taking Initiative
Identifying Opportunities

Thinking Critically
Building Consensus

Empowerment
Avoiding Traps:
Defining Power as Discretion & Self- Reliance
Failing to Properly Define Empowerment for Managers &
Supervisors
Assuming Employees Have the skills to be Empowered
Getting Impatient Making the Transition from
Traditional Approach

Beyond Empowerment

Leadership & Change

Leadership Defined
Leadership is the ability to inspire people to make
a total, willing and voluntary commitment to
accomplish or exceeding organizational goals.
Leaders must
Overcome resistance to change
Broker the needs of Constituency groups
Establish an ethical framework

Characteristics
Balanced Commitment
Positive Role Model
Good Communication Skills
Persuasiveness

Leadership for Quality

Principles:
Customer Focus
Obsession with Quality
Freedom through Control
Looking for Faults in Systems
Teamwork
Continuing Education & Training

The Juran Trilogy:

Quality Planning
Quality Control
Quality Improvement

Leadership
Motivation & Inspiration:
Understanding Individual
Needs
Understanding Individual
Beliefs

Leadership Styles:
In a total Quality setting, the
most appropriate style might
be called participative
leadership taken to a higher
level

Building & Maintaining a Following

Popularity & the Leader
Not all good leaders are popular. Vice Versa applies.

Leadership Characteristics
Sense of Purpose, Self-Discipline, Honesty, Credibility,
Commonsense, Stamina, Commitment, Steadfastness.

Pitfalls
Trying to be a buddy, Having an Intimate relationship
with an employee, Trying to keep the same when
supervising former peers.

Paradigms of Human Interaction

Win/Win, Win/Lose, Lose/Lose, Win

Leadership Vs Management
Leadership & Management are two distinctive and
Complementary systems of action.
Management

Leadership

Coping with Complexity

Coping with Change

Planning & Budgeting for

Setting the Direction for

Develops capacity to

Aligns people to work

Ensures accomplishment

Motivates & Inspires

Complexity

carry out plans through

organizing & staffing
of plans through controlling
& Problem Solving

change

toward the vision

people to want to accomplish

the plan

Leadership, Ethics, Change

Leadership & Ethics:
Setting high standards of ethical behavior is an essential
task of leaders in a total quality setting.

Leadership & Change

Have a clear vision & corresponding goals
Exhibit a strong sense of responsibility
Be an effective communicator
Have a high energy level
Have the will to change

Change
Employees & Mangers on Change
Difficulty in Change Different perceptions of
employees & managers.
Hence, proper atmosphere should be created to
accommodate change.

Restructuring & Change:

Be smart & Empathetic
Have a Clear Vision
Establish Incentives that Promote the Change
Continue to Train

How to Lead Change?

Change Facilitation
Model:
A critical aspect of
leadership in todays
globally oriented
organization involves
leading change.

Team Building & Team Work

Overview of
Team Building & Teamwork - 1
What is a Team?
A team is a group of people with a common, collective
goal.

Rationale for Teams

Primary reasons for advocating teamwork are:
Two or more heads are better than one.
People in teams get to know each other better, build trust &
as a result help each other.
Teamwork promotes better communication.

A group of people become a team when the following

conditions exist:
Agreement exists as to the teams mission
Members adhere to the team ground rules
Fair distribution of responsibility & authority exists.

Overview of
Team Building & Teamwork - 2
Types of Teams
Department Improvement Team
Process Improvement Team
Task Force

Learning to Work Together

Factors influencing teamwork:
Personal Identity of Team members
Relationships among Team members
Identity within the organization

How to be a Member?
Gain Entry, Be Clear on the Teams mission, Be well
prepared and participate, Stay in Touch.

Overview of
Team Building & Teamwork - 3
How to be a Leader?
Be clear on the teams mission
Identify success criteria
Be action centered
Establish the ground rules
Share Information
Cultivate Team Unity

Team Excellence & Performance

Interdependence, Stretching tasks, Alignment, Common
Language, Trust/Respect, Shared Leadership/
Followership, Problem-solving skills, Confrontation/
Conflict-handling skills, Assessment/Action, Celebration.

Building Teams & Making them Work

Following are the factors that influence team
building & should be taken care of:
Makeup & Size of Teams
Choosing Team Members
Responsibilities of Team Leaders
Other Team Members
Creating Teams Mission Statement
Developing Collegial Relationships
Promoting Diversity in Teams

Four Step Approach to Team Building

Assessing Team Needs
Planning Team-Building Activities

Executing Team-Building Activities

Evaluating Team-Building Activities

Character Traits & Teamwork

Following are few character traits required for
Teamwork:
Honesty
Selflessness
Dependability
Enthusiasm
Responsibility
Cooperativeness
Initiative
Patience
Resourcefulness
Punctuality
Perseverance

Teams are not Bossed

They are Coached
Bosses approach the job from
Im in charge do as you are told perspective.

Coaches are
facilitators of team development and continually
improved performance.

Following are a few characteristics of a Coach:

Clearly Defined Character
Team Development/Team Building
Mentoring
Mutual respect
Human Diversity

Handling Conflict in Teams

Resolution Strategies for Team Conflicts:
Plan & Work to establish a balanced culture
Establish clear criteria

Dont allow individuals to build personal empires

Encourage & Recognize risk-taking behavior
Value constructive dissent

Assign people of widely differing perspectives

Reward and recognize both dissent & teamwork

Structural Inhibitors of Teamwork

Commonly found structural inhibitors to teamwork
in organizations are:
Unit Structure
Accountability
Unit Goals
Responsibility
Compensation & Recognition
Planning & Control

Rewarding Team &

Individual Performance
An organizations
attempt to
institutionalize
teamwork will fail
unless it includes
implementation of an
appropriate
compensation
system

Effective Communication

Defnition of Communication

Communication is the transfer of message

( information,idea,emotion,intent,feeling or
something else) that is both received and
understood.

Effective Communication
Effective Communication means that the message
is received ,understood and acted on in the
desired manner. It is higher order of
communication.

Strategies to communicate the

importance of quality
1) Be optimistic and tie quality to the
organizations strategic direction
2) Consider the points of view of all sides when
formulating your message.
3) Be positive ,honest and consistent-give every
one the same message.

Defnition of Listening

Listening means receiving the message,corretly

decoding it and accurately perceiving what it
means.

Inhibitors of effective listening

Lack of concentration
Interruption
Preconceived ideas
Thinking ahead
Interference

Improving the listening skills

Upgrade your desire to listen
Ask the right question
Judge what is really being said
Eliminate listening errors

Communicating in Writing (Helpful

Rules)
Plan before you write.
Be brief.
Be direct.
Be accurate.
Practice self editing.

Strategies for improving

communication
Keep up to date.
Prioritize and determine time constrains.
Decide whom to inform.
Determine how to communicate.
Communicate and follow up.
Check understanding and obtain feedback

Education & Training

Overview of Education,
Training & Learning - 1
Training is

An organized, systematic series of activities designed to

enhance an individuals work-related knowledge, skills, and
understanding.

Corporate America invests more than $45 billion

per year in training.
Sources of Training:

In house training
External Training or a combination of both.

Numerous Instructional methods like

video tapes, lecture, demonstration etc., are used to

provide training to employees

Overview of Education,
Training & Learning - 1
Types of training by Industry:
Customer Education
Sales Skills
Employee relations etc.,

Changing Role of Training

Mission of corporate Training is becoming the
maximization of competitiveness through continual
improvements.

Attitudes towards Training

Although interest levels dont yet match those found in
European and Pacific Rim countries, attitude towards
training in North America are changing for better.

Rationale for Training

The rationale for training can be found in the need
to compete.
Following are the important factors for need for
training
Quality of the existing labor pool
Global Competition
Rapid & Continual Change
Technological Transfer Problems
Changing Demographics

Any kind of learning can benefit employees &

employers alike in ways that cannot be predicted.

Training needs Assessment

It is most important to:
Train those who need it most
Ensure that the training provided is designed to promote
the goals of the organization

Managers may become involved in assessing

training needs at two levels:
Organizational Level
Individual Level

The most structured approach managers can use

to assess training needs is the job task analysis
survey.

Providing Training
Strategies for maximizing training resources:
Build in Quality from the start
Design Small
Think Creatively
Shop around
Preview & Customize

Internal Approaches

Computer Based training, Group instruction etc.

External Approaches

Enrolling employees in programs provided by public

institutions.

Partnership Approaches

Training partnerships combine characteristics of the

above two approaches.

Evaluating Training
Evaluating Training begins with a clear statement
of purpose.
To know where training has improved performance,
managers need to know three things:
Was the training provided valid?
Did the Employees learn?
Has the learning made a difference?

Managers as Trainers & Trainees - 1

Principles of Learning:
People learn best when they are ready to learn
People learn more easily when what they are learning can
be related to something they already know
People learn best in a step-by-step manner
People learn by doing
The more often people use what they are learning, the
better they will remember and understand it
Success in learning tends to stimulate additional learning
People need immediate and continual feedback to know if
they have learned.

Managers as Trainers & Trainees - 2

Four Step Teaching Method:
Preparation
Presentation
Application
Evaluation

Managers as Trainees:
Quality basics
Strategic Quality management
Quality Planning
Quality Improvement
Quality Control

Workforce Literacy
Impact of Illiteracy on Industry:
Difficulty in filling high-skill jobs, lower levels of
productivity, higher levels of waste etc.,

What Industry Can Do

Industry in United States has found it necessary to
confront the literacy problem head-on.
Companies are doing this by providing remedial education
in the workplace.

What Managers Should Know about Literacy

Training
The need for workforce literacy will be a fact of life
with which managers will have to deal for some time to
come.

Improving Learning
Teaching Study Skills
Make a schedule and stick to it
Have a special place to study
Listen and take notes
Read assertively
Improve test-taking skills

Using Humor in Training

Properly used relevant humor can produce a more
favorable audience for the trainer.

Why Training Sometime fails?

Lack of participation in planning by management
Too narrow in scope

Orientation Training
Recurring errors associated with orientation
training:
Insufficient Information
Too much Information
Conflicting Information

Principles for providing effective training:

Base orientation topics on a needs assessment
Establish an organizing framework
Establish learner control
Make orientation a process, not just an event
Allow people and personalities to emerge
Reflect organizations mission & culture
Have a system for improving & updating

Customer Training
An old adage states
The customer is always right

Customer education has several aspects:

Shaping customer expectations
Providing user support
Marketing

Customer expectations are shaped by the

promotional literature used in marketing the
product.
Customer training can also help market a product.

Ethics Training
Ethical behavior and the rationale for it can be
taught.
Ethics training is becoming increasingly important
As the pressures of succeeding in an intensely
competitive global marketplace grow.

Following are a few recommendations:

Stimulate discussion
Facilitate, dont preach
Integrate ethics training
Highlight practical applications

Questions/Queries