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Batch and continuous blending processes are used to manufacture liquid detergent
in industry.
This process can produce between 15,000 and 50,000 pounds (6,800 and 22,700
kilograms) of detergent per hour.
Temperature varies in each process. For mixing process, the temperature range is
40OC - 90oC.
Dry detergent mix contains:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Surfactants
- penetrating and wetting fabric
- loosening soils (assisted by the mechanical action of the washing
machine)
- emulsifying soils and keeping them suspended in the wash solution
Builders
- builders enhance the action of surfactants (eg: sodium
tripolyphosphate (STPP) )
Alkalis
- raise the pH of the laundry wash water, which assists in breaking up
oily and acidic soil components. (eg: Sodium carbonate, sodium
bicarbonate, etc.)
Enzyme
- enzymes are proteins that can target, aid, and speed up the breakdown
of particular stain components. (optimal temp: 40oC)
Fragrance
- fragrances do more than give laundry a pleasant smell. They neutralise
the inherent odour of the detergent chemicals, and also of the soils in
the laundry wash.
Brighteners
- brighteners enhance the light reflected from the fabric surface and can
make fabrics appear whiter and brighter, helping to keep them looking
newer for longer.
SURFACTANTS
-
Neutralizing
fatty acids
with either
sodium
hydroxide
(NaOH) or
potassium
hydroxide.
INGREDIENT
MIXING
ENZYME
ADDITION
- All ingredients
except the
enzymes are
added and
mixed at a high
temperature
- the mixture is
cooled and
milled, and
the enzymes
are added in
powder form
LIQUID FORMED
-
dry powder is
simply mixed
back in with a
solution
consisting of
water and
chemical called
as "solubilizers."
7.85 m3
Production Rate:
Input = Output
Temperature =
Non-reactive process ( in steady state)
Tank dimension
2) Tank dimension ;
AGITATED SYSTEM
Dt = 2.0 m
H = 2.0 m
Wb = 0.125 m
Za = 0.125 m
N = 68
rpm
D = 1.0 m
1)
2)
3) Power consumption
Where;
1)
2)
3) Power consumption
Where;
mixture circulated evenly and effectively. For mixing to be effective, fluid circulated by the
axial flow impeller will sweep the entire mixing tank in a reasonable time.
Reference/Appendix
Internet
1) www.pinoybisnes.com/home-based-business/how-to-make-liquid-detergent/
(retrieved 2014)
2) www.fusionfluid.com/FusionFluidEquipmentLLC/html/impellers_pbturbine.html
(retrieved 2014)
3) www.unilever.com.my/our-brand/detail/Breeze/335780/ (retrieved 2014)
Books/Journals
1) De Groot, W. Herman. Sulphonation Technology in the Detergent Industry. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1991(retrieved 2014)
2) Kuo-Yann Lai, Liquid Detergent. CRC Press Publishers, August 23,2005 (retrieved
2014)
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APPENDIX
11
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